Experiment-12

Aim: - To study GSM architecture and BTS components.

Theory: -
Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular system
standard that was developed to solve the fragmentation problems of the first cellular systems
in Europe. The GSM system architecture consists of three major interconnected subsystems.
The subsystems are the Base Station Subsystem (BSS), Network and Switching Subsystem
(NSS), and the Operation Support Subsystem (OSS).

 Mobile device is connected to BTS (Antenna).

 Base Station: It is a fixed station that consists of transmitters and receivers mounted
on tall Towers strategically placed at different locations.
 BTS is connected to the Switching system called BSC.
 BSC is connected to the main switching system called MSC.
 MSC contains its own VLR (VLR: is a temporary database which stores the
information of the visitors under its coverage area. VLR stands for Visitor Location
register. When you roam in a different place VLR stores your user information.).
 MSC's are connected to GMSC which is connected to HLR. (HLR stands for Home
location register; it is the main database where the documents or information of user is
stored. All the documents that you give during purchase of a SIM card are stored in this
HLR. VLR takes your information from HLR when you roam in other state or region).
BTS Components:

1. Base Band Unit (BBU): - A unit that processes baseband in telecomm systems. A
typical wireless telecom station consists of the baseband processing unit and the RF
processing unit (remote radio unit - RRU). The baseband unit is placed in the
equipment room and connected with RRU via optical fiber. The BBU is responsible
for communication through the physical interface. A BBU has the following
characteristics: modular design, small size, low power consumption and can be easily
deployed.

Modules of BBU

I. Universal Power and Environment Interface Unit (UPEU): -

It supports the -48V/+24V DC Power input, supplies power to the boards,
modules and fan in the BBU and provides access to multiple environment
monitoring signals.

II. Universal Environment Interface Unit (UEIU): - It supports multiple

environment monitoring signals and eight Boolean alarm signals and two RS485
environment monitoring signals.
2. Double Radio Filter Unit (DRFU): - It performs modulation and demodulation
between base band signals and RF signals, processes data, and combines and divides
signals. It consists of high speed interface unit, signal processing unit, power
amplifier and dual duplexer.

3. Direct Current Distribution Unit (DCDU): - It is the DC distribution unit or device.

It serves for distributing the DC power needed for different power needed devices like
RRU, EMUB, BBU and many more. DCDU-12B of Huawei consists of two input
terminal blocks and 10 different ports for output. Each port or certain port is assign
for its maximum output fuse current.

4. GSM Transmission and Management Unit (GTMU): - It controls and manages the
entire BTS. It provides interface related to the reference clock, power supply, OM and
external alarm collection. It supports fault management, configuration management,
performance management and security management. It provides port for terminal
maintenance and clock input for testing.