Form 4: Chapter 2 (Quadratic Equations)

SPM Practice
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1

1 2x(x – 3) = (2 – x)(x + 1) 4 7 – 2(1 + x)2 = x(x + 5)

2x 2 – 6x = 2x + 2 – x 2 – x 7 – 2(1 + 2x + x 2) = x 2 + 5x
3x 2 – 7x – 2 = 0 7 – 2 – 4x – 2x 2 = x 2 + 5x
3x 2 + 9x – 5 = 0
(–7)2 – 4(3)(–2)
x = – (–7) ± 2
–b ± b – 4ac
2(3) x =
2a
7 ± 49 + 24
x = 2
–9 ± 9 – 4(3)(–5)
6 x =
7 ± 8.5440 2(3)
x=
6 –9 ± 141
x = 2.591 or –0.2573 x =
6
x = 0.4791 or –3.479
2 5
2 The roots are and – .
3 2 5 9x 2 + qx + 1 = 4x
2 5 11 9x 2 + qx – 4x + 1 = 0
Sum of roots = + – = –
3 2   6 9x 2 + (q – 4)x + 1 = 0
2 5 5 a = 9, b = q – 4, c = 1
Product of roots = × – = –
3  
2 3 If the equation has equal roots, then
The quadratic equation is b 2 – 4ac = 0
11 5 2
(q – 4) – 4(9)(1) = 0
x2 + x– =0
6 3 q 2 – 8q + 16 – 36 = 0
6x2 + 11x – 10 = 0 q 2 – 8q – 20 = 0
x 2 – (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0 (q + 2)(q – 10) = 0
q = –2 or 10

3 y = 5x – 2 … 1 6 (a) mx 2 + nx + 12 = 0
If the quadratic equation has equal roots,
y = 3x + 3x + k … 2
2
b 2 – 4ac = 0
Substituting 2 into 1 : n2 – 4m(12) = 0
3x2 + 3x + k = 5x – 2 n2 = 48m
3x2 – 2x + k + 2 = 0 n2
m=
a = 3, b = –2, c = k + 2 48

In the case where a curve does not meet a straight (b) If m = 2 and n = –11,
line, b2 – 4ac < 0 is applied. 2x 2 – 11x + 12 = 0
b2 – 4ac < 0 (2x – 3)(x – 4) = 0
2
(–2) – 4(3)(k + 2) < 0 3
x = or 4
4 – 12k – 24 < 0 2
–12k – 20 < 0 7 x 2 – px – 6 = 0
–12k < 20 When x = –1
20 (–1)2 – p(–1) – 6 = 0
k >
–12 1+p–6=0
2 p–5=0
k > –1
3 p=5

5
 b Paper 2
8 Sum of roots = – 
a
2 + m + 1 = –(n – 2) 1 (a) x2 + 3(3x + k) = 0
3+m=2–n x2 + 9x + 3k = 0
m + n = –1 … 1
Sum of roots = – b
Product of roots = c a
a p + 2p = –9
2(m + 1) = 6 3p = –9
m=2 p = –3
From 1 : 2 + n = –1
Product of roots = c
n = –3 a
p(2p) = 3k
2p2 = 3k
9 x(x – 6) = h – 4k
2(–3)2 = 3k
x2 – 6x + 4x – h = 0
18 = 3k
a = 1, b = –6, c = 4k – h
k=6
For equal roots,
(b) The new roots are p – 2 = –3 – 2 = –5 and
b2 – 4ac = 0
p + 4 = –3 + 4 = 1.
(–6)2 – 4(1)(4k – h) = 0
Sum of roots = –5 + 1 = – 4
36 – 16k + 4h = 0
Product of roots = –5(1) = –5
9 – 4k + h = 0
The quadratic equation is
h = 4k – 9
x2 + 4x – 5 = 0.
10 (a) 2x2 + mx – 4 = 0
Given that 2 is a root, then x = 2.
2(2)2 + m(2) – 4 = 0
4 + 2m = 0
2m = – 4
m = –2
(b) Sum of roots = – 6
– b = – 6
a
m
–  = – 6
2
m = 12