Fuel cell power systems

The Potential for Fuel Cells in

Renewable Energy Based
Stand Alone Power Systems

Yannick Dupont
Axane – Sales Manager

Fuel Cell European Leader 1

Introduction to Air Liquide -A broad range of customers in
industry and healthcare
„Presence in more than 60 countries % of gas and services sales
Others
„More than 30,300 employees 10%
Oil and gas
3%
Chemicals
19% Laboratories
3%

Food
Metal fabrication
6%
18%

Metal: iron and steel and

Electronics non-ferrous industries
15% 11%

Healthcare
15% More than 8 bn € in sales

Fuel Cell European Leader 2

Hydrogen fuel cell: Air Liquide positionning
Today Safety
and Tomorrow
and
handling expertise

Hydrogen supply Markets

Technology
and R&D

Fuel Cell European Leader 3

The Largest Hydrogen network

Marl
Rheinberg Dortmund
Duisburg
Herne
Rozenburg Rotterdam Essen
Dordrecht

NETHERLANDS Düsseldorf
Bergen-op-Zoom
Leverkusen
Terneuzen Antwerpen
Zeebrugge Köln
GERMANY
Genk
Dunkerque Gent
Brussels

BELGIQUE
FRANCE Feluy
Lille
Mons Charleroi
Isbergues

Waziers
Maubeuge

PIPELINE: France & Belgique Hydrogen Total length: Pressure:

Germany Production Plan
> 1,100 km 100 b
CO

Fuel Cell European Leader 4

Welcome to axane
‰Formed May 23, 2001 by a JV between NUVERA Fuel Cell and AIR LIQUIDE
‰Located in the middle of the French Alps in Sassenage, France
‰R&D Expertise and Capabilities
‰ June 2002 Air Liquide and Nuvera separate and Axane becomes a wholly owned Air
Liquide subsidiary
‰ Develop Proprietary Technology and Know-how
‰ Objective to become a global provider of Direct H2 fuel Cell system for the Markets of
- Small Hybrid vehicles
- Stationary
- Portable

‰ Two Phased Program;

Development of the Technology to define the offer and

Prepare the transition to industrialisation, and commercialisation

Fuel Cell European Leader 5

Air Liquide and the Fuel Cell technology
evolution

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Air Liquide & De Nora/ Nuvera Axane

Polar Observer
Scania bus FC 400 W Generator
Renault Fever Portable Generator
Multi PAC

Peugeot Partner
Comm PAC
Portable Battery Charger

Roller PAC
Fuel Cell European Leader 6
Potential Applications for Fuel Cell
Small power generators Public Transport Stationary
0,5-10 kW 50kW -1000 kW
75-400 kW
Systems in series 1000-1500
•Isolated Site Domestic Power •Bus Domestic CHP
•Panels- Traffic, Advertisement •Tramway Back up €/kW
•Battery Chargers Decentralized production CHP
•Portable Power Generators 1000-3000 €/kW
•Range Extenders
Hydrogen Supply
•Utility / Recreational vehicles
Ditto Transport
•UPS systems Market penetration 2010 ?
•Garden tools
•Truck APU’s Market penetration 2010
•Utility vehicle Warehouses Cars and road vehicles

Systems
Specialty niches
5000-10000 €/kW •75 to 400 kW
<100 €/kW
Systems H2/O2
• 5/ 15 kW
EVO PAC
Systems
•0,1/ 0,5 /1/ 5/ 10/ 15 kW Hydrogen Supply
•Submarines
•On site Production
•Oil exploration
•Pipe line
•Mining
Market penetration 2005 •Tube trailers
•Space
•Liquid Bulk
Hydrogen storage- Gaseous Liquid <20000 €/kW
Hydrogen stations
Merchant Hydrogen Hydrogen and Oxygen
Hydrogen cylinders Merchant Cylinders
0,5 to 10 liters / 200 –350 bars Market penetration 2015 ?
Small on site production
•reformers,
•electrolysers Fuel Cell European Leader 7
1st SAPS for Axane: Polar Observer mission

The Polar Pac supplied the energy needs to

Dr. JL Etienne
For his expedition of the Polar cap

First fuel cell successfully operated in the North

Pole under harsh conditions
Easy to maintain
0ver 1500 hrs of operation without any problem

Fuel Cell European Leader 8

AXANE : ROLLERPAC application of the
EVOPAC for a power generator
¾ SYSTEM DESIGN 2 kW 230 VAC

¾Height: 738 mm (850)

9 Foot print: 420 (450) x 435 (500)

9Weight: 65 Kg

Fuel Cell European Leader 9

The EVOPAC Concept

Fuel Cell European Leader 10

How to supply SAPS power needs with
fuel cells
Main Issues
‰ Poor access or no access to electrical grid or Natural Gas grid
‰ Isolated remote site
‰ Low power consumption, typically 1- 2 kW individually 20 kW for a village
‰ In most cases end user can not afford high cost solution
‰ Often near good source to Renewable energy
 Wind
 Sun
 Hydro
 Thermal
 Tidal

Fuel Cell European Leader 11

Quick review of alternative solutions
‰ Classic approaches
ƒ Diesel Generator
¾ Fuel Logistics
¾ Pollution
¾ Noise
¾ Reliability
¾ Maintenance
‰ Renewable energy
¾ Solar power mainly photovoltaic
¾ Wind energy
¾ Hydro or Wave Tidal
attractive but cyclical, need to store energy
ƒ Batteries
¾ Take up space + -
¾ Need climate conditioning

Batteries

Fuel Cell European Leader 12

SAPS /Remote sites installations /many solutions
Classic approach
RENEWABLE 1) PV + Batteries with or w/o
ENERGY PV,
Wind, etc. 2) ICE + Batteries

Charger DC /AC
Batt /230 V
Charger
Power Management Applications
Unit Domestic, antennae
telecom , etc.

+ -

ICE Power
Generator
Fuel
Source (USDOI)

BATTERIES

Fuel Cell European Leader 13

Remote sites installations /many solutions

H2 powered FC Solution

Applications
Domestic, antennae
H2 telecom , etc.

Fuel Cell Power Generator

Fuel Cell European Leader 14

SAPS /FC energy solution
RENEWABLE
Renewable Energy + Fuel Cell Solution
ENERGY PV, Wind,
etc. With or w/o Electrolyzer

Battery Charger

Applications
Domestic, antennae
H2 telecom , etc.
O2

H2 Storage

Fuel Cell
On Site Electrolyser Power Generator

Fuel Cell European Leader 15

SAPS /BTS power for Telecom market
FC + logistic H2
With PV hybridation or
« Economiser » of H2

BTS
H2

TM
Générateur COMM PAC

DC /DC
Chargeur
Batt / 48 V

Fuel Cell European Leader 16

COMM PACTM: Axane solution for Telecom
isolated site
 • Net power = 2,5 Continuous k Watts

• Overload capacity= 5 kW for 1 second

• Volts user = 110 V AC / 60 Hz - 230 V AC / 50 Hz - 48 V DC
• Waveform = Perfect sine-wave
• Electrical protection = Short circuit + surge protection 360 joules
• Noise= 50 dba @ 1 m
• Weight (less fuel)= 60 kg
• Dimensions= 83 x 62 x 30 cm
• UL/CSA & CE labels = in process
• Maximum power= . . instantaneous transient
• Start time = < 5 seconds
• Stop time = < 5 seconds
• Storage temperature = - 30°C / + 55°C
• Operating temperature= - 20°C / + 45°C
• Maximum altitude= up to 3000 m operating

Fuel Cell European Leader 17

GSM Telecom Site with Genset

Fuel Cell European Leader 18

GSM Telecom Site with Fuel Cell

Fuel Cell European Leader 19

AXANE : ROLLERPAC Hydrogen Feed Scenarios
Standard AL Cylinders
SPHERE B50: diam. 0,240 – height 1,6 m – 75 Kg
10-15 Kg – 300 / 700 b
B20: diam. 0,200 – height 0,98 m – 35 Kg
Range : 2 / 4 h a 2KW

Cylinder Logistics: standard AL

supply
Range
(FC consumption 1 KW: 0,7 Nm3/h)

2,5 KW Æ 1 B50 for 6h (a PN)

1,5 KW Æ 1 B50 for 10 h
1,5 KW Æ 1 B20 for 4 h

Fuel Cell European Leader 20

The economics of the FC Solution avoided cost of network
tie-in
PV+Battery

70
150 k€/km Network tie-in
75 k€/km
60
2003 Prototype
Estimated annual cost

50
FC Solution
K€/an

40
2005 Roll-out 50k€/km

30 X
ICE Generator
20

10

1km 2 km Distance to network tie-in (km)

Fuel Cell European Leader 21

Advantages of H2 + Fuel Cell Solution

‰ Clean energy no emissions or Green House Gases

 Improved efficiency
‰ Replace back up ICE by FC generator
 Less risk of loss of equipment (theft of equipment)
 Reduced noise
 Reliability
 Maintenance
‰ H2 allows us to store energy to optimize Renewable Energy
‰ Cost benefits of avoided electrification from the grid. ie Tie HV/LV
conversion, infrastructure, power lines
‰ Governmental incentives
‰ But Hydrogen production and distribution need controlled and
professionally managed

Fuel Cell European Leader 22

The cost curve time and mass production

2003 2020

Fuel Cell European Leader 23