Form 4: Chapter 1 (Functions)

SPM Practice
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1

1 Based on the given ordered pairs {(2, 1), (4, 3), (a) The range is {3, 7}.
(6, 5), (6, 7)}, an arrow diagram can be drawn as
shown below.
‘3’ and ‘7’ are linked to object(s) but
Q ‘5’ and ‘11’ are not linked to any object.
Therefore, the range is {3, 7}.
P
1
(b) The above relation is a many-to-one
2 3 relation.
4 5
Element ‘7’ in the codomain is
6 7 linked to two elements, i.e. ’28’
and ‘49’ in the domain. Therefore,
9 it is a many-to-one relation.

(a) The image of 2 is 1.

4 h : x → 2x + m
(b) The object of 7 is 6.
h(x) = 2x + m
Let h−1(x) = y
2 (a) Let g−1(7) = y h(y) = x
Thus, g(y) = 7 2y + m = x
4y – 1 = 7 x–m
4y = 8 y=
2
y=2 x–m x m
−1
∴ g−1(7) = 2 ∴ h (x) = = –
2 2 2
3
(b) hg(x) But it is given that h–1(x) = 3kx + .
2
= h(4x – 1) Hence, by comparison,
= (4x – 1)2 – 3(4x – 1) + 5 1 1
= 16x 2 – 8x + 1 – 12x + 3 + 5 3k = ⇒ k = and
2 6
= 16x 2 – 20x + 9 m 3
– = ⇒ m = –3.
2 2
3 Set P Set Q

9 5 (a) hg(x) = 6x – 2
3 h[g(x)] = 6x – 2
28
3g(x) + 1 = 6x – 2
5 3g(x) = 6x – 3
49
g(x) = 2x – 1
7
It is given that h(x) = 3x + 1.
11 Hence, h[g(x)] = 3g(x) + 1.

1
 (b) gh(x) = g(3x + 1) 8 Let n−1(x) = y
= 2(3x + 1) – 1 n(y) = x
= 6x + 1 4y – 1 = x
4y = x + 1
1
When gh(x) = , x+1
3 y=
4
1
6x + 1 = x + 1
3 n−1(x) =
4
18x + 3 = 1
x+1
18x = –2
1
mn−1(x) = m  4 
x=– 3
9 =
x+1

8 4 
–5

3 3
6 (a) From the given arrow diagram, = ,x≠
2x – 3  2
f(–2) = –5. Hence, f –1(–5) = –2.
(b) gf(–2) = 3
9 (a) The relation between set P and set Q is a
This is a composite function gf(x) many-to-one relation.
which maps x directly onto z.
(b) The relation can be represented by
f(x) = x4.

    Function notation

–1
7 (a) Let w (x) = z
w(z) = x
6 10 m (2) = 7
=x
3 – 2z 2–h
=7
h
Change the subject of the 2 – h = 7h
formula to z. 8h = 2

1
h =
6 = x(3 – 2z) 4
6 = 3x – 2xz
2xz = 3x – 6
3x – 6 11 (a) k = 9
z =
2x
(b) The relation can be represented by
3x – 6
∴ w (x) =
−1
,x≠0 f(x) = x – 1.
2x
5      Function notation
 
(b) w−1h –
2
5
  
= w−1 2 – + 3
2 12 f(x) = 9
−1
= w (–2) |x – 4| = 9
3(–2) – 6 x – 4 = ±9
=
2(–2) x – 4 = 9 or x – 4 = –9
= 3 x = 13 or x = –5

2
 13 g 2 (x) = gg(x) 16 (a) f(6) = 6 + 4
= g(px + q) = 10
= p(px + q) + q
= p2x + pq + q (b) gf(6) = 24
g(10) = 24
But it is given that
10t – 6 = 24
g 2 (x) = 49x – 32.
10t = 30
Hence, by comparison, t = 3
p2 = 49
p = 7 (p > 0) 17 (a) The object of 2 is 6.
pq + q = –32 (b) The range is {1, 2, 3}.
7q + q = –32
8q = –32 18 (a) fg(3) = 4(3) + 8 = 20
q = –4
(b) fg(x) = 4x + 8
2g(x) + 6 = 4x + 8
14 (a) f(x) = 0
2g(x) = 4x + 2
|2x – 3| = 0
g(x) = 2x + 1
2x – 3 = 0
3
x = 19 (a) f(5) = 5 + 3 = 8
2
3 (b) Let f  –1(x) = y
k =
2 f( y) = x
y + 3 = x
(b) f(4) = |2(4) – 3|
y=x–3
= |5|
∴ f  –1(k) = x – 3
=5
2f  –1(k) = f(5)
The range of f(x) is
2(k – 3) = 8
0  f (x)  5.
k – 3 = 4
k=7
15 (a) Let g–1 (6) = y
g(y) = 6
3y + 2 = 6
3y = 4
4
y=
3
4
∴ g (6) =
–1
3

(b)
hg(x) = h(3x + 2)
= (3x + 2)2 – 2(3x + 2) + 5
= 9x2 + 12x + 4 – 6x – 4 + 5
= 9x2 + 6x + 5

3
 Paper 2

1 (a) f : x → 2x – 3 2 (a) (i) The function which maps set B to set A

f(x) = 2x – 3 is f  –1(x).
Let f  –1(x) = y
f –1(x) = y
Let
f( y) = x
f(y) = x
3y + 5 = x
2y – 3 = x
x+3 y= x–5
y = 3
2
x+3 ∴ f   (x) = x – 5 –1
∴ f (x) =
–1
3
2
(ii) gf(x) = 12x + 5
f –1g(x)
g(3x + 5) = 12x + 5
 
x
= f –1 + 2 Let 3x + 5 = u
2
x x= u–5
2 + 2 + 3 3

=
2

3 
g(u) = 12  u – 5 + 5
x+4+6 = 4(u – 5) + 5
2 = 4u – 15
= ∴ g(x) = 4x – 15
2
x + 10 (b) fg(x) = f(4x – 15)
= = 3(4x – 15) + 5
4
x + 10 = 12x – 45 + 5
∴ f –1 g : x → = 12x – 40
4
(b) hg : x → 2x + 4 When fg(x) = 8x – 4,
hg(x) = 2x + 4 12x – 40 = 8x – 4
4x = 36
 
x
h + 2 = 2x + 4 x=9
2
x
Let
+2=u
2
x
=u–2
2
x = 2u – 4
h(u) = 2(2u – 4) + 4
= 4u – 8 + 4
= 4u – 4
∴ h : x → 4x – 4