AMC Mining Consultants (Canada) Ltd.

BC0767129 — 202-200 Granville Street Vancouver BC V6C

1S4 CANADA — T +1 604 669 0044 F +1 604 669 1120 E amcvancouver@amcconsultants.com W
amcconsultants.com

Technical Report Amayapampa Gold Property Feasibility Study Update For LionGold Corp. Ltd

Bustillo Province, Bolivia

In accordance with the requirements of National Instrument 43-101 “Standards of Disclosure for
Mineral Projects” of the Canadian Securities Administrators

Qualified Persons:

J M Shannon, P.Geo. R. Webster, AusIMM (CP), MAIG. C Sprott, AusIMM (CP) A Riles, MAIG.

AMC Project 713009 Effective date 16 December 2013

Amayapampa Gold Property For LionGold Corp. Ltd 713009

Summary

This Technical Report on the Amayapampa Gold Property (Property) in Bolivia has been prepared
by AMC Mining Consultants (Canada) Ltd (AMC) of Vancouver, Canada on behalf of LionGold Corp.
Ltd (LGC) of Singapore, and its wholly owned Bolivian subsidiary Minera Nueva Vista SA (MNV). It
has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101),
“Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects”, of the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) for
lodgment on CSA’s “System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval” (SEDAR) if required.
This report is required by LGC as an update of the results of the 2010 Feasibility Study (FS), carried
out by Republic Gold Limited (RGL), the previous owner of MNV. It incorporates new drilling,
geological modeling and estimation, mine plan, metallurgical and process information, and updates
costs and economics. It also introduces the staged approach to the development of the
Amayapampa Gold Project, (Project).

Location and ownership The Amayapampa gold deposit is located 382 km from La Paz in the eastern
Altiplano of Bolivia in the Municipality of Chayanta, Bustillo Province, Department of Potosí. The
centre of the Property area is located at UTM Zone 18,776,400 mE, 7,953,900 mN. Access is by road
from La Paz on a 268 km paved road followed by a 120 km gravel road. Upgrades and sealing of
much of this gravel is in progress but some remediation of the immediate access will be required by
the operator prior to construction. This work has commenced.

The Property consists of 37 overlapping concessions totalling 2,892 hectares, currently all registered
in the name of MNV. The purchase of the Property by LGC was completed on 11 December 2012
from RGL. RGL had purchased the property from Vista Gold Corporation, (VGC) in April 2008 and
there are three annual payments of $1,000,000 due to VGC upon reaching commercial production,
and a royalty to be paid which is 3.5% at the current gold price.

The surface rights are held communally and operations will occur under a social licence which is
partly in place. Existing environmental liabilities will require treatment of water from an adit and
some clean-up of a stockpile and remnant tailings areas.

Climatic conditions are characteristic of the Bolivian Altiplano, with temperatures varying between
winter lows of -3.5° C to summer highs of 24.5° C. The climate is generally arid with seasonal
precipitation of about 400 to 700 mm per year, mostly falling during the wet season of December
through to April. Relatively high wind gust speeds could cause dust and flying objects.

The Property is located at elevations ranging from 3900 m above sea level (asl) to about 4,200 m.
The topographic relief is moderate to severe and generally consists of high ridges with steep slopes
and deep narrow valleys with over 200 m of relief in the immediate area.

Bolivia is a country with a long mining heritage and a vibrant existing mining industry. LGC is setting
out to run the Project with predominantly Bolivian staff, with some assistance from expat technical
people. Oruro which has a population of over 250,000 is the most important city for the area and is
located 143 km to the north of the Property. It is a mining centre and is currently a three-hour drive
from the Project.

Geology and mineralization The Property is located in the Bolivian Cordillera Oriental, a range of the
Andes Mountains on the eastern edge of the Altiplano region. Regionally the area is characterized
by a Palaeozoic to Mesozoic fold and thrust belt containing lower Palaeozoic to Mesozoic-age shales
and sandstones that have undergone weak regional metamorphism to argillites and quartzites. The
deposit consists of quartz vein related, orogenic gold mineralization hosted in Ordovician, fine-
grained, carbonaceous, siliclastic sediments. Gold mineralization occurs within a 30 m to 70 m wide,
steeply west dipping, north-(local grid) striking shear zone, parallel to a tight fold axis. Within the
shear zone, gold mineralization is closely associated with structurally controlled zones of intense
quartz veining which individually dip east. Five types of veins have been differentiated and may
reflect more than one mineralizing event.

Exploration and data management

The Amayapampa district has a long mining history and small-scale mining continued into modern
times. The early 1990’s, saw semi-mechanised underground mining with the use of jackleg drills, a
few mechanized muckers and rail haulage, with processing via gravity plants. Da Capo Resources
(Da Capo) commenced modern exploration in 1994 and completed 5,191 m of channel sampling,
drilled 20 diamond (DD) and 55 Reverse Circulation (RC) holes, and carried out geologic surface
mapping, trenching and underground mapping. The amalgamation of Granges (US) Inc. (Granges)
and Da Capo formed Vista, which undertook a feasibility work-program including the drilling of 25
DD and 42 RC holes. Upon the gold price dropping below US$325 per ounce, work by Vista consisted
of desktop studies through to the year 2000. Check sampling was also carried out at this time.

In 2003 Luzon Minerals Ltd. (Luzon) obtained an option over the Amayapampa Property. In late
2003, Luzon commissioned Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. (RPA) to review previous work. GR
Technical Services (GR Tech) produced an FS, on the Project based on the 2000 FS but addressing
the concerns raised by RPA. These included addressing issues relating to data quality as well as
updating the Mineral Resource model, mine plan, schedule and costs. As a term of the agreement
Luzon was required to update the FS in 2007 but failed to do this and so the option agreement
lapsed and control of the Property returned to Vista. Note no exploration work was carried out in
that period.

Since 2008 MNV has carried out a drilling program and comprehensive trenching and pitting
program both over the deposit and within the claim area. This is in addition to surface geological
and structural mapping also on the deposit and claim area. All MNV data is registered in UTM
coordinates and an exercise was carried out to resurvey all holes and ensure all data is located
correctly. The trenches have 5 m sample intervals in line with the historic channel samples. Pits
developed on the trench lines are 5 m deep and have been sampled every 2.5 m down the side wall.

In 2008 and 2009 MNV drilled 17 DD holes in an effort to get representative samples across the
main zone. The extensive old workings meant seven of these failed to meet target, and were
redrilled. The maximum depth of these holes was 244.5 m. Due to the old workings and in places
steep topography, drill sites are limited. This gives an irregular pattern to the drilling, but in general,
drilling intersects the mineralization at 20 m to 30 m intervals along and across strike. Due to the
west-dipping shear zone and the east dipping veins the drilling gives a scissors effect on section.

In 2011 RGL carried out DD and RC drilling with cored tails over a number of different targets in 35
holes for a total of 3803 m. In addition one geotechnical hole was drilled I the same program for 260
m. This proposed program except for RC drilling in the oxide zone was not was completed as
planned. However holes were drilled to resolve geological interpretation uncertainties, and increase
confidence within the pit volume, below the pit volume, and also investigate the trend along strike,
especially to the north.

All core has been processed in an industry standard manner, and assaying carried out in accredited
laboratories. There had been some concerns about the RC sampling as it was a mix of wet and dry
drilling. Earlier audits identified issues which have been rectified as far as possible. Da Capo and
Vista used screen fire assays as the standard analytical method, whereas RGL has used a standard
fire assay as the primary assay method. Bulk density determination was only carried out on a small
number of samples, and average figures said to represent the deposit type were used in the
estimate. Through time an effort has been made to institute QA/QC measures. The data has been
audited and reviewed by various groups, and despite some variability in the quality and
transparency of the collection and control AMC believes that the data is suitable for Mineral
Resource estimation purposes. Geomodelling Ltd (GML) carried out a review of the assay data for
RGL for the 2010 estimates, and that data forms the basis of the 2013 model.

Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves The 2013 Amayapampa Mineral Resource has been
estimated by Senior Geologist Katherine Zunica and Principal Geologist Rodney Webster of AMC
Consultants Pty Ltd (AMC Pty Ltd.). Rodney Webster is acting as the Qualified Person for the Mineral
Resource estimate.

The Mineral Resource estimate above a cut-off of 0.4 g/t gold is shown in Table 1. This Mineral
Resource estimate supersedes the Mineral Resources reported in the 2011 Technical Report which
were estimated by Kerrin Allwood of GML.

Table 1 Mineral Resources as of October 2013

As of October 2013 at a 0.4 g/t Au cut off

Tonnes (M) Grade (Au g/t) Ounces (koz)

Measured - - -

Indicated 11.2 2.4 853

Inferred 12.0 2.4 934

Notes:

1. CIM definitions were used for Mineral Resources

2. The cut off applied is 0.4 g/t Au
3. The Mineral Resources are total and include any Mineral Reserves
4. The Mineral Resources have been depleted for historical mining.
5. Errors caused by rounding may result in inconsistent contained ounces.

This estimate has constrained the high grade zones as opposed to the broad grade envelopes used
in 2010 and 2011. The model contains both oxidation and transition surfaces which have been built
from logging observations, thus the Mineral Resources are split into Oxide, Transition and Fresh, the
latter equating predominantly to sulphide. The higher grade mineralized zones were located by
using the higher grade sample intersections, and a narrow search ellipse oriented to follow the
interpreted mineralization trend, employing an indicator method.

A top cut of 50 g/t Au was applied, and interpolation of the gold grade was undertaken using
ordinary kriging into 5 mE x20 mN x5 mRL blocks, with three estimation passes. Historical mining
was accounted for using level development to guide the estimation of voids or extracted volumes.
The Mineral Resource was classified primarily according to confidence in the tonnage and grade
estimation. The Indicated blocks are largely defined by 25 m by 25 m or tighter drill and channel
sampling and are located in the centre of the deposit where sampling is dense. A Measured
Resource was not considered due to the uncertainty in regard to the mined-out volume.

A number of checks were carried out to validate the estimate. The comparison with the 2011
estimate shows that the updated estimate has significantly less tonnes at approximately twice the
average grade as a result of the more constrained modelling approach. In addition, the 2013 Inferred
Resources contain twice as many ounces as the 2011 estimate, indicating significant upside
potential.

Indicated Mineral Resources have been converted to Probable Mineral Reserves using updated
costs and processing parameters for pit optimization and subsequent pit designs. A life of mine
schedule was developed to support the Project indicating a positive value when considering capital
and operating costs.

Table 2 Mineral Reserves as of October 2013

Tonnes (M) Grade (Au g/t) Ounces (koz)

Proven - - -

Probable 9.1 2.4 701

Total 9.1 2.4 701

Notes:

1. CIM definitions were used for Mineral Reserves

2. The cut offs applied are 0.5 g/ Au for all types

3. These Mineral Reserves have been depleted for historical mining

4. Errors caused by rounding may result in inconsistent contained ounces

The Property is located in the Eastern Altiplano of Bolivia in South America in the Municipality of
Chayanta, Bustillo Province, Department of Potosí. It is centred at Latitude 18° 29' 16” South and
Longitude 66° 22' 58” West and lies 382 kilometres south-east from La Paz, the main city of Bolivia
and the seat of Government. The Property location is illustrated in Figure 4.1.

Location of Amayapampa Property

Accessibility

The Property is approximately 382 kilometres, (km), south-east of La Paz, or a 5.5 to 6.0 hour drive
in a 4WD. It is accessed from La Paz by 294 km of paved road to Huanuni via the city of Oruro and
then approximately 88 km of paved, gravelled or dirt roads to the Project, depending on the route
chosen. – see Figure 5.1. Work is in progress on the new route between Huanuni and Llallagua with
portions of this newly paved road already open to traffic. From Unica there is a choice of route with
the southern route from Uncia to Lagunillas being a good quality dirt road and then the road from
Lagunillas to the Project requires upgrading. On the northern route, the road from Uncia to
Chayanta is being upgraded and paving has commenced and is expected to be completed in the
coming months. Chayanta is seven kilometres as the crow flies from the Project, but accessed by a
very winding road. The preferred option for permanent access to the site, is the upgrading and the
construction of the road from Amayapampa to Chayanta via Pullukiri, which has commenced.
Local access roads to site

Climate

Climatic conditions are characteristic of the Bolivian Altiplano. Annual temperatures vary between
winter lows of -3.5° C to summer highs of 24.5° C. The climate is generally arid with seasonal
precipitation of about 400 to 700 millimetres per year, mostly falling during the wet season of
December through to April. Snowfall and hail accumulations seldom exceed 30 to 50 cms and rapid
melt-off usually follows. Moderate to severe electrical storms are prevalent during the summer
months.

An automatic weather station has been operating at Amayapampa since 19 February 2009, where
hourly readings of precipitation, air pressure, wind speed, wind gust speed, wind direction,
temperature and relative humidity are recorded. Whilst there is a distinct wet and dry season there
is not expected to be any significantly adverse weather implications for the Project. The only issue
could be relatively high wind gust speeds causing dust and flying objects.

Local resources and infrastructure

There are seven villages surrounding the Project, with the largest being the village of Amayapampa,
immediately adjacent to the Project. Amayapampa has a population of approximately 1,130 people,
a number of whom have moved from the other six villages, either temporality or permanently, to
work at the Project.

The town of Chayanta, which is the municipal headquarters for the Municipality of Chayanta where
the Project lies, is seven kilometres away. The population of Chayanta is estimated to be 10,000.
Apart from being the municipal seat of government, Chayanta offers few benefits as a service town
for the Project.

The nearest main population centres to the Project are the towns of Uncia and Llallagua. Both towns
owe their existence to the major hard-rock tin mine of Siglo that effectively lies between the two
towns. Uncia is the seat of Government for the Rafael Bustillo province in the North of Potosi.

Oruro is the most important city for the Project because of the limited services available in both
Uncia and Llallagua. Oruro has a population of over 250,000 (2010 census), and is located 143 km
to the north of the Project, currently a three-hour drive by 4WD. Oruro, founded in 1606 was
originally a silver mining centre but was re-established in the late nineteenth century as a tin mining
centre. To the west and north-west of Oruro lie the Korri Chaka and Korri Kollo gold mines, until
recently majority owned by Newmont Limited of the USA. Korri Kollo has reputedly produced
approximately 5 million ounces of gold since the 1980s and is still operating today under the
ownership of a Bolivian company.

A sophisticated heavy transport industry exists to service the country, and bus services run from
Llallagua to Oruro and onto La Paz and are used by current mine staff as a means of transport to
and from the Project. Rail transportation for goods is an option, with the main Antofagasta to Oruro
railroad line running through Challapata where a marshalling yard could be implemented during the
construction phase.

Power feed to the Project and surrounding villages is currently by an existing 22 kV power line, which
is insufficient for the Project and a new power line will be constructed.

The estimated raw water demand for the Project averages 60 litres per second, including provision
of potable water for a camp of approximately 80 persons and providing 5.2 megalitres per day to
the processing plant. The proposed water supply strategy is to construct a dam located on the
Quebrada Jalsuyo, to the east of the proposed plant site. Supply for the plant and camp will be on
demand from the reservoir. The raw water supply (RWS) dam is intended to provide a reliable supply
of raw water for the Amayapampa Mine operations and ore process plant, with negligible impact
on current water users of the communities within the Project area of influence. An engineering
design for this dam including a water catchment analysis is due to commence soon.

Physiography

The Property is located at elevations that range from 3,900 metres above sea level to approximately
4,200 metres above sea level. The topographic relief is moderate to severe and generally consists
of high ridges with steep side slopes and deep narrow valleys with over 200 metres of relief in the
immediate area.
There is a history of moderate seismic activity for the area. Most of the seismic activity, however,
has occurred southwest and northeast of the Property at varying distances, but some activity has
occurred northwest and southeast of the site. The severity of this activity ranged from Magnitudes
3 to 5 with a few quakes registering Magnitude 6, and one quake registering 7.0 (TMI, 1997).

Regional geology

The Property is located in the Bolivian Cordillera Oriental, a range of the Andes Mountains on the
eastern edge of the Altiplano region. Regionally the area is characterized by a Palaeozoic to
Mesozoic fold and thrust belt containing lower Palaeozoic- to Mesozoic-age shales and sandstones
that have undergone weak regional metamorphism to argillites and quartzites. Broad, linear, and
north-northwest trending open folds are characteristic of this belt of rocks. Thrust faulting sub-
parallel to fold axes is common, and minor crossfaults are present.

Tertiary intrusive rocks, with a radius of approximately 35 kilometres, encircle Amayapampa.

Dacites and rhyodacites outcrop to the west-northwest (Llallagua). Dacite and rhyodacite domes
are found to the eastsoutheast (Colquechaca). See Figure 7.1.

Local geology The older rocks represented by the Ordovician sequence, are comprised of
sandstones, mudstones, siltstones, micaceous siltstones, quartzites, and shales (the Anzaldo,
Amutara and Tocochi formations). The younger rocks of Silurian age are comprised of diamictites,
sandstones, siltstones, and quartzites (the Cancañiri), Llallagua and Catavi formations.

Gold and antimony mineralization are spatially associated with each other, and are localized along
structural zones in the argillites and quartzites. Several gold-antimony mineralized systems occur in
a belt some 15 kilometres long and five kilometres wide. The deposits, including Amayapampa, are
hosted in shales and sandstones of the Upper Ordovician Amatura Formation and are generally
located on sheared anticlinal structures. The gold mineralization hosted by these structural zones
that include quartz veins and stockworks, is associated with disseminated pyrite, arsenopyrite and
minor chalcopyrite.

Property geology

General description

The Amayapampa deposit lies close to the axis of a northwest trending overturned anticlinal fold of
east vergence in the Ordovician-age Amutara Formation, which is composed of black argillites with
minor interbeds of lighter-coloured quartzite and siltite. The black argillite is commonly thin bedded
with lighter coloured interbedded layers of siltstone. The black character of the rocks is due to finely
disseminated carbon as a primary mineral constituent. The rocks are almost entirely composed of
very-fine grained siliceous material; the only carbonate present occurs as late veinlets. Bedding dips
are steep at 60° to 80° west, with the east limb of the anticline being overturned and also dipping
steeply west as shown in the schematic cross-section in Figure 7.2, which is a view looking north.
Figure 7.1 Amayapampa regional geology
 Figure 7. 2 Cross-section showing deposit geology

On the ridge immediately east of the deposit, a fault contact puts sandstone / quartzite of the
Ordovician-age Tokochi Formation in contact with the Amutara Formation. Farther east, diamictites
of the Silurian-age Cancaniri Formation form east-dipping slopes down to the level of the
Wirquicocha Adit at the main drainage (Río Khullka). At the adit, the rocks are part of the Silurian-
age Llallagua Formation composed of massive greywackes and interbedded quartzites.

The mineralized envelope is best described as a structural zone, within which quartz vein sets were
emplaced along a preferential fracture direction. A detailed structural analysis of the deposit
geology identified some five separate deformation events, the first being regional folding, and the
remaining four being semiductile to brittle fracturing along the east limb of the anticlinal axis, but
at a slight angle to the bedding. Individual events are difficult to identify separately, and are thus
lumped into the broader definition of a zone of shearing and open fractures. Most faults, shears and
fractures are north-northeast to northnorthwest trending and steeply dipping, both to the east and
west, at 60° to 90°. Quartz veins predominantly dip steeply east. In Figure 7.3, a set of quartz veins
are shown in a photograph looking south which was taken underground.
 Figure 7.3 Quartz Veining in argillites

Mineralization

Adapted from RPA 2004 and Steve King’s report 2010.

The gold mineralization is composed of quartz veins and sulphides, and both constitute a visual
guide to mineralization. Quartz veins are considered pre-mineralization, but are a locus for later
gold mineralization. Brittle sandstone and siltstone beds within the argillites appear to be favourable
for the development of quartz and pyrite veins. Multiple vein sets are present in the overall
mineralized envelope, and veins commonly pinch and swell along strike and down dip. Vein quartz
is white, medium-crystalline "bull quartz" without evidence of banding or other textures typical of
epithermal veins. Since quartz veins are early in the paragenetic history, later structural deformation
created fracturing within the quartz. The total volume-percent of quartz veins within the overall
mineralized zone is approximately 10%, although locally, vein quartz can be as much as 30% by
volume. Quartz-vein breccias and stockworks, although present, are of limited extent, and are not
an important part of the mineralization.

Five types of veins have been differentiated and may reflect more than one mineralising event:

Type I – Regular quartz-siderite-pyrite mineralization that are the main structures historically mined.
These veins are fractured and oxidized and have good continuity with little dip variation. Thickness
varies from a few centimetres to 2 metres with an average of 15 centimetres. These veins occur in
east dipping discontinuities with little offset.

Type II – Stockwork-style, closely spaced milky quartz veins generally vertical to steeply east dipping.
Most veins are thin (1-8 centimetres) but some lenses up to 3 metres wide are present. The veins
are weakly oxidized with sericite on the margins with variable amounts of fine grained, dark pyrite.
Historically these veins have not been systematically exploited but assays show they often contain
good gold grades.
Type III – Bedding-parallel veining related to west dipping bedding parallel shears. These veins are
partly contemporaneous with Types I and II as they can be seen linking into them. Sampling and old
workings indicate that good gold values are associated with these shear hosted veins.

Type IV – These are structurally similar to Type I but are found on all sides of the mine, however,
they have a greater percentage of siderite and less pyrite and much lower gold. Chalcopyrite is
occasionally observed in these veins. They seem to form a halo around the main zone of
mineralization.

Type V – Siderite rich, E-W striking, vertical or steeply south-dipping. These veins are thin (1-5
centimetres) and planar and vary little in size and dip where observed underground. However, a
quartz blow at surface, east of the mineralized zone and up to 2 metres wide, is thought to be related
to this set. These veins generally post-date the first four types, however, in one case stockwork Type
II veins were observed to cross-cut a Type V set. Sampling suggests that Type V veins have little gold
associated with them.

These carbonatic veins (iron carbonate - FeCO3) are present within and commonly peripheral to
gold mineralization. Zones of carbonate veining peripheral to ore represent potential buffering
material to counter acid generation in waste-rocks.

Hydrothermal fluids travelled along the multiple fractures and deposited predominantly pyrite
mineralization within and adjacent to quartz veins, as sulphide veinlets in the host rocks, and as
clots of coarse sulphides and disseminations of sulphide grains along fractures in the black argillites.
Locally, sulphide disseminations are more prevalent in the quartzite / siltite inter-beds. The total
sulphide concentration for the overall mineralized zone is estimated at three to five percent.

Petrographic examination of the sulphide mineralization shows the pyrite content is >95% of the
total sulphides, which includes arsenopyrite and minor amounts of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena,
stibnite, and tetrahedrite. There is no antimony directly associated with the gold mineralization.
Gold is present as free gold in association with pyrite, on fractures within pyrite, and attached to
the surface of pyrite, and is often visible as discrete grains on fractures in quartz and argillite. Gold
grains visible in polished sections of rock samples and in table concentrates, produced when the
mine was in operation, exhibit a large size-range, with much of the gold being relatively coarse at
40 to 180 microns. All gold grains display irregular shapes with large surface areas. No gold was
encapsulated in either quartz or sulphide mineralization. The content of gold grains was verified as
over 97% gold by scanning-electron-microprobe analysis.

Alteration is limited to pyrite and sericite adjacent to quartz-sulphide veins although local silica
flooding was noticed in some mineralized sections.

A zone of gold - antimony mineralization, located 150 metres south of the proposed open pit,
consisting of stibnite and pyrite in association with quartz veins, is sub-parallel to, and southwest
of, the gold deposit. RGL conducted some cleaning and re-opening the old underground works in
this area called San Carlos and conducted some mapping and sampling. The initial first sampling in
the dumps of all the underground workings in this zone, which was carried out by Da Capo in the
1990’s, shows values for antimony in the order of 2-5 % Sb and gold values up to 10 g/t Au. This
gold-antimony relationship may be part of a deposit scale mineral zoning, as the association is
repeated elsewhere in the region.
Another zone with good mineralization is the historic Luko tin area, located 1.7 kilometres north of
the proposed open pit. RGL re-opened some old underground workings that exist in this area with
first assays and volumetric recovery tests in veins and old fill material producing rough concentrates
of 35 to 40% Sn.

Deposit types

The gold mineralization is typical of a Turbidide-hosted gold vein deposit. Turbidite-hosted gold vein
deposits are characterized by gold-quartz veins, segregations, lodes and sheeted zones hosted by
fractures, faults, folds and openings in anticlines, synclines and along bedding planes in turbidites
and associated poorly sorted clastic sedimentary rocks (McMillan, 1996).

Host rocks are predominantly greywackes, siliceous wackes, shales and carbonaceous shales.
Metamorphic grade is generally greenschist, but may reach amphibolite rank.

Typically deposits are composed of multiple quartz veins up to a few metres in width that are
commonly stratabound (either concordant or discordant), bedding-parallel, or discordant, and
parallel to fold axial planes. Veins are variably deformed and occur as single strands, as sheeted
arrays or as stockworks. Bedding-parallel veins within anticlines and synclines in the Bendigo-
Ballarat (Australia), and Meguma (Nova Scotia, Canada), districts are commonly called saddle reefs
or saddle troughs.

The age of mineralization can be Archean to Tertiary; the Bendigo and Meguma districts are
underlain by Early Paleozoic strata. The veins are generally considered to be related to later
deformational event.

Gold mineralization is typically associated with variably elevated silver, antimony, and tungsten.

A section showing the schematic structural setting of quartz reef types in the Bendigo Goldfield is
shown below as Figure 8.1. This has been taken from the Bendigo Mining, (now Unity Mining)
website.
Figure 8.1 Structural setting of quartz reef types in the Bendigo Goldfield