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EN 1.0038 (S235JR) Non-

Alloy Steel
EN 1.0038 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into
wrought products. 1.0038 is the EN numeric designation for this material.
S235JR is the EN chemical designation.

It can have a moderately low tensile strength and has a moderately low thermal
conductivity among wrought carbon or non-alloy steels.

The properties of EN 1.0038 steel include two common variations. This page
shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the
links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further
below compare EN 1.0038 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all
iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the
highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest,
and so on.

Hot Rolled (+U) 1.0038 Steel

Normalized (+N) 1.0038 Steel

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Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness

110 to 120

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

23 to 25 %

Fatigue Strength

140 to 160 MPa 21 to 23 x 103 psi

Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy

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28 to 31 J 21 to 23 ft-lb

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

240 to 270 MPa 35 to 39 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

380 to 430 MPa 55 to 62 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

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200 to 220 MPa 29 to 32 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

400 °C 750 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

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1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

49 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.2 % IACS

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Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.3 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified
Properties
Base Metal Price

2.1 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.4 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

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19 MJ/kg 8.1 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb

Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

72 to 88 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

110 to 130 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

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13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

13 to 15 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

15 to 16 points

Thermal Diffusivity

13 m2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

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12 to 13 points

Alloy Composition
Iron (Fe) 97.1 to 100

Manganese (Mn) 0 to 1.5

Copper (Cu) 0 to 0.6

Silicon (Si) 0 to 0.55

Chromium (Cr) 0 to 0.3

Nickel (Ni) 0 to 0.3

Carbon (C) 0 to 0.23

Molybdenum (Mo) 0 to 0.080

Phosphorus (P) 0 to 0.045

Sulfur (S) 0 to 0.045

Nitrogen (N) 0 to 0.014

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable
standards.

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Followup Questions

How are the material properties defined?

How does EN 1.0038 steel compare to other iron alloys?

How does it compare to other metal alloys?

Similar Alloys

EN 1.0116 (S235J2G3) Non-Alloy Steel

EN 1.0258 (P265TR1) Non-Alloy Steel

EN 1.0570 (S355J2G3) Non-Alloy Steel

EN 1.0254 (P235TR1) Non-Alloy Steel

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EN 1.0451 (P215NL) Non-Alloy Steel

EN 1.0452 (P255QL) Non-Alloy Steel

Further Reading
EN 10025-2: Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery
conditions for non-alloy structural steels

EN 10250-2: Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 2:
Non-alloy quality and special steels

Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015

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