Figure 1 Figure 2

The trachea in figure 2 was also taken out from the tongue tip till the lung end. It seemed that
the trachea and pharynx in figure 1 have glass-like texture indicating it has exudate. This
could be sign of fowl pox. Fowl pox (FP) is a viral disease. However no signs of external
symptoms has showed that it is fowl pox or other diseases. The trachea, colloquially called
the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the air sacs and
lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so air moves through the trachea to the syrinx, which
is located at the point just before the trachea divides in two. It passes through the syrinx and
then the air stream is divided in two as the trachea divides. The air does not go directly to the
lung, but instead travels to the caudal (posterior) air sacs. A small amount of air will pass
through the caudal air sacs to the lung. After that it fills the cranial air sac during second
inspiration. (Charles S. Farrow. 2008). As larynx in figure 1 and trachea was examine, there
was no sign of caseous exudate of infectious laryngeotracheitis (ILT). Larynx is located near
the end of the trachea, is the chicken's voice box. A chicken does not have vocal cords to
produce sound. Thus the larynx has no abnormalities. (Charles S. Farrow. 2008)

Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

The lung float test in figure 3 and 4, also called the hydrostatic test in determining whether
lungs have undergone respiration and to detect abnormalities. Right lobus of lungs in figure 4
that float in water are aerated (normal), while left lobus of lung in figure 3 sink are presumed
to indicate an absence of air which are pneumonic. Pneumonia in chicken can be caused by
Infectious Bronchitis (IBV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and more. However no signs
of external symptoms shows any abnormalities. (Große Ostendorf AL.2013)
Figure 6
Examine all air sacs in situ, there was no evidence of inflammation ( cloudiness; thickening;
hemorrhagic reaction or oedema). There are 9 air sacs can be divided into anterior sacs
(interclavicular, cervicals, & anterior thoracics) & posterior sacs (posterior thoracics &
abdominals). Air sacs have very thin walls with few blood vessels.( John N. Maina.2006)

Figure 7
Chicken heart has four chambers just like in human. The inside walls of the atria and
ventricles are much smoother than those of the human. And the valves, though present, are
much simpler. The smoother walls and simpler valves of the bird's heart reduces friction as
the blood is pumped through; less friction means less work. Examined the heart without
removing it, there are no lesions, endoparasites or any abnormalities are found. (Cheryl B.et
al.2014)
Reference:
Charles S. Farrow.2008. Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging: Birds, Exotic Pets and
Wildlife Elsevier Health Sciences. Oxford in the UK.
Große Ostendorf AL, Rothschild MA, Müller AM, Banaschak S.2013. Is the lung floating
test a valuable tool or obsolete? A prospective autopsy study. International Journal of Legal
Medicine. 127 (2): 447–51.
John N. Maina.2006. The Lung-Air Sac System of Birds: Development, Structure and
Function. Springer Science & Business Media. Heidelberg (Germany).
Cheryl B. Greenacre, Teresa Y. Morishita.2014. Backyard poultry medicine and surgery: A
guide for veterinary practitioners. John Wiley & Sons. New Jersey (USA).