Castellania (Valletta)

Castellania (Valletta) - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Castellania_(Valletta)
Coordinates: 35°53′48″N 14°30′45″E
Castellania (Valletta)
The Castellania (Maltese: Il-Kastellanija; Italian: La
Castellania
Castellania), also known as the Castellania Palace
(Maltese: Il-Palazz Kastellanja; Italian: Palazzo
Kastellanja, Kastellanija,
Kistlanija, Klistanija, Chistlania
Castellania), is a former courthouse and prison in Valletta,
Malta. It was built by the Order of St. John between 1757[a]
and 1760, on the site of an earlier courthouse which had
been built in 1572.
The building was built in the Baroque style to design of the

architect Francesco Zerafa, and completed by Giuseppe
Bonici. It is a prominent building in Merchants Street,
having an ornate façade with an elaborate marble
centrepiece. Features of the interior include former court
halls, a chapel, prison cells, a statue of Lady Justice at the
main staircase and an ornate fountain in the courtyard.
From the late 18th to the early 19th century, the building
was also known by a number of names, including the
Palazzo del Tribunale, the Palais de Justice and the Gran
Corte della Valletta. By the mid-19th century the building
was deemed too small, and the courts were gradually
moved to Auberge d'Auvergne between 1840 and 1853. The
Castellania was then abandoned, before being briefly
converted into an exhibition centre, a tenant house and a
The main façade of the Castellania in 2018
school.
In 1895, the building was converted into the head office of

the Public Health Department. The department was
eventually succeeded by Malta's health ministry (currently
known as the Ministry for Health, the Elderly and
Community Care), which is still housed in the Castellania.
The building's ground floor contains a number of shops,
while the belongings of Sir Themistocles Zammit's
laboratory are now housed at the second floor and is open
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
to the public by appointment as The Brucellosis Museum.
Former names Gran Corte della
Castellania (many
variants)
Contents Gran Corte della
History Valletta
Institution Palais de Justice
Composition Palace/Courts of
From Birgu to Valletta Justice
Palazzo di Giustizia
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Castellania (Valletta) - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castellania_(Valletta)
Construction Palazzo della

Castellania
Courthouse
Order of St John Palazzo del Tribunale
French Republic Castellany
British protectorate Alternative names Palazzo Castellania
British colony Castellania Palace
Language Châtellenie
Prison
General information
Other uses
Status Intact
Later and present use
Mess Type Courthouse
Exhibition centre Architectural style Baroque
Division into three parts
Location Valletta, Malta
Department and Ministry for Health
Address No. 11–19, Merchants
Architecture
Street, Valletta, VLT
Exterior
Interior 1171
Architecture and cultural heritage Coordinates 35°53′48″N 14°30′45″E
Legacy Current tenants Ministry for Health, the
Commemorative coins Elderly and Community
See also Care
Notes Construction started 1757[a]
References Opened 1760
Further reading
Owner Government of Malta
External links
Technical details
Material Limestone (façade
History decorated with Carrara
marble)
Floor count 2
Institution
Design and construction
The Magna Curia Castellania (Italian: Gran Corte della
Architect Francesco Zerafa
Castellania; English: High Court of the Castellania[2]), was (Giuseppe Bonici
the courts and tribunals during the rule of the Order of St. completed the
John.[3][4] The institution was founded for the first time in building)[1]
Palestine in 1186,[5] then established in Rhodes[6] when it
became known as Pragmaticæ Rhodiæ, and remained active there until
the expulsion of the Order from the island in 1522.[7][8]
The institution was established in Malta after the arrival of the Order
on 5 September 1533,[9] during the magistracy of Grandmaster Philippe
de L'Isle-Adam[10][11] and it is sometimes distinguishably known as the
Magnæ Curiæ Castellaniæ Melitensis.[12][13][14] Johannes Quintinus
was given responsibility to prepare the first set of laws for Malta, which
were later established by the Grand Master.[15] The institution followed
A prison cell in the Castellania
the Sicilian legal system,[10][16] known as the Ritus Magnæ Curiæ
Siciliæ,[17] and was headed by a Castellan who was a knight of the
Order.[18][19][20] He was ceremonially always followed by a page boy carrying a rod on a cushion when walking in
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public, with the rod symbolising his position, earning him the nickname captain of the rod.[21][22]
Composition
The institution included two judges, one for the civil court and one for the criminal court.[6][23][15] In the same
building were the Office and Court of Appeals.[24] The judges of the Castellania were native Maltese and dealt with
cases that took place in the district of Valletta, Floriana and the Three Cities.[25][26][22] Other districts, such as those
under the courts of Mdina and Rabat, followed the same model and had to adopt decisions taken at the
Castellania.[27] On three days per week, the Fiscal Prosecutor brought cases before the judges.[28] A Head Notary
liaised for decisions taken by the institution.[29] There was a Cancelliere, who was responsible for receiving and
preserving judicial acts, registering the sentences meted out by the judges and supervising the other workers in the
courts.[30] There was a Gran Visconte (the Chief of police)[31][32] who coordinated the police,[33] and the Capitani di
notte who implemented the sentences. Other workers included an official who saw that prisoners were treated
fairly, those who were responsible for the archives and advocates for legal aid.[6][34] Advocates were generally
Italian-speaking Maltese, as most knights and foreigners considered the position as for the inferior people.[35] A
report was drafted weekly and sent to the palace of the Grand Master, informing about occurrences presented to
the Castellania.[36]
The Castellania was the supreme court of justice of the islands,[37][38][39] hence called Gran Corte or the variants in
legal documents.[40][41] The Grand Master had the absolute power to preside over the institution.[37] The Papacy
quarreled for a superior decision,[42] such as when there was conflict with the court of the Bishop,[43] but citing
sovereignty of the princely Grand Master it was never conceded.[44][45] The Castellania originally had decision over
every aspect of life, including public morality and religion, but having the Islands been visited by an official of the
Holy See in the 16th century and found lack of enforcement by the knights in religious aspects, the Inquisition was
established.[46] With the presence of the Inquisition, the Holy See considered Malta similar to a colony,[47] but
through the Castellania the Order kept rigid control and sovereignty over Malta.[48] Though the Inquisition had the
power to issue a death penalty in cases related to religion, such as heresy, fornication and sodomy, it generally left
it at the discretion of the Castellania.[49] Religious monks, including the Bishop of Malta, were not to be subject of
decisions taken by the Castellania but there were instances of having to make exceptions as per offense to the
state.[50]
In its time, the Castellania was considered to be a secular court[51] and treated people with more equity; religious
courts in Malta under Roman Catholicism would refer to non-Christians and people with diverse abilities as
creatures, because of their "imperfection", whereas the Castellania considered all people as humans.[52] However
the Castellania distinguished the non-Christians by considering all others as aliens of which difference also has had
negative impact in terms of equality before the law.[53] Women had same rights as men to institute for court
action.[54] In military context the knights were not subject to the Castellania, and were instead prosecuted at the
Military Tribunal (Tribunale Militare), however it received assistance from the higher hierarchy of the Castellania
such as from the judge of the criminal court.[55][56] The law was amended with the issue of a Bando by the Grand
Master.[57]
From Birgu to Valletta

The courts and tribunals were initially housed in a building in Birgu.[58][59][60] After the Order moved their
headquarters to Valletta, the Castellania was moved as well.[37][61] It was initially housed inconveniently in Strada
Stretta, at the back of the Treasury of the Order, in a building belonging to Bailiff Bandinelli. It was sometimes
known as baglio, an Italian architectural reference to courthouses, or Tribunale della Giustizzia. Grand Master
Jean de la Cassière bought the present site of the Castellania in Valletta for the courts to have an adequate
location.[62] Meanwhile, the original Castellania in Birgu was converted into the Inquisitor's Palace in 1574.[63]
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[64][65] The building of a Castellania was made in the original plans of Valletta.[66][67][68] One of the plans for the
Castellania was also to be built within the reserved area of the auberges of the knights, known as the Collacchio,
but limiting access to a vast area in Valletta was found to be unpractical and the initiative was abandoned.[69][70][71]
The first purposely built Castellania in Valletta was built in 1572 by la Cassière,[16][72][73] and was likely designed by
Girolamo Cassar, similar to other Valletta buildings of the late 16th century.[74] The building had a military
appearance, with the corners designed with massive quoins, typical of Cassar.[70][75] The Castellania made use of a
bell, became popularly known as the ruffiana, to convey messages to the people and inform about an event.[76][77]
A chapel was located in the building for the spiritual services of prisoners.[78] Similar to other prominent buildings,
the Castellania was provided with water within its courtyard by connection to the Wignacourt Aqueduct.[79] In
1646, Pierre Garsin was commissioned to execute works within the prison section of the first Castellania which
constituted of works on the walls that were examined to be in a state close to collapse.[80]
The Magistrato degli Almamenti[44] or Tribunale degli Armamenti, founded by Grand Master Wignacourt, was
initially housed in the first Castellania building but moved to a separate location during the rule of Grand Master
Perellos,[81] who had established the Consolato del Mare in 1697.[44] The first Castellania of Valletta was
demolished in the mid-18th century on orders of Grand Master Manuel Pinto da Fonseca,[82][83] as he despised its
austere architecture and wanted a symbolic building of his absolutism.[84] Pinto continued on similar steps of his
predecessor, Grand Master Wignacourt, by taking several initiatives and make stately projects, and a new
Castellania was one of the main prospects.[85]
There are claims based on word of mouth that in the 18th century the courts and tribunals were housed at 254, St.
Paul's Street (now known as Europe House, and occupied by the offices of the European Commission and the
European Parliament), plausibly between 1757 and 1760, however this is considered as a hearsay.[86]
Construction
A new Baroque building was constructed on site of the first
Castellania[87][88][89] by Pinto, creating significant employment as he
had hoped for,[90][91][92] with works commencing in 1757.[93][a]
Throughout the course of construction, prisoners were held in a tower
near Valletta's Porta Reale,[99][100] probably the tower of Saint James
Cavalier.[99][101] The new Castellania was built to a design by the
architect Francesco Zerafa,[102][103][104] but he died during its
construction, and was completed by the architect Giuseppe Bonici.
[98][105][106] Zerafa is accredited for the main design, and for the
subjected building he has post mortem established himself as a
Inscription commemorating the respected architect.[107] The edifice was completed in 1760,[108][109] and
reconstruction of the Castellania
saw the last finishes in October of that year, after which on 23 of that
month was able to accommodate its intended functions.[110] The chapel
was consecrated on 15 November of that year, which also marked the official inauguration.[99][31][111] As a general
rule, by the Officio delle Case (Officium Commissariorum Domorum), the buildings in Valletta were required to be
ready within three-years period from start to completion.[70] The Castellania was built in conformity with the
Officio delle Case.[112] The prisoners were transferred to the new prison three days later, on 18 November
1760.[99][113]
Local hard limestone was used for construction, however the main portico was decorated with Carrara marble.[114]
Some of the marble used was cannibalized from the ruins of the Temple of Proserpina, an ancient Roman temple
in Mtarfa which had been discovered in 1613.[115][116][117][118] A craftsman who worked on the decorative sculpture
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of the Castellania's façade’s central-piece[119] and chapel was Maestro Gian or Giovanni, known as Puglisi, a
Neapolitan buonavoglia (a rower on the galleys[120][121][122]).[95][99] He would become the first man to be convicted
of murder and sentenced to death by hanging in the new Castellania on 15 December 1760.[123][124] With the
remodelling of the edifice, Pinto has ubiquitous besprinkle[125] his heraldic symbolic couchant crescents,[126] in the
interior and exterior of the architecture of the building, to convey a message of his absolutism and opulence.
[126][127] Sometimes after its completion, artist Tiepolo Favray took record of the notorious building.[128]
Disseminated information among European monarchies compared it to be of proportionate to the expectations of
the most powerful nations.[129]
Courthouse
During the 18th century, by hosting the courts and the tribunals, it was known as the Corte della Castellania (or
the variants) and sometimes as the Palazzo del Tribunale.[130][131][132] Among the common public was, however,
simply known as the Court of the Grandmaster,[133][134][135] probably to simply distinguish it from the courts of
the inquisition and of the Bishop.[43]
Some judges of the Castellania, such as Vincenzo Bonavita (1752-1829), served during four different periods being
the Order of St John, the French Republic, during the British Protectorate and the under the British Empire.
[136][137]
Order of St John
Civil and criminal cases commenced after its completion, as was
intended.[138] Conflict between the court of the Grand Master and that
the court of the Bishop was a common issue during the reign of Pinto.
The Bishop of Malta continuously lobbied against sentences by the
Castellania when the accused is a monk. Several instances went as far
as Rome to be settled. Pinto believed that it was justified to take a
decision when state interest is threatened.[50]
Homosexual practice was punishable by death by the Castellania.[78] In

an uncommon case heard in 1774 was when an intersex person, 17-
year-old Rosa Mifsud from Luqa, petitioned for a sex change by
wearing as a man,[139] instead of the female clothing worn ever since
born.[140] Two medical experts were appointed by the court to perform
an examination.[139][140] This case gives detail of the use of experts in
the field, similar to the late modern period.[140] The examiners were the
Interior of the Castellania
Physician-in-Chief (during the British period was replaced by the Chief
Government Medical Officer[141]) and a senior surgeon, both working
at the Sacra Infermeria.[140] The Grandmaster took the decision for Mifsud to wear only men clothes from then
on.[139] The decision was taken to the court of appeals, which appointed other seven medical experts that agreed
with the observations of the previous two experts.[140][142]
Following the Rising of the Priests in 1775, three of the rebellion's leaders were executed without receiving fair
trial. The death penalty was signed by the Castellano under the orders of Grand Master Francisco Ximenes de
Texada.[16][143] Prior to judgement, some of the rebellions were locked up in the secretive prisons near the
courtroom of the Castallania, some at the Castellania dungeons, and in other Valletta buildings.[101][144] All those
arrested were recorded on the Libro del Carcerati Della Magna Curia Castellania. Among them was Gaetano
Mannarino, the leader of the rebellion.[101][145] Some of them were condemned to death by strangulation in the
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dungeons of the Castellania.[146][147] The whole process went against the conformity of the courts in Malta as the
priests were not to be subjected to the Castellania but to the court of the Bishop.[146][143][148] Ximenes died a
natural death within weeks after the sentences, with some locals believing it was a divine providence for his
merciless judgement against the clergy.[149]
In 1777, Grand Master Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc introduced the Supremum Justitiæ Magistratum (Collegiate
Tribunal of the Jury's Supreme Magistrate) in order to establish more separation of powers in judicial
decisions.[150] Giandonato Rogadeo, an eminent European jurist, was requested to come to Malta in 1781 by de
Rohan to address issues related to common law.[151] Rogadeo went on to author the Diritto Municipale, between
the year of his arrival and 1784, a law book to be used for the Castellania.[17][55][152] During his stay in Malta, he
further observed that it was not the law which was just problematic but also the judges and advocates which were
corrupt.[151][17] His work was opposed by the advocates and judges, with Baron Gaetano Pisani and Judge Gio
Nicoló Muscat anonymously publishing works in Rome in 1783 to challenge it and aiming to keep the status quo
which had limited considerations.[153] It became the primarily Maltese law of the Code de Rohan, a humane set of
laws, which brought significant reformation to criminal law.[33] The Code incorporated previous laws introduced
from former Grand Masters with a more liberal approach. It also set standard regulations for advocates, with some
flexibility.[154] It was subsequently amended with the use of bandi.[33] The Diritto Municipale was abolished in
1854, during the British period, and replaced by a more lenient Criminal Code.[155] During his magistracy, Grand
Master de Rohan sentenced the Castellan, allegedly for practicing conflict of interest considering his position, to a
life in prison but was allowed to escape and lived in exile.[156]
Giuseppe Elia Pace, an advocate and close friend of Mikiel Anton Vassalli, was found guilty of treason during the
reign of de Rohan and was sentenced for flogging in Valletta followed by a permanent exile out of Malta.[157][158]
Vassalli was imprisoned at the Klistanija at the end of the rule of the Order of St. John, and was accused of plotting
revolutionary ideas during the magistracy of Grand Master Hompesch. Vassalli denied the accusations and
remained imprisoned. Meanwhile, he received visits from the father of Fortunato Panzavecchia. While dining
together around a table with prison guards, Panzavecchia took notes from conversations he had with Vassalli.
These notes shed more light on the life of Vassalli, who after his death became the national Maltese linguistic.[159]
Though given a life sentence, he either managed to escape or was released after the expulsion of the Order from
Malta.[160][161]
French Republic
Malta was invaded by the French First Republic in June 1798, and the Order was expelled from the island,
resulting in the French occupation of Malta.[61] Grand Master Hompesch was pressured to capitulate, as the
Maltese nobility and the Magistrate of the Castellania, together with influential and high ranking figures made it
clear to the Fiscal of the Castellania that, unless he surrenders, those resisting the French would have to
simultaneously face an internal revolution.[162] The French reformed the legal system with the country being
divided into provinces for roughly each 3,000 inhabitants, all with their own Justice of Peace.[163] Corporal
punishment, which was leniently used at the end of the rule of the Order of St John, was officially abolished by the
French.[164]
The institution of the Castellania was replaced by the Tribunale Provisorio and the Tribunale Civile di
Prim'Instanza.[165] The post of Castellano was abolished, and judges were nominated by the Commission de
Gouvernement. During the years of French occupation, the building was known as the Palais de Justice.[16] Not
less than three full cases of silver secured at the Castellania, were taken by the French on November 8, 1798, and
were melted to create coins to remunerate the Jacobins. It was one of a series of similar reasons that consequently
triggered a Maltese revolt.[166] The French law system did not last enough to influence the Maltese courts at the
time.[167]
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British protectorate
After a successful Maltese uprising against French rule, in 1800 Malta became a British protectorate,[16][168] with
the Castellania becoming known as the Gran Corte della Valletta.[165] It was amongst the first public institutions
to be reestablished.[169] The documents of the Tribunale della Gran Corte della Castellania were given by
Government Alexander Ball to the Gran Corte Vescovile (Court of the Bishop) with other documents of the church
and the Inquisition at the request of the ecclesiastic authorities. Apart from those of the Court of the Bishop, the
others (including those of the Castellania) were all found to be irrelevant to the church and were transferred to the
Palace of the Inquisition in Birgu.[170] In February 1806, Ball gave instrcutions to presumably guarantee
independence of the Judiciary, whereas the Judges could not be removed at a simple request, and legal persons
would not be threatened to be jailed if they disagree with signing legal documents.[171] At the request of the
Maltese National Congress, the law was once again reformed to the ancient rights and the Code De Rohan.[168][172]
Vassalli was imprisoned again during the siege,[159] and was kept at the Castellania from 16 September
1800[173][174] until he was exiled during the British Protectorate on 15 January 1801.[175][176] While in jail at the
Castellania, Vassalli read in Arabic, and vocally translated to Maltese, passages of the Quran to other inmates
among him. The Quran, with a leather cover, was discovered when Vassalli had a spot check by the British in the
whereabouts of Porta Reale.[159]
British colony
Maltese courts became British subject on 5 October 1813, months before the Treaty of Paris of 1814, when Malta
became a Crown colony.[168]
Similar to other public buildings, the Castellania was closed down during the plague outbreak of 1813–14, and it
was only used for emergency cases relating to the plague itself.[16][177] Two people were sentenced to death for not
revealing themselves of being infected of plaque to relevant authorities and putting at risk the people around them.
Both were fired by squad to death outside the courthouse in the street.[178] When the plague ended, the Castellania
was once again used as a courthouse and gaol for accused who were still awaiting trial.[179]
Under Governor Thomas Maitland, the British adopted a codification of a mixed system of Civil Law, which
included Roman Law, Code Napoléon and continental law.[168] Crown Advocate Adrian Dingli was trusted with the
task of reforms.[168][180] These reforms remain the basic of Maltese law today.[168] By 1814 all forms of torture were
abolished, however any freedom possibly leading to a revolt could be suppressed with physical force.[33][181]
In the early 19th century the building housed the Vice-Admiral Court.[182]
Language
Tuscan Italian, and to some extant Latin,[183][184] was used as the main functioning language of the courts
throughout the periods of the knights,[185] French occupation, British periods, until at least 1879 when the courts
had already moved out of the building.[186][187]
Though Maltese has always remained in use throughout the Knights period among all classes of society, the
Councillor of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice Francesco Saverio Farrugia implied that Italian was considered as
the maternal language which connects the country with the rest of Europe.[188] The French language was
established as the sole official language during the French occupation, however an exception was given to the
courts as Italian prevailed for legal jargon.[187] Efforts by the British to use English during the protectorate and the
early colonisation of Malta failed, mostly due to the resistance by the minority educated class.[189] The supreme
court proceedings were suggested to take place with the use of English, to encourage the study and use of English
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by judges and lawyers, but the efforts were futile.[186][190] Both during the French occupation and English period,
the supreme court decisions were published in Italian and the other preferred language of the government; French
during the French period and English during the British periods.[186][187] The Maltese language was never
discussed to be used at the courts, when housed in the Castellania.[186][191] However, some documents presented to
the courts were sometimes written with Italian and a mix of Sicilian or Maltese words.[192] The language question
was not solved until the 20th century, when the building had for long changed purpose.[193]
Prison
Apart from a courthouse,[194][195] the Castellania also served as a prison where suspects and convicts were
imprisoned.[16] It was common to restrain political prisoners by locking them in the secure prison of the
Castellania during the magistracy of the Order of St John.[156]
Other uses
While the Castellania was in use as a courthouse and a prison, parts of the building were also used for a number of
other purposes. The Castellan resided in an apartment in the same Castellania.[19][196] The building hosted the
Chamber of Commerce and the sittings of the Consulato del Mare in the eighteenth century, which were next to
each other.[197] It also housed the Monte di Sant'Anna until 1773,[31] a decision taken by Grand Master
Ximenes.[198]
Individuals or groups could petition at the Castellania through a supplicha; common cases were from practitioners
needing a license to perform their occupation[3][199] and the poor requesting social benefits.[200] For such purposes
and other, the Castellania and related tribunals employed the largest number of clerks. At one point, the working
environment of the clerks had no standard working hours and their outcome received country-wide criticism; this
resulted in counter petitions, with the clients requesting efficient service in less waiting time and the clerks
requesting increase in wages. By 1780 a bando was introduced to address these issues.[201] Clerks were not
required to be Maltese, but had to be fluent in Italian which appealed to Sicilians.[202]
Sea vessels were required by law to register at the Castellania to operate in Maltese waters and each had to pay a
minimum ten grani, depending on the size of the vessel and its purpose.[203] With the Registri Patentarum, the
Castellania issued legal patents for galleys to travel from the port of Valletta to other ports and vice versa. The
patents gave details subject to health inspections which included the names of the merchants and the description
of the belongings for trade.[204] Those galleys coming from non-European ports or from places subjected to
possible disease were withheld in quarantine for days and only given permission to mix with the rest of the people
once a Pratica was issued by the Commission of Public Health.[205] The Clean Bill of Health continued to be issued
and gradually reformed during the British period, under the supervision of the Chief Medical Officer.[206] The
Castellania imposed a charge for those not having health assurance and having to lodge at the Lazzaretto.[207]
Titles of nobility were required to be recognized by the Cancelleria and then registered at the Castellania.
[208][209][210] Most services at the edifice of the Castellania, such as court cases and office work, were against
payment which balanced the expenses of the institution.[211]
Francesco Rivarola, the commandant of the police,[212] had his office of the Deputy Inspector General of Executive
Police stationed within the Castellania[213][214] since 1814 when Malta was gradually adapting as a British
colony.[212] The police office vacated the premises in the 19th century and was moved to the Palace of the
Governor.[213][212] As published on the Malta Government Gazette, on 21 October 1829, Malta saw the
introduction of a jury system in cases related to murder.[215]
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Later and present use

The building was no longer regarded as being adequate to function as a courthouse by 1840, during the
Government of Sir Henry Bouverie, and that year the Civil Courts were moved to Auberge d'Auvergne.[111][216] The
courts of criminal jurisdiction and the office of the police were moved to the auberge in 1853.[217][218] The police
office fully moved out around 1860, as initial criminal proceedings were still addressed at the Castellania by that
year.[219] Court archives and registrations documents of the Castellania were relocated for safekeeping in the
auberge.[111]
Mess
By a Governor Ordinance No. 11 of 5 May 1852 the Castellania had to be converted into a military mess for the
Maltese Militia Force.[220] It is known to have been occupied by the military stationed in Valletta and Floriana by at
least 1854.[221][222]
Exhibition centre
The building later housed an exhibition centre.[141] Despite the efforts of originality in science subjects it failed to
attract crowds to sustain it.
Division into three parts

It was eventually split into three parts a tenants living quarters (Maltese: kerreja) in the former prison, a
Government High School for Girls in the former courthouse[141][223] and the Gas Office in the former police office.
The latter later served as the headquarters of the St. John Ambulance Association.[113]
Expand section[224]
Department and Ministry for Health

The building became the seat of the Chief Government Medical Officer
in 1885.[141][125] On 10 April 1895 Gerald Strickland transferred into
the building the head office of the Public Health Department,[31] which
in 1937 combined them as the Medical and Health Department.
[225][226][227]
Between 1904 and 1906, the Malta Fever Commission (MFC) worked in
the Castallania,[228][193] and on 14 June 1905 the physician Sir
Themistocles Zammit discovered the cause behind the Mediterranean
The Brucellosis Museum within the
fever (known also by various names) while working there.[229][230][231]
Castellania
The fever was first traced in Malta among British soldiers during the
French occupation of Malta.[232]
In June 1904, during the experiments, Zammit learned that a Maltese family of five members became
simultaneously ill after consuming fresh unpasteurized milk from goats.[233][234] Zammit decided to purchase
healthy goats and tested them,[235] and at one point also kept them on the first floor of the Castellania (then known
as the public health building or the variants). Zammit was successful in the discovery of the disease.[234][236] David
Bruce, who led the MFC, discouraged the experiments when proposed by Zammit.[235][237] However, when the
experiment concluded in the discovery, Bruce tried to discredit Zammit by taking the merit for himself.[234][237]
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Information about the role of Zammit was kept low profile or ignored.[234] The fever was renamed after Bruce, as
brucellosis.[238][239] The MFC managed to find cure and ways to eradicate the fever,[240] but had a hard time since
there was lack of cooperation with sellers and consumers of milk; some dismissing or ignoring the finding.[241] It
was under control by 1938, with the enforcement of standard procedures of pasteurizing milk.[242] However,
slaughtering of infected animals continued throughout the 20th century and there was another rising challenge for
the department in 1994 and 1995.[243]
The laboratory on the Castellania's second floor which was used by the
Malta Fever Commission was restored and converted into The
Brucellosis Museum in 1980, and it is now open to the public by
appointment.[244]
During WWII, the Health Department dealt with several contagious

illnesses due habits of people sharing buildings and war shelters.[245]
The buildings right next and in front of the Castellania were hit by air
bombings, but no direct or indirect war damage was reported to the
courthouse.[246]
Since the British period some of the prison cells were modified and
converted into government offices and at present still serve this
purpose.[247] Other parts of the Castellania's interior, including the
chapel and one of the prison cells, were restored in the 1990s.[95] The
restored cell appears on the front cover of the book Kissing the Restoration in process in September
Gallows: A Cultural History of Crime, Torture and Punishment in 2017
Malta, 1600–1798, authored by William Zammit.[248][76] There were
further plans to restore the façade in the late 1990s, but nothing
materialized.[249][250] The façade was again restored as part of a number of projects for Valletta 2018 – European
Capital of Culture.[251][252][253][254] A detailed study for the restoration of the façade took place, which gave the way
to call for a public tender, and work began in June 2017.[255] Works were completed in January 2018, in time for
Valletta's inauguration as European Capital of Culture.[256] Some sculpture of the façade have weathered or broke
off during the years but were faithfully reconstructed during the restoration.[257]
The building appears in a late 19th century photo, when the part on St. John Street was used to house the gas
office, and the shops of the time in Merchant's Street.[258] The photo forms part of the Richard Ellis collection, a set
of images named for the photographer.[259] The building appears in an early 20th century photo, with the
photograph named as Castellania (Old Court-House),[260] and appears on a British period postcard.[194] By the late
19th century, calesse drivers were required to register their vehicles at the Castellania and obtain number
plates.[261]
In the early 20th century unknown to everyone including his family, socialist patriot Manwel Dimech was
imprisoned by the British at the Castellania until a well planned forced exit from the country on 5 September 1914,
which took him in exile and never to come to Malta again.[262] A plaque in the whereabouts of the Victoria Gate,
where Dimech had to pass before boarding on a ship, commemorates the episode.[263] The imprisonment of
Dimech at the Castellania, and his exile abroad, is considered as a landmark injustice during the British period.[264]
Since 1921,[16] the building has housed Malta's Public Health Department, until 1998,[193][265][266] as a
consequence of the given Self-Government (1921–1934) after which a number of high-profile health decisions were
taken.[267][268] It was later decided to become the Ministry for Health,[269] which has been known by a number of
names throughout the years (currently Ministry for Health, the Elderly and Community Care).[16][270] The Ministry
has been operating at the Castellania, after moving out from Casa Leoni in Santa Venera, since October 7,
10 of 52 11/15/2018, 2:46 PM
1998.[271]
The ground floor hosts a number of shops[272] which were intended in the original design to generate
employment.[83] The rest of the building is not normally open to the public, except for some special occasions such
as the Notte Bianca.[273] The Richmond Foundation in Malta has used the Notte Bianca opportunity to disperse
information about psychiatric conditions by setting a stand at the Castellania.[274]
Since the 1990s on the feast of Saint Luke, at the discretion and budget of the Ministry, a reception is held at the
building were high ranking medical officials are invited for a gathering.[275] On 10 November 1995, the participants
of the Malta Lithium Symposium from 18 different nationalities were hosted at the Castellania by Minister for
Social Development, Louis Galea, to meet with government employees of different ministries and departments.[276]
In 2007, Minister Austin Gatt suggested the establishment of a museum of Maltese legal and political history in the
building, but nothing materialized.[277]
The Castellania serves as an authority for the permission of burials and the selling of government owned burial
sites. Related to the matter, on December 19, 2017, numerous people were given an appointment on the same day
which resulted into a dense crowd at the customer care section at the former prison’s courtyard of the Castellania.
Most clients were told to leave premises after being given another appointment.[278]
Architecture
It is common for prestigious buildings in Valletta, such as the Castellania, to be used as Government
Ministries.[279] The Castellania is an iconic building in the Maltese architecture identity.[280][281] It is a historical
and architectural landmark in Valletta, a World Heritage Site city.[282][283]
Exterior
The Castellania is considered as the masterpiece of architecture
projected by Grand Master Pinto,[93][284] being the most original intact
of secular High Baroque architecture[285][286][127] and a relic of the early
modern period, under the rule of the Order of St. John.[287] It has an
elaborate façade designed to be imposing,[288] of similar proportions to
an auberge,[126] and it is a prominent building in the area.[125][289][290]
It is two stories high,[291] being built on three sides of proportionate
courtyard in the centre.[98] Another small courtyard is found at the
backside, which is intended to give more natural light to the rear.[98]
Although the building has an asymmetrical plan, the main façade in
Merchants street is symmetrical.[292][293][294] The design prominently
includes sumptuous edges, spread over the exterior.[295]
The main façade includes a distinctive portal,[296] with a jotting out

symmetric triple concave,[297] and clustered pilasters,[291][75] of which The ornate marble centrepiece
features are typical of Sicilian Baroque.[99][298] Above the portico is a
cornice[291][297] and an iron-railed balcony which opens into the former
criminal hall.[291] Similar to other courts in Malta, the balcony was purposely used to read to the present public the
major verdicts and newly introduced bandi.[299] Heraldic crescents from Pinto's coat of arms decorate the main
portal,[83] and a commemorative plaque with the following inscription is found beneath the balcony.[300][301] It
reads:[31][94]
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DEO OPT. MAX.

EMMANUEL PINTO M.M. ET PRINCEPS
HUNC UTRIUSQUE JUSTITIÆ LOCUM
VETUSTATE PROPE LABENTEM,
AD TERROREM POTIUS, QUAM AD POENAM
A FUNDAMENTIS, ÆRE PROPRIO
ANNI FERE SPATIO
RENOVAVIT AUXIT,
ORNAVIT
MDCCLVIII
The balcony is topped by a niche consisting of allegorical figures of

Justice and Truth,[288][302][303] as well as triumphal sculptures of a
winged female figure and a putto.[123][291] Some parts of the sculptures,
such as the scales held by Lady Justice, are now missing.[292][293] The
empty spaces between these figures contained Pinto's bust and coat of
arms, but they were removed during the French occupation of Malta or
in the early 19th century.[272] It is not known how the bust of Pinto
looked like, however it may have been either sculpted similar to the
bust on the façade of Auberge de Castille or an original work. In either
case it was probably made of bronze, and stood on a marble plinth
which is still there. Similar to other busts of the time, it may have been
the work of Jacques Saly.[304] The triumphal figures are similar to those
found on the 17th century funerary monument of Nicolas Cotoner
sculpted by Domenico Guidi, but it is unknown who worked on the
replica of the Castellania.[305]
Side façade facing St. John's Street,
with the pillory on the right. Nelson's
The ground floor in Merchants Street was designed so as to house eight
Hook is also visible behind the
shops,[306] four on each side of the main doorway.[292][293] Each shop
railing.
has another room above, reached by an individual spiral staircase,
which space was intended as a home for the owners.[83] These rooms
above the shops have a window each, forming eight square windows on the façade, one above each entrance of a
shop.[291][292][293] The windows are decorated with the symbolic crescents of Pinto.[83] At one point, the space of
one of the shops was converted to become accessible from the main building to be used as offices for the Ministry
for Health.[307] On the same street, the first floor has the same number of windows however are larger and with
conspicuous window frames.[308]
The side façade along St. John's Street is not as ornate as the main façade, and it contains a set of wooden and
open balconies. The entrance to the Castellania's prison cells is located in the side façade.[76][292][293] A number of
shops are also found in this street, with differentiated elevation.[309]
The building's corner between Merchants and St. John's streets contains a prominent niche-like corner[112] with a
cylindrical pedestal at the bottom which is about 3 m (9.8 ft) high. This originally served as a pillory,[310] where
prisoners would stand on it one at a time,[223] and publicly humiliated.[287] This also served as public
entertainment, where anyone interested was allowed to throw foodstuff at the condemned such as throwing
tomatoes and eggs.[311] More serious offenders were whipped[198] or tortured using the corda at this pillory.
[292][293] The corda was a rope tide to a wooden beam above the pillory and the other end used to tie the hands of
the condemned who was lifted for torture.[312] According to Eric Brockman, slaves were those often exposed to
12 of 52 11/15/2018, 2:46 PM
public whipping at the corner.[181][313] However anybody was subject to the ill treatment, generally those who
committed repeated offenses.[314]
Torture remained a means to obtain information, including forced confession, by the civil courts throughout most
the eighteenth century despite it was opposed by the Bishop and by the Inquisitor.[315] The Castellania made
provisions to limit torture with the Code de Rohan were subject were not to be tormented more than an hour.[315]
Word of mouth has it that an individual would have his debt paid when a third person or group would offer to pay
it off if the bankrupt person undergoes the corda, serving as public entertainment.[223] Those condemned to death
often were subjected to endure torture and later hanged outside Valletta, in the whereabouts of the Bastion of St.
Jacob.[178] According to Louis de Boisgelin, the historian of the Order,[261] amid the last three days of the Maltese
carnival the locals used to recite a Roman tradition at the Castellany by dangling a stone above the pillory (instead
of a human) and hit it which symbolised a temporal halt of punishment during those days.[316][317][318]
An iron hook is affixed into the wall of the Castellania close to the pillory.[319] According to tradition, the hook
might have been used to lift the largest bell of the nearby Saint John's Co-Cathedral, but this is now regarded as
unlikely.[320] The hook was most probably used to secure prisoners to the Castellania's pillory.[321][322][323] At the
end of the rule of the Order of St John, Stefano Ittar drew a sketch of the building as it was at the time.[324] In
1803, Horatio Nelson allegedly passed through the hook in a dare, and the hook became known as Nelson's Hook
after the Battle of Trafalgar.[325] It became a tradition for Royal Navy sailors to bet and buy drinks for shipmates
who managed to pass through the hook.[326] Junior officers allegedly had a good chance of promotion if they
passed through the hook.[181][327][328] Brockman further claims that the hook was used to lift a cage at the pillory,
with a person condemned to stay inside for public ridicule, allegedly another type of public degradation.[181][313]
The hook by itself is a sought after landmark; it is often found marked on modern contemporary maps and
included on tourists booklets.[329]
Interior
The interior of the Castellania contains offices, court halls, a chapel and
prison cells.[179] A large allegorical statue representing Lady Justice[331]
or Astraea wearing a blindfold and holding weighing scales stands at
the staircase which lead to the former courtrooms.[95][332][333] The
statue stands on a pedestal, and its sculptor is unknown.[334] The
staircase is grandiose on its own.[335]
The most decorated room in the building is the Sala Nobile (Noble
Hall) on the first floor, which was originally a courthall,[336] and which
The former criminal court, originally
is now used as a meeting room.[273][337] Here the judge and the
known as the Aula Criminale della
nominated College of Advocates sat on a bench, which itself was a Gran Corte della Castellania.[330]
platform, wearing typical silk gown clothing of the period. The
advocates on the bench were nominated and removed at the discretion
of the Grand Master. When Malta was a British colony a similar short lived system was adopted, on 14 August
1832, known as the King's Counsel. The bench consisted of the Advocates of the King, and survived seven
years.[338] This room has coats-of-arms of the Castellani depicted on the upper side of the walls.[226][272] There are
105 coats-of-arms, belonging to the Castellani from 1609 to the last in 1798, after which the position was
abolished.[339]
An inscription, found on a cartouche, above the main door of the hall reads:[340]
HIC SUNT CAUSIDICI HIC ROSTRA
13 of 52 11/15/2018, 2:46 PM
HIC SUBSELLIA IUDIS

QUIS POSUIT. PINTI. ET PRINCIPIS
ÆQUUS AMOR
(meaning, Here are the law courts, the seat of lawyers and
pleaders, set up by Prince Pinto for his love of equity)
The chapel was dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows (also called the
Madonna di Pietà or Mater Dolorosa).[99][341] After being
deconsecrated in the late 19th century, the room was used for other
purposes,[226] and only the limestone frame, where used to be the
titular painting[342] which was retrieved during restoration works in
1991,[95] still remains from the chapel's original interior.[99] An ornate
fountain is located at the building's main courtyard,[272][343] above
which is a niche with a statue and above it an elaborate sculpture of the
coat-of-arms of Pinto.[344] Similar to the fountain of the first Castellania
on site, it was supplied by water from the aqueduct.[79]
A number of prison cells are found in the Castellania. The cells close to
the court rooms hosted new cases and also those awaiting execution.
[179][345] Several other cells are located at the rear of the building, and
they are surrounded by a courtyard.[272] These cells generally housed
Statue of Lady Justice at the inmates who had to serve a short sentence of less than eight
Castellania days,[345][346] usually due to unpaid rent or accumulated debts.[16]
Other convicts were those who refused to bake bread in Valletta which
were jailed for a roughly a week[199][347] and those found guilty of
stealing to eat despite their social situation which were imprisoned up to three months.[348] Women in Malta were
commonly arrested for the latter and other offenses;[349] in a 1776 criminal court case against Margerita Crocco
who supposedly stole a hen and which she claimed to have found it outside her home was not found credible in her
versions of events due to her suffering hunger and was sentenced to three months in the prison of the same
courthouse.[350] In some cases, individuals were imprisoned for not observing religious norms, such as eating meat
on prohibited days.[134] Prisoners with longer sentences were usually sent to other prisons, usually the Gran
Prigione,[345][346] and if in physical capability were subject to be sent to the galleys.[42] Medical physicians were
requested to visit the inmates in the prison when needed for multiple reasons related to their health and
examinations.[134] There were attempts to re-criminalize gambling during the late magistracy of Pinto as such
activity led to undesirable financial consequences to participants but the widespread practice was instead strictly
regulated, on fears that if banned it may be of benefit to the underground community.[351]
The minor inmates at the Castellania were the ones who took care of the general maintenance, cleaning and repair
works of the building, while guards were responsible for the allocation of tasks and observing their
performance.[352] Some historical graffiti made by prisoners can be found at the courtyard of the prison.[272][353]
Significant graffiti are also found in one of the most secure cells upstairs.[354] At the underground are the
dungeons, which are described as an unpleasant place to stay.[355] By the early 19th century, arrested females
awaiting a court decision started to be sent to the women prison at Corradino (now a police station) rather than
accommodated at the Castellania.[356]
The building has a direct passage to a WWII air-raid shelter from a small room at the small courtyard, which was
excavated in the early 20th century.[357]
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Architecture and cultural heritage

The building was included on the Antiquities List of 1925, as La Castellania.[358][359] It has been a Grade 1
scheduled property since 1992,[272][359] and it is listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the
Maltese Islands.[360][361] The court documents, of the Magna Curia Castellania (MCC), are now stored and
conserved at the Banca Giuratale in Mdina.[362] The documents form part of the National Archives of Malta and
are used by historians as primary sources to research about Malta during the knights of St. John.[363][364][365] The
archives of the Acta Originalia of the Magna Curia Castellania (AOM) include 1,411 volumes, dating from the
early years of the rule of the knights.[366]
Legacy
The building was colloquially referred to in Maltese as il-Kistlanija[367][368] (yl Klystlani'a).[369] It inspired the
saying għandu wiċċ l-għatba tal-Kistlanija, which is translated as "he has the face of the Castellania's doorstep".
This referred to a shameless person showing few or no expressions.[370][371] The expression Castellania's doorstep
was also used to imply equality in the application of law.[372]
Commemorative coins
La Castellania was depicted on two commemorative coins minted in 2009 by the Central Bank of Malta.
[373][374][375] The coins show part of the building's façade on the reverse and the coat of arms of Malta on the
obverse.[289][376][377][378]
See also
Diritto Municipale[379]
Notes
a. Some sources claim that construction, or at least the plans, began in 1748.[94][95][70][96][97][98]
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Further reading
Spiteri, Mevrick; Borg, Daniel (2015). Frans Ciappara, ed. The formation of the architect-engineer, perito and
agrimensore, and their regulation by the Order of St John in eighteenth-century Malta (https://www.um.edu.mt
/iibs/journal/2015). Journal of Baroque Studies. 1. ISBN 9789995704827. ISSN 2520-7016
Lynch, Bernard (12 August 2017). "Deputy Prime Minister Chris Fearne in talks with Japanese Parliamentary
delegation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180319230629/http://www.livenewsmalta.com/index.php/2017/08
/12/deputy-prime-minister-chris-fearne-in-talks-with-japanese-parliamentary-delegation/). Live News Malta.
Archived from the original (http://www.livenewsmalta.com/index.php/2017/08/12/deputy-prime-minister-chris-
fearne-in-talks-with-japanese-parliamentary-delegation/) on 19 March 2018.
State of Conservation Report - Parliament of Malta (https://parlament.mt/media/65170/4039.pdf)
Hardman, William (1909). John Holland Rose, ed. A History of Malta during the period of the French and
British Occupations 1798-1815 (https://archive.org/stream/historyofmaltadu00hard
/historyofmaltadu00hard_djvu.txt). London: Longmans, Green, and co. p. 555. ISBN 9781783312818.
(https://books.google.com.mt/books?id=3nHOAAAAMAAJ&dq) on 24 September 2008.
Lanfranco, Guido. Frank L. Scicluna, ed. "Crime Doesn't Pay" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180107213334
/http://www.geocities.ws/frans311/crime.html). Building Virtual Bridges. Archived from the original
(http://www.geocities.ws/frans311/crime.html) on 7 January 2018.
Eton, William (1802). Authentic materials for a history of the principality of Malta (https://books.google.com
/books?id=TNpbAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA153). Oxford University. p. 153.
Cassar, Paul (April 1977). "An eighteenth-century bill of health of the Order of St. John From Malta"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20180102012302/http://open-repository.kisti.re.kr/cube/bitstream
/open_repository/365954/6/medhist00107-0069.txt). Medical History. 21 (2): 182–186.
doi:10.1017/S0025727300037704 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025727300037704). PMC 1081949
/pubmed/325307). Archived from the original (https://open-repository.kisti.re.kr/cube/bitstream
/open_repository/365954/6/medhist00107-0069.txt) on 2 January 2018.
"Assegna mensile di lettere, scienze ed arti" (https://books.google.com/?id=fgvvWYSi7_8C&
q=castellania+strada+giacomo+Valletta&dq=castellania+strada+giacomo+Valletta). Malta Letteraria: 306.
1935. OCLC 956075294 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/956075294).
"Sicilia" (https://books.google.com/?id=bNA6AQAAIAAJ&q=castellania+strada+giacomo+Valletta&
dq=castellania+strada+giacomo+Valletta). Guida d'Italia del T.C.I (in Italian): 504. 1937. OCLC 213804095
Development of Laws of the Castellania (https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20130915/books/A-
comprehensive-guide-to-the-laws-of-the-Order.486445)
Vassallo, D. J. (1992). "The Corps Disease: Brucellosis and Its Historical Association with the Royal Army
Medical Corps" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171223043726/http://maltaramc.com/imggen/brucellosis.pdf)
(PDF). Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps. 138 (3): 140–150. doi:10.1136/jramc-138-03-09
(https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjramc-138-03-09). Archived from the original (http://maltaramc.com/imggen
/brucellosis.pdf) (PDF) on 23 December 2017.
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Use of medical practitioners Bugeja, Anton (August 2012). "Documentary sources for the history of the
Maltese general practitioner" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171217215015/https://www.researchgate.net
/publication/281859657_Documentary_sources_for_the_history_of_the_Maltese_general_practitioner). The
Journal of the Malta College of Family Doctors. 1 (1): 27. Archived from the original
(https://www.researchgate.net
/publicliterature.PublicationHeaderDownloadCitation.downloadCitation.html?publicationUid=281859657&
fileType=Plain%20Text&citationAndAbstract=false) on 17 December 2017.
Harsh (http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/options/MalteseHist/Immunita/NonGode.htm), Admiralty C.
(https://books.google.com.mt/books?id=zSWuCsxS1QcC&pg=PA262#v=onepage&q&f=false), Punish
(https://books.google.com.mt/books?id=diHaAAAAMAAJ&q=castellania+Valletta+tre+colori&
dq=castellania+Valletta+tre+colori&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiizt22rLTWAhVJuhQKHUNqDaYQ6AEIIzAA)
Courts abolition during French occupation (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index
/Archivio%20storico%20di%20Malta/ASM.09(1937-38)4(28Luglio-28Ott.)
df)
Zammit, Melvic (9 May 2017). "Cruel Capital Punishment During Era of Knights of St John"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20170821192948/http://www.tvm.com.mt/en/news/cruel-capital-punishment-
during-era-of-knights-of-st-john/). Television Malta. Archived from the original (http://www.tvm.com.mt/en/news
/cruel-capital-punishment-during-era-of-knights-of-st-john/) on 21 August 2017.
Reforms (https://books.google.com/books?id=3TEySULZdwgC&pg=PA529&dq=old+courts+Malta&hl=en&
sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj44uuIy-TVAhWGOBQKHQ4LAR84ChDoAQgyMAM#v=onepage&
q=old%20courts%20Malta&f=false), Guide (https://books.google.com/books?id=Y74BAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA190-
IA2&dq=Castellania+building&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q=court&f=false),
Description (https://archive.org/stream/descriptionofmal00badg/descriptionofmal00badg_djvu.txt), Murder in
Malta (https://books.google.com/books?id=Scb4ZwEACAAJ&dq=Valletta+Court+House+Merchant+Street&
hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiA2vW9qePVAhVCvRoKHTbnCvE4ChDoAQg9MAY), tribunaux de paix
(https://books.google.com/books?id=plhmAAAAMAAJ&dq=Pinto+croissant+Valletta&
focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Tribunal)
Anastasi Panini, 19 Merchants Street: Labourdette, Jean-Paul; Massoud, Nelly (2009). Petit Futé Malte
(https://books.google.com/books?id=JNa-6JCt7NQC&pg=PA143) (in French). Nouvelles Editions de
l'Université. p. 143. ISBN 9782746923416.; Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2011). Malte
2011-2012 (https://books.google.com/books?id=0AG-TFXXZ8gC&pg=PA142) (in French). Petit Futé. p. 142.
ISBN 9782746930124.. "Shop owners fume as crane blocks street: Christmas shoppers forced to avoid the
corner" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171218160708/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20171218
/local/shop-owners-fume-as-crane-blocks-street.665931). Times of Malta. 18 December 2017. Archived from
the original (https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20171218/local/shop-owners-fume-as-crane-blocks-
street.665931) on 18 December 2017.
Richard Buhagiar Ltd/Richard Buhagiar Boutique Est 1890, 26 St John Street: "Comercio, industria y
navegacion" (https://books.google.com/?id=bowb2HjfdYgC&q=richard+buhagiar+boutique&
dq=richard+buhagiar+boutique) (in Spanish). 67. Valencia: Camara Oficial de Comercio, Industria y
Navegacion de la Region Valenciana. 1973: 40. OCLC 6697486 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6697486).;
"Trado Asian African Directory of Exporters, Importers, and Manufacturers" (https://books.google.com
/?id=8WEtc0tX5UsC&dq=Richard+Buhagiar+Ltd&q=Richard+Buhagiar). Trado Asian & African Directory: 286.
1985. OCLC 1770950 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1770950).; "The Diplomatic Press trade directory of
Malta: including classified trade index" (https://books.google.com/?id=hWIaAAAAMAAJ&
dq=Richard+Buhagiar+Ltd&q=Richard+Buhagiar+). Trade Directory of Malta (1): 66, 67, 82. 1965.
/oclc/5204638).
Photo of officer (https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120526/letters/The-hook-in-St-John-s-Street-
1-.421331) passing through "promotion hook" discussed in Bonnici, Joseph; Cassar, Michael (1999). A
Century of the Royal Navy at Malta (http://www.bdlbooks.com/rare-books/753-a-century-of-the-royal-navy-at-
malta.html). BDL Publishers. ISBN 9789999008662. Also it was moved to present site after rebuilding
(https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20040731/letters/nelsons-hook.116443)
[1] (https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3XrAAAAMAAJ&dq=Francesco+Laparelli+Castellania&
focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Castellania), Berlina (https://books.google.com/books?id=P_sMAQAAIAAJ&
q=Castellania+berlina+Valletta&dq=Castellania+berlina+Valletta&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwjCofiqgNnVAhUPrRQKHZr1AYoQ6AEIKTAC), [2] (https://books.google.com
/books?id=sgUsdz_Bor4C&pg=PA40&dq=berlina+Castellania+Malta&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwipof_ozczVAhXEuhQKHUuzDvkQ6AEIODAE#v=onepage&
q=berlina%20Castellania%20Malta&f=false), prison (https://books.google.com/books?id=jDcSAAAAYAAJ&
pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=Debtors+imprisoned+Castellania&source=bl&ots=IJ783XD78O&sig=qlx-
XxLXvvECFO5eYGG6XMQJ_MQ&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwiD_IyxrdTVAhWILcAKHVPkBLUQ6AEISDAI#v=onepage&
q=Debtors%20imprisoned%20Castellania&f=false). [3] (https://books.google.com/books?id=irENAAAAQAAJ&
46 of 52 11/15/2018, 2:46 PM
pg=RA1-PA40-IA1&lpg=RA1-PA40-IA1&dq=prigione+dei+debitori+Valletta&source=bl&ots=0czazKhdJ1&
sig=xbc-EvZFYJ18wErqBat5RZDREx0&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwiBvtnyttTVAhVMuhQKHQLbDasQ6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&
q=prigione%20dei%20debitori%20Valletta&f=false), foro/fontana (https://books.google.com/books?id=mFh-
zVrHHIMC&pg=PA334&dq=Castellania+fontana+Valletta&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwiu5ZzvptXVAhXHxxQKHex_BXYQ6AEITTAJ#v=onepage&
q=Castellania%20fontana%20Valletta&f=false), activities (http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2013-10-04
/news/health-and-cultural-feast-at-notte-bianca-2789638145/?___c=___c), ? (http://www.santandrijalija.com
/files/lijasandbk2013.pdf), Catellano (http://users.waldonet.net.mt/fournier
/maltese_nobility_in_maltese_hist.htm), French (https://books.google.com/books?id=vWmOy5ZtoygC&
pg=PA72&dq=Malte+Castellania+giustizia&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwifya7rmNrVAhULvxQKHTOpA7UQ6AEIMTAD#v=onepage&
q=Malte%20Castellania%20giustizia&f=false)
"Pospost ix-xoghol ta' restawr f'Palazzo Castellania" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170809222454/http:
//www.doi-archived.gov.mt/EN/press_releases/1996/11/pr1938.asp) (in Maltese) (1938). Valletta: Department
of Information (DOI). 14 June 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.doi-archived.gov.mt
/EN/press_releases/1996/11/pr1938.asp) on 9 August 2017.
Castillo, Ruth (7 August 2017). "Restoration work starts on Palazzo Castellania in Valletta"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20170809210809/http://www.tvm.com.mt/en/news/restoration-work-starts-
palazzo-castellania-valletta/). TVM. Archived from the original (http://www.tvm.com.mt/en/news/restoration-
work-starts-palazzo-castellania-valletta/) on 9 August 2017. Castillo, Ruth (7 August 2017). "Jibda r-restawr ta'
Palazzo Castellania fil-Belt li llum jintuża għall-Ministeru tas-Saħħa" (https://web.archive.org
/web/20170809211013/http://www.tvm.com.mt/mt/news/jibda-r-restawr-ta-palazzo-castellania-fil-belt-li-llum-
jintuza-ghall-ministeru-tas-sahha/). TVM (in Maltese). Archived from the original (http://www.tvm.com.mt
/mt/news/jibda-r-restawr-ta-palazzo-castellania-fil-belt-li-llum-jintuza-ghall-ministeru-tas-sahha/) on 9 August
2017.
Vella, Godwin (2016). Valletta 1566: Melita Renascens (https://books.google.com/?id=9bdNnQAACAAJ&
dq=melita+renascens). Heritage Malta. pp. 68–73. ISBN 9789993257387. Codice Rohan p. 68 - Bandi during
the French and British periods p. 69 - Castellania established to regulate order/civil law, in 1840 started to
move to auberge, (exhibition of a judge) clothing of early 19th century p. 73.
Façade symbolic light (http://www.newsbook.com.mt/artikli/2016/5/20/palazz-fil-belt-jinxteghel-biex-izid-
l-gharfien-dwar-marda.46131/)also (http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-11-13/local-news/Bringing-
Diabetes-to-light-283210), also (http://www.one.com.mt/news/2016/05/20/palazz-vjola/), John Soane
(http://www.soanefoundation.com/newsletter/Newsletter%2026.pdf), Auctions (http://research-
information.bristol.ac.uk/files/34507538/573754.pdf), façade panels and upper windows frames
(https://books.google.com/books?id=9yBNAAAAYAAJ&dq=description+of+baroque+Castellania&
focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Panelling)
Vice-Admiralty Court and law system Hough, Barry; Davis, Howard (2010). "Coleridge's Malta". Coleridge's
Laws: A Study of Coleridge in Malta (https://web.archive.org/web/20170730155123/http:
//books.openedition.org/obp/385). Open Books Publishers. pp. 50–106. ISBN 9781906924133. Archived from
the original (http://books.openedition.org/obp/385) on 30 July 2017.
Hough, Barry; Davis, Howard (2008). "Coleridge as Public Secretary in Malta: the Surviving Archives"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20160316011325/http://www.friendsofcoleridge.com/MembersOnly
/CB31/CB31Hough.pdf) (PDF). The Coleridge Bulletin (31): 90–101. Archived from the original
(http://www.friendsofcoleridge.com/MembersOnly/CB31/CB31Hough.pdf) (PDF) on 16 March 2016.
Cassar, Paul (20 March 1980). "The First Documented Case of Drug Addiction in Malta – Samuel Taylor
Coleridge" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170801172606/https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/handle
/123456789/20460
/First%20Documented%20Case%20of%20Drug%20Addiction%20in%20Malta%20-%20Samuel%20Taylor%2
0Coleridge.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n) (PDF). Hyphen. 3 (2): 52–61. Archived from the original
/First%20Documented%20Case%20of%20Drug%20Addiction%20in%20Malta%20-%20Samuel%20Taylor%2
0Coleridge.pdf) (PDF) on 1 August 2017.
Tribunale degli Armamenti (Admiralty Court) (https://books.google.com/books?id=pMsNAAAAQAAJ&
q=Malte+Castellania+giustizia&dq=Malte+Castellania+giustizia&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwiN5pbIptrVAhVFXBQKHTPoBV04FBDoAQgwMAM)
Balcony details, incl. Carrara marble curtain. Azzopardi, Joe (October 2008). "Traditional Maltese Balconies"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20170709030548/https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/the-maltese-balcony/).
Federation of Maltese Language Schools. Archived from the original (http://www.oocities.org/f_scicluna
/Balconies.html) on 9 July 2017.
Pirates in the Early British Era: The Malta Connections (https://web.archive.org/web/20150702083737/http:
//mhs.eu.pn/60/60_21.html)
Valletta map with first Castellania: Mercieca, Simon (2016). The Knights of St. John in Malta. p. 62.
47 of 52 11/15/2018, 2:46 PM
ISBN 978-999-57-52-545.
Malta Game Fund (https://web.archive.org/web/20170719235138/https://www.etenders.gov.mt/epps/cft
/prepareViewCfTWS.do?resourceId=3696730), p. 75 (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index
/Scientia%20(Malta)/Scientia.%2029(1963)2(Apr.-Jun.)/01.pdf), The Voice of the Maltese
(http://www.maltesewelfare.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Newsletter-No-67-a.pdf), TV appearance
(https://www.fimbank.com/en/news-details/FIMBank-partners-with-PBS-for-heritage-awareness-campaign)
Health department (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Storja/Storja2003-2004/09s.pdf), Inventories
(https://web.archive.org/web/20140812213918/http://mhs.eu.pn/60/60_27.html), Castellan info
(http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Archivio%20storico%20di%20Malta/ASM.07(1935-36)3(28Apr.)
/02.pdf), Zammit info (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Il-Malti/Il-Malti.%20011(1935)4/03.pdf),
Castellania auctions (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.03(1960-63)
/MH.3(1962)3/orig02.pdf) Gran Visconte duty (https://books.google.com/books?id=aQBVXijtkfYC&pg=PA319)
Pharmacists and Politics in Malta in the 18th and 19th Centuries (https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream
/handle/123456789/14137
/Pharmacists%20and%20Politics%20in%20Malta%20in%20the%2018th.and%2019th%20Centuries.pdf?sequ
ence=1&isAllowed=y)+ (https://books.google.com/books?id=oDlEpq4FeaEC&pg=PA135&lpg=PA135&
dq=Pasquale+Balzan+Castellania&source=bl&ots=Ss-2zxj-kD&sig=kaiVbdmyNRAMs-OarcyD0kU61Ko&
hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwipsY2-iu_UAhXCWxoKHZUZDhMQ6AEIIjAC#v=onepage&
q=Pasquale%20Balzan%20Castellania&f=false)+ (https://web.archive.org/web/20150612154603/http:
//mhs.eu.pn/mh3/20022.html)
Brass knockers on main door (https://books.google.com/books?id=gNcJAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA57&
dq=Court+Pinto+Valletta&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwiClbPIsMTUAhWlA8AKHQGKCH8Q6AEIQDAI#v=onepage&q=Court%20Pinto%20Valletta&
f=false), 1770 incident (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.13(2000-03)
/MH.13(2000)1/01.pdf). p. 22.
Ciappara, Frans (2001). Society and the Inquisition in Early Modern Malta (https://books.google.com
/?id=4SHZAAAAMAAJ&q=the+life+and+times+of+grandmaster+pinto&
dq=the+life+and+times+of+grandmaster+pinto). Publishers Enterprises Group (PEG). p. 509.
ISBN 978-99909-0-273-0.
Tonna, Joseph A. (1970). "The evolution of palace architecture: Valletta and Mdina" (http://www.urbis-
libnet.org/vufind/Record/Bibliotheca%20Hertziana.BV038587816). Malta: Atti del XV Congresso di Storia
dell'Architettura / Centro di Studi per la Storia dell'Architettura. pp. 401–412. OCLC 888369154
Lanfranco, G. (1983). "Ir-Rozarjati (Confraternity of the Rosary Valletta)" (https://web.archive.org
/web/20160417172231/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/L-Imnara/L-
Imnara.%2002%281983%292%3D7/22s.pdf) (PDF). L-Imnara. 2 (2): 51. Archived from the original
(http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/L-Imnara/L-Imnara.%2002(1983)2=7/22s.pdf) (PDF) on 17 April
2016.
Bonello, Giovanni (2003). Histories of Malta (https://books.google.com/?id=SB4jAQAAIAAJ&
q=sea+vessels+Castellania&dq=sea+vessels+Castellania). 4. Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti. p. 122.
ISBN 978-99932-10-27-6.
"The Magna Curia Castellania" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160402121849/http://www.hmml.org/uploads
/2/1/6/0/21603598/melitensia_spring_2012.pdf) (PDF). Melitensia: 5. Spring 2012. Archived from the original
(http://www.hmml.org/uploads/2/1/6/0/21603598/melitensia_spring_2012.pdf) (PDF) on 2 April 2016.
De Lucca, Denis (2005). "The Architecture of Valletta" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170226145639/http:
//www.kolleg.loel.hs-anhalt.de/studiengaenge/mla/mla_fl/studio/2005valletta/pdf/broshure/43delucca.pdf)
(PDF). Studio Valletta Brochure. p. 46. Archived from the original (http://www.kolleg.loel.hs-anhalt.de
/studiengaenge/mla/mla_fl/studio/2005valletta/pdf/broshure/43delucca.pdf) (PDF) on 26 February 2017.
De Lucca, Denis (2000). "Some unexplored Baroque Vernacular Interactions in Maltese Village Environments"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20010430193621/http://www2.arnes.si/aa/2000/lucc00cl.html). Alpe Adria:
Ljudska Arhitektura. Archived from the original (http://www2.arnes.si/aa/2000/lucc00cl.html) on 30 April 2001.
Demand for reform by the Maltese after the French period (https://books.google.com
/books?id=oCdhDp3oDUoC&pg=RA1-PA80&dq=qtiel+castellania+Malta&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwi6mqD9vazSAhXiC8AKHX4sBTwQ6AEIHTAB#v=onepage&q=qtiel%20castellania%20Malta&
f=false)
Cauchi, Stanley (2007). "L-Istemma Alardika tal-Granmastru Pinto ma' Bini Importanti f'Malta"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20170225173949/http://www.armarsansebastjan.org/?wpfb_dl=3). Ghaqda
Armar San Bastjan AD 1984: Kummissjoni Zghazagh Bastjanizi AD 1991 (in Maltese). 3: 63. Archived from
the original (http://www.armarsansebastjan.org/?wpfb_dl=3) on 25 February 2017.
Boffa, Christa (28 June 2015). "Minn Qorti fi zmien il-Kavallieri, sal-Ministeru tas-Saħħa – Palazz Castellania"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20170225163512/http://maltatoday.uberflip.com/i/534051-illum-28-june-2015/21).
Illum (in Maltese) (454). p. 23. Archived from the original (http://maltatoday.uberflip.com/i/534051-illum-28-
june-2015/21?) on 25 February 2017.
48 of 52 11/15/2018, 2:46 PM
A drawing of Valletta in 1663, including the first Castellania – marked as "22. Albergo di Alemagna e
Castellania doue si tiene giustitia / 23. Casa dellIll.mo Castellano et altri" (https://www.battlemaps.us/malta-
1663-valletta-citta-fortezza-blaeu-old-map/)Read also (https://web.archive.org/web/20160301143042/http:
//mhs.eu.pn/hw/hw19838.html), p. 147 (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index
/Proceedings%20of%20History%20Week/PHW%201983/08s.pdf)
Ghirxi, F. (1983). "Il-Klistanija / u t-Triq tal-Ganc (11/12)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140331050216/http:
//mhs.eu.pn/mh2/19839.html). Mal-Medda Taz-zmien (in Maltese). Archived from the original (http://mhs.eu.pn
/mh2/19839.html) on 2014-03-31.
Also known as klistanija. Prison closed after 7 December 1853. "Il-Piena Kapitali" (https://web.archive.org
/web/20170221123719/http://staff.um.edu.mt/mros1/ftp/maltilex/corpus/nazzjon/n160199d.txt). In-Nazzjon (in
Maltese). 16 January 1999. Archived from the original (http://staff.um.edu.mt/mros1/ftp/maltilex/corpus
/nazzjon/n160199d.txt) on 21 February 2017.
Cassar, Kevin. Palatial Buildings of Valletta – A History of Auberge d'Italie, the Auberge de Castille and the
Castellania.
French Judiciary at the end of the Order (http://www.mha.org.au/index.php/component/docman/doc_download
/33-malta-and-the-french-revolution), French law did not last long to root (http://www.independent.com.mt
/articles/2015-04-13/books/The-basics-of-the-Maltese-legal-system-6736133706) and British Protectorate
1801–1813 (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2007)4
/03.pdf). p. 405.
Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (http://sid.usal.es/idocs/f8/fdo19614/atlas_compendium.pdf) and some
refurbishment (https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/Publications/Documents/Annual%20Reports
/2015/MEH(Health)%20-%20Consolidated%20Annual%20Report%202015.pdf), conference
/VII%20MMSC%20abstract%20book%20full.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y), Code de Rohan
(http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Scientia%20(Malta)/Scientia.%2016(1950)3(Jul.-Sept.)/02.pdf)lasted
until British period (http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120909/life-features/Mixed-marriages-in-the-
early-British-period.436226)
Caruana-Dingli, Noël; Aquilina, Anthony (2001). "La langue française à Malte 1798–1800". In Marie-Christine
Kok-Escalle; Francine Melka. Changements politiques et statut des langues: histoire et épistémologie
1780–1945 (https://books.google.com/books?id=HjhQ-LTpD_0C&pg=PA55) (in French). Rodopi. pp. 53–70.
ISBN 978-90-420-1375-9.
Epoca Gallica (http://www.parlament.mt/file.aspx?f=51144). French occupation and other info
(http://www.hmml.org/uploads/2/1/6/0/21603598/fa14melitensiaprinter.pdf)
Militia disbanded in 1802 but restored in 1852 (http://www.maltaramc.com/regmltgar/mltmil.html). Militia
1852–1857 (https://books.google.com/books?id=AaMrAAAAYAAJ&q=Valletta+castellania+militia+1852&
dq=Valletta+castellania+militia+1852&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwi8mLH3lbbRAhXGVxoKHVxQDZoQ6AEIGTAA)
The lab was actually a floor below the museum (https://www.facebook.com
/MaltaandInternationalFootballCollection/posts/827704680705624:0) – photo showing lab with next door room
(http://stmc.zejtunsecondary.skola.edu.mt/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Sir-Themistocles-Temi-Zammit-Nicole-
Callus.pdf)
March 1820, Valletta, Castellania (https://web.archive.org/web/20121011234819/http://worldsf.wordpress.com
/2012/10/09/tuesday-fiction-valletta-city-of-guilt-by-michael-vella) (Fiction story with some description).
Information (https://books.google.com/books?id=11pKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA90&
dq=Valletta+San+Giacomo+Strada&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwiM85yIpMHRAhWiI8AKHVT3DcAQ6AEIHzAA#v=onepage&q=%20Court&f=false) and Brown,
Robert (1891). "Malta". The Picturesque Mediterranean (https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download
/The_Picturesque_Mediterranean_Its_Cities_Shores_and_Islands_v2_1000265522.pdf) (PDF). 2. from
University of California: Cassell. p. 48.
Ministry of Social Policy (http://www.visitmalta.com/file.aspx?f=3307)Other (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming
/Index/Storja/Storja1998/04s.pdf)
The Castellania was a court and tribunal. Several missing information to be added with better sources
(https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/the-legal-system/)example (https://www.academia.edu/8984012
/Francesco_Frasca_IL_CARTEGGIO_DI_MASSIMILIANO_BUZZACCARINI_GONZAGA._CONSERVATO_N
ELL_ARCHIVIO_DI_STATO_DI_VENEZIA_Nuovi_studi_di_Victor_Mallia-Milanes_sui_rapporti_politico-
economico-militari_tra_Venezia_e_Malta)and (https://books.google.com/books?id=3nHOAAAAMAAJ&
dq=consolato+del+Mare+Malta&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=public+property)this (https://books.google.com
/books?id=MlJmAAAAMAAJ&dq=consolato+del+Mare+Malta&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Tribunal+)this
(http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2015-08-05/local-news/National-Archives-of-Malta-announce-
completion-of-the-digitisation-of-the-magnia-curia-castellaniae-6736140033)this (https://books.google.com
/books?id=pMsNAAAAQAAJ&q=consolato+del+Mare+Malta&dq=consolato+del+Mare+Malta&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwj42JXJ0pDRAhUQdVAKHauaCmA4FBDoAQgtMAA)pay tax (https://web.archive.org
/web/20160417031317/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Proceedings%20of%20History%20Week
49 of 52 11/15/2018, 2:46 PM
/PHW%201993/08s.pdf)
Consolato del Mare and Chamber of Commerce at the Castellania. Mifsud, A. (1914). Knights Hospitallers of
the Ven. Tongue of England in Malta (https://archive.org/details/KnightsHospitallersOfTheVenerable). Valletta:
Malta Herald Print. Off. p. 279. ISBN 978-0-404-17009-7. Archived from the original (https://archive.org
/stream/KnightsHospitallersOfTheVenerable/KnightsHospitallersOfTheVenerable_djvu.txt) on 26 February
2015.
Vice-Admiralty Court (https://web.archive.org/web/20150702083737/http://mhs.eu.pn/60/60_21.html)Diritto
Municipale (http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Archivio%20storico%20di%20Malta
/ASM.02(1931)2-3(Genn.-Giugno)
/05%20I%20tribunale%20militare%20dell'Ordine%20di%20S.%20Giovanni%20e%20procedura%20di%20G.
%20Darmanin%20Demajo.%20ASM.%202(1931)2-3(Genn.-Giugno.115-119).pdf)similar
(https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMdDpmTXdWsC&pg=PA226&lpg=PA226&
dq=vice+admiralty+court+Valletta&source=bl&ots=k2LnTLJTDb&sig=EGcHGFFx0O3Uw_CvAqLLo-EgESo&
hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGvI36o5DRAhXnKsAKHX38BG4Q6AEILDAE#v=onepage&
q=vice%20admiralty%20court%20Valletta&f=false)Gran Visconte (https://books.google.com
/books?id=SJ8OXEcD3ZIC&pg=PA179&dq=diritto+municipale+castellania&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwjyxujd04vRAhWRNVAKHaqNC4kQ6AEIHTAB)
Luke, Harry (1960). Malta: An Account and an Apreciation (https://books.google.com/?id=-H5oAAAAMAAJ&
dq=crescents+Castellania&q=Moons). University of Michigan: Harrap. p. 67.
Street of the Castellania. Bonello, Giovanni (2000). Histories of Malta (https://books.google.com/?id=-
4doAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Valletta%22+Castellania+well&q=+Castellania). 1. Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti.
p. 40. ISBN 978-99932-10-01-6.
Badger, George Percy (1869). Historical Guide to Malta and Gozo (https://books.google.com
/?id=Y74BAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA220&dq=Castellania+building#v=onepage&q=Castellania%20building&f=false).
Calleja. pp. 220–221.
Palazzo della Castellania. Muscat, Noel (2006). "Fra Diego Bonanno OFM (1831–1902): L'umile frate che
Malta ha amato" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161219210438/http://i-tau.com/franstudies/articles
/Fra%20Diego%20Bonanno%20copy.pdf) (PDF). Malta: Publishers Enterprises Group (P.E.G). Archived from
the original (http://i-tau.com/franstudies/articles/Fra%20Diego%20Bonanno%20copy.pdf) (PDF) on 19
December 2016.
Gran-Corte della Castellania. Mallia, Giovanni (1784). Del diritto municipale di Malta nuova compilazione con
diverse altre costituzioni (https://books.google.com/?id=aQBVXijtkfYC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&
dq=Palazzo+della+Castellania+Valletta#v=onepage&q=Palazzo%20della%20Castellania%20Valletta&
f=false). Nella Stamperia del Palazzo di S.A.E. per Fra Gio. Mallia Suo Stamp, 1784.
Gran Corte della Castellania. Collezione di bandi, prammatiche ed altri avvisi ufficiali dal 17 luglio 1784 al 4
ottobre 1813 (https://books.google.com/?id=sgUsdz_Bor4C&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&
dq=Palazzo+della+Castellania+Valletta#v=onepage&q=Palazzo%20della%20Castellania%20Valletta&
f=false). Malta: Stamperia del Governo. 1840. pp. 1–186.
The Palazzo Municipale, designed by Romano Carapecchia, was inspirational for the building of the new
Castellania. De Lucca, Denis (1999). Carapecchia: Master of Baroque Architecture in Early Eighteenth
Century Malta (https://books.google.com/?id=gF_qAAAAMAAJ&dq=castellania+Valletta&q=castellania+).
Midsea Books. pp. 128, 140. ISBN 978-99909-93-00-4.
Admiralty Court, and Cochrane.Gregory, Desmond (1996). "Malta as. British Naval Base". Malta, Britain, and
the European Powers, 1793-1815 (https://books.google.com/books?id=zSWuCsxS1QcC&pg=PA262).
Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 256–264. ISBN 9780838635902. Cochrane Dundonald, Thomas
(1860). "Visit to the Admiralty Court at Malta". The Authobibliography of a Seaman (https://archive.org/details
/autobiographyas00ofgoog). 2. London: R. Bentley. pp. 166–180. ISBN 9780094751804. OCLC 832824785
(https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/832824785). Archived from the original (https://books.google.com
/?id=g3MOAAAAYAAJ&q=Admiralty+Court#v=snippet&q=Admiralty%20Court&f=false) on 12 December
2009.. More info (http://website.lineone.net/~stephaniebidmead/Chapter123.htm). Further info
(https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014317/http://mhs.eu.pn/mh/19591.html).
Secretary for Health moved in from Casa Leoni in 1998 (http://www.parlament.mt/file.aspx?f=5721)some info
(http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Il-Malti/Il-Malti.%20013(1937)3/05.pdf)Anton Butigieg
(http://antonbuttigieg.com/pdf/09._L-Ghanja_tas-Sittin/109_-_133._Epigrammi.pdf)
History of the Statue of Justice according to Giovanni Bonello. Attard, David Joseph (2013). The Maltese
Legal System: Volume 1 (2 ed.). Malta University Press. pp. 422–423. ISBN 978-99909-45-74-4.
Cassar, Paul (June 1979). "Four Bills of Health issued from Malta by the Order of St John"
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2130082/pdf/jhyg00048-0070.pdf) (PDF). Journal of Hygiene.
82 (3): 419–423. doi:10.1017/s0022172400053948 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022172400053948).
JSTOR 3862289 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3862289). PMC 2130082 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
/pmc/articles/PMC2130082). PMID 376696 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/376696).
Cassar, Paul (1993). "Further Bills of Health from Malta: 1576–1806" (https://www.um.edu.mt/library
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/oar/bitstream/handle/123456789/238/mmj1993%20050137.pdf?sequence=1) (PDF). Maltese Medical

Journal. 5 (1): 37–43.
Graffiti at Castellania prison courtyrad. The Xprunara (https://books.google.com/?id=dEaCAAAACAAJ&
dq=graffiti+castellania). Publikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. 2000. pp. 1–44. ISBN 978-99909-41-93-7.
Knox, Thomas Wallace (1983). The boy travellers in southern Europe : adventures of two youths in a journey
through Italy, southern France, and Spain, with visits to Gibraltar and the islands of Sicily and Malta
(https://archive.org/stream/boytravellersins01knox/boytravellersins01knox_djvu.txt). New York City, Franklin
Square: Harper & Brothers. pp. 415, 416. "Relic of the knights", prison life and torture.
The picturesque Mediterranean, its cities, shores, and islands, with illustrations on wood by J. MacWhirter,
A.R.A., J. Fulleylove, R.I., J. O'Connor, R.I., W. Simpson, R.I., W.H.J. Boot, S.B.A., C. Wyllie, E.T. Compton
and others (https://archive.org/stream/picturesquemedit02newyuoft/picturesquemedit02newyuoft_djvu.txt).
New York Cassell Publishing Company. 1890. p. 48. Book gives details of the strappado, excludes the use of
the iron bar or hook, but mentions the use of the window above the pilllory.
Cassar, Paul (1988). The Castellania Palace: From Law Courts to Guardian of the Nation's Health
(https://openlibrary.org/works/OL3733824W/The_Castellania_Palace). Malta: Department of Information.
OCLC 223304919 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/223304919).:?
Testa, Carmel (1989). The Life and Times of Grand Master Pinto, 1741–1773 (https://books.google.com
/books?id=sK0xAAAACAAJ). Malta: Midsea Books. ISBN 978-99909-93-20-2.
Zammit, Themistocles (1942). "Swear to Tell the Truth". Malta Calling (https://books.google.com/?id=LLc-
AAAAIAAJ&q=kistlanija&dq=kistlanija). University of California: Practical Press Limited. p. 31.
Buhagiar, Mario (2009). Essays on the Knights and Art and Architecture in Malta, 1500–1798
(https://books.google.com/books?id=caLrAAAAMAAJ&q). Malta: Midsea Books. ISBN 978-99932-7-246-5.
Haslam, Sylvia Mary; Borg, Joseph (1998). The River Valleys of the Maltese Islands: Environment and
Human Impact (https://archive.org/stream
/TheRiverValleysOfTheMalteseIslandsEnvironmentAndHumanImpact
/RiverValleysOfTheMalteseIslands_djvu.txt). Islands and Small States Institute of the Foundation for
International Studies. p. 161. ISBN 978-99909-49-06-3. OCLC 30424595 (https://www.worldcat.org
/oclc/30424595).
Muscat, Joseph (1997). "Graffiti on the exterior walls of St Paul's Shipwreck church Wied il-Qliegħa Mosta"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20140421182030/http://mhs.eu.pn/mh3/19976.html). Melita Historica. 12 (2):
179–194.
Muscat, Joseph; Cassar, Joanne (1994). The Gozo Prisons Graffiti (https://web.archive.org
/web/20160416204559/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.11%281992-95%29
/MH.11%281994%293/02.pdf). Melitensia. p. 246.
Borg, Charmaine (20 November 2015). Palazzo Castellania (https://www.scribd.com/mobile/document
/256890450/Palazzo-Castellania). Scribd. Archived from the original (https://web.archive.org
/web/20161005130203/http://docslide.it/documents/palazzo-castellania.html) on 5 October 2016.
Scicluna, Sandra (2004). The Prison in Malta: 1850–1870 and 1931–1951 (https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream
/2381/4389/1/Prison%20in%20Malta.pdf). PhD dissertation. University of Leicester. Harvard. Prison was
closed in 1850. "Debtors' Prison" transferred to Gran Prigione. p. 60.
THE SESSIONAL PAPERS PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS, OR PRESENTED BY
ROYAL COMMAND IN THE SESSION 1839 VOL. VII (https://books.google.com/books?id=7NlbAAAAQAAJ&
pg=RA3-PA43&lpg=RA3-PA43&dq=High+Court+of+the+Castellania&source=bl&ots=U8jNrT1zuf&
sig=2uF4mWFOFj8q-99S2RaquWEEpeY&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwjD8PzcxoHPAhUBPBQKHUUCAq8Q6AEIKjAF#v=onepage&
q=High%20Court%20of%20the%20Castellania&f=false). Oxford University. 1839. pp. 63–65 (Accounts and
Papers: Affairs of the Island of Malta. pp. 317–506).
Gas Office and other legacies. Zammit, Themistocles (1928). "Il-Belt (Valletta)" (https://web.archive.org
/web/20160417234107/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Il-Malti/Il-Malti.%20004%281928%292
/01.pdf) (PDF). Il-Malti (in Maltese) (2 ed.). 4 (2): 35. Archived from the original (http://melitensiawth.com
/incoming/Index/Il-Malti/Il-Malti.%20004(1928)2/01.pdf) (PDF) on 17 April 2016..
School financial support, at the Castellania (https://books.google.com/books?id=UiRcAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA6-
PA20&dq=the+Castellania:+From+law+courts+to+the&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwje9o7Wis_PAhXLaRQKHW4eC-g4ChDoAQglMAM#v=onepage&q=the%20Castellania
%3A%20From%20law%20courts%20to%20the&f=false).
Portrait of Caterina Scappi. Hoe, Susanna (2016). "Valletta". Malta: Women, History, Books and Places
(https://web.archive.org/web/20161010130128/http://www.holobooks.co.uk/MaltaItineraryChapter17.pdf)
(PDF). Oxford: Women's History Press (a division of Holo Books). p. 370. ISBN 978-0-9572153-5-1.
(http://www.holobooks.co.uk/MaltaItineraryChapter17.pdf) (PDF) on 10 October 2016.
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Savona-Ventura, Charles (17 April 2012). "Museum" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161012000543/https:

//www.um.edu.mt/umms/museum). University of Malta. Archived from the original (https://www.um.edu.mt
/umms/museum) on 12 October 2016.
Le Guide di OBIMED (Out of the Blue – Isles in the MEDiterranean) on the Path of the Knights of Malta
(http://sedi2.esteri.it/sitiweb/LaValletta/cavaliere_di_malta_ita_definitivo_Maggio.pdf). p. 62.
Bonello, Giovanni (2007). "Notes for a History of the Judiciary at the Time of the Order"
(http://judiciarymalta.gov.mt/file.aspx?f=421). judiciarymalta.gov.mt. pp. 20–21. See also
(https://web.archive.org/web/20170614012243/http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2012-12-23
/news/corrupt-judges-in-the-times-of-the-order-572456971)
Imp comment and cavalletto squarciapalle.this too (https://books.google.com/books?id=MYgqAAAAYAAJ&
pg=PA490&dq=justice+and+truth+Valletta&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwiFj_2u6sfRAhWLbxQKHYSQDYgQ6AEIRjAI#v=onepage&
q=justice%20and%20truth%20Valletta&f=false).Judge Combo (https://books.google.com
/books?id=EFNDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA126&dq=justice+and+truth+Valletta&hl=en&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwiKlYWj8sfRAhXhJsAKHRe7CAk4FBDoAQg_MAY#v=onepage&
q=justice%20and%20truth%20Valletta&f=false). Code de Rohan criticism (http://www.timesofmalta.com
/articles/view/20120909/life-features/Mixed-marriages-in-the-early-British-period.436226)originally from this
source (http://www.judiciarymalta.gov.mt/file.aspx?f=687)
External links
List of official documents, including those related to the Castellania (https://secure2.gov.mt/nationalarchives
/searchingfonds.aspx?page_info_id=11)
Palazzo Castellania (https://deputyprimeminister.gov.mt/en/Documents/Castellania-Palace.pdf) by Chris
Fearne (Deputy Prime Minister of Malta)
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Castellania (Valletta) - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

Coordinates: 35°53′48″N 14°30′45″E

The building was built in the Baroque style to design of the

In 1895, the building was converted into the head office of

Construction Palazzo della

From Birgu to Valletta

Homosexual practice was punishable by death by the Castellania.[78] In

Later and present use

Division into three parts

Department and Ministry for Health

During WWII, the Health Department dealt with several contagious

The main façade includes a distinctive portal,[296] with a jotting out

DEO OPT. MAX.

The balcony is topped by a niche consisting of allegorical figures of

HIC SUNT CAUSIDICI HIC ROSTRA

HIC SUBSELLIA IUDIS

Architecture and cultural heritage

20. Zeitschrift des Breisgau-Geschichtsvereins Schauinsland (https://books.google.com/?id=HCJoAAAAMAAJ&

90. Attard, Joseph (1992). The Knights of Malta (https://books.google.com/books?id=K8q-AAAACAAJ&dq).

116. Ashby, Thomas (1915). "Roman Malta" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170716011636/https://docslide.net

141. Savona-Ventura, Charles (2005). Contemporary Medicine in Malta [1798–1979] (https://books.google.com

191. Ghaqda tal-Malti (March 1935). "Inhollu il-Jasar tal-Kitba" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180104162710

221. "Â La Â stampa giornale politico quotidiano" (https://books.google.com/books?id=dDe9MQaGX08C&pg=RA1-

310. Playfair, Robert Lambert (1881). "Handbook to the Mediterranean" (https://books.google.com

336. "Invitation To visit Palazzo Castellania during Notte Bianca" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160730125955

376. "Coins for culture" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160907174412/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles

/oar/bitstream/handle/123456789/238/mmj1993%20050137.pdf?sequence=1) (PDF). Maltese Medical

Savona-Ventura, Charles (17 April 2012). "Museum" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161012000543/https:

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Castellania_(Valletta)&oldid=868945943"

This page was last edited on 15 November 2018, at 12:13 (UTC).

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