SIFAPP 3: Lifting

Chapter 1: Equipment Loading

7th November 2018
Mass Tool Box Activity
Equipment Loading
Equipment Loading
Toolbox Talk
Equipment Loading
Maintaining secure loads, confirm centre of gravity
and eliminate overloading or tipping

STOP THE DROP, SECURE LOADS, CAREFUL OF TIPPING

• All loads to be secured to lorries or trailers
• Move-in paths to be leveled and made good for traffic
• Confirm loading capacity and centre of gravity
• Banksman in place for movement through site
• Watch for overhead power lines
Equipment Loading
Confirm loading capacity, tipping points, and working surface

STOP THE DROP, EQUIPMENT CAPACITIES, CAREFUL OF TIPPING

• All loads to be secured to lorries or trailers
• Move-in paths to be leveled and made good for traffic
• Confirm loading capacity and centre of gravity
• Banksman in place for movement through site
• Watch for overhead power lines
Equipment Loading
Confirm loading capacity, tipping points, flagging signals and working
surface

STOP THE DROP, PE, COS, rigging inspections

• Confirm M.O.M. requirements for specialty lifts, PE and COS compliance
• Cranage requirements – maximum loads, working radius, proper signaling
• Know the weights, confirm adequate rigging, inspected and approved
• Banksman in place for movement through site
Equipment Loading
Confirm outriggers are right size and properly placed, barricades, wind
speeds, tag lines

• Confirm outriggers on solid base

• Always barricade crane swing radius
• Clear working area, do not fly materials over other ongoing works or workers
• Verify wind speeds during lifting periods rated for specific cranes and lifts
• Always utilize tag lines on all loads
Pre-Start Talks
Pre-Start Talks
Equipment Loading

Equipment Loading Awareness Card

Confirm method statements and risk assessments
Confirm loads are properly secured to lorries
Confirm loads and capacities for forklift works
• Confirm forklift loading capacity
• Confirm load weights
• Confirm clear working area, add banksman
• Confirm working surface adequate for loads
Confirm loads and capacities for crane works
• Verify PE endorsement and COS (if required)
• Confirm crane loading capacity
• Confirm load weights
• Barricade swing radius
• Confirm clear working area, add banksman
• Confirm working surface adequate for loads, outriggers properly supported
• Utilize tag lines
• Utilize inspected and confirm rigging materials
• Use proper flagging signals to operator
• To secure all the items before lifting. Loose items recommended to be put in a bin.
• Do not lift any bins that are over flowing
SIFAPP 3: Lifting
Chapter 2: Lifting and Rigging
7th November 2018
Mass Tool Box Activity
Review of Lifting & Rigging
Lifting and Rigging
Toolbox Talk
Safety Moments
Introduction

This equipment includes, but is not limited to:

• Cranes
• Loose lifting gear
• Wireline masts
• Lifts for persons and goods
• Abseiling equipment
• Sling-sets attached to containers or pieces of equipment
• Runway beams and padeyes.
Permanent and Semi-Permanent Lifting Equipment
This equipment should be designed, installed and positioned so that as far as reasonably
practicable:

• The need to lift loads over people is eliminated.

• Crushing is prevented at extreme operational positions.
• Loads are prevented from falling freely, being unintentionally released due to loss of power or through the
collision of equipment or their loads.
• Loads moving along a fixed path (rails, runway beams, etc.) are suitably protected
• Personnel are prevented from falling down shafts or hoist ways.
Mobile Lifting Equipment

• Mobile lifting equipment shall be subject to the same precautions as for permanent and semi-permanent lifting
equipment.

• However it shall be the specific

responsibility of the person in-charge
of the lifting operations to ensure
that these precautions are
properly addressed throughout
the lifting operation.
Strength and Stability of Lifting Equipment

The following factors regarding lifting equipment is essential:

• The strength and stability of fixed/permanent lifting equipment (platform cranes, etc.) is mainly dependent
upon the design, construction and initial installation.
• For temporary/mobile lifting equipment the strength and stability is dependent upon its installation, assembly
and location.
• Purpose and method of use.
• Availability of system of regular examination, inspection and maintenance.
Lifting Equipment

A. Lifting Appliances
• Any mechanical device capable of raising or lowering a load.
• Cranes, Fork lifts, Lifts, Suspended cradles, Powered hoists, Manual Hoists, Beam trolleys, etc.

B. Lifting Gear
• Any device whatsoever which is used or designed to connect a load to a lifting appliances which does not form
part of the load.
• Wire rope slings, chain slings, hooks and fittings, swivels, shackles, eye bolts, etc.
Lifting Gears
Working Load Limit (WLL)

• The maximum load which an item of lifting equipment is designed to raise, lower or suspend. The WLL does not
account for particular service conditions which may affect the final rating of the equipment.

The WLL as determined by the manufacturer must NEVER be exceeded.

Safe Working Load (SWL)

• The maximum load (as certified by a competent person) which an item of lifting equipment may raise, lower or
suspend under particular service conditions, eg. The SWL can be Lower than the WLL

The SWL as determined by the competent person must NEVER be exceeded.

Colour Code

• A method of marking equipment (normally with paint) to give a visual indication of its certification status. This
Colour should be changed at each periodic examination.
General Safety Requirements

• Always wear protective clothing.

• Always wear gloves when slinging and change them when they are damaged or worn out.
• A lot of material you will be handling will either be rough
or sharp. Always watch for these hazards.
• Never exceed the SWL of lifting equipment.
Slings

WEB WIRE
SLING SLING
Web Slings

Made Of Nylon, Polyester or Polypropylene

• The width and softness mean less tendency to crush fragile objects, to mar or scratch finely machined, highly
polished or painted surfaces.
• The flexibility helps to mould themselves to the shape of the load.
• They are not affected by moisture and certain chemicals.
• They are non-sparking and can be used safely in explosive atmospheres.
• They minimise twisting and spinning during lifting.
• Inspect visually before use.
Check for colour coding.
Wire Rope Slings

• Mechanical Damage.
• Wire Fracture.
• Core break-up.
• Core Protrusion.
• Wear and deformation at parts badly kinked.
• Broken outer and inner wires at ferrule.
• Splits in ferrule.
• Neck breaks - Broken strands and wires at neck shank.
• Kinking.
• Inspect visually before use. Check for colour coding.
Wire Rope

• The rope must possess sufficient strength to take maximum load.

• The rope must withstand repeated bending without failure of the wires
from fatigue.
• The rope must resist abrasion and corrosion.
• The rope must withstand distortion and crushing.
• The rope must resist rotation.
Disposition of Damaged Rope

• Six wires broken in one wire lay.

• Three wires broken in one strand on one rope lay.
• Wear of one-third of the original diameter of the outside individual wires.
• Rope severely kinked, crushed, cut, unstranded, or any other damage
resulting in distortion of rope structure.
• Considerable corrosion in the valleys between strands.
• Reduction from nominal rope diameter.
Typical example of Wire Rope Deterioration

Substantial wear severe internal corrosion

Mechanical damage due to rope movement over sharp edge protection whilst
under load.

Localised wear due to abrasion on supporting structure.

Severe corrosion.
Typical example of Wire Rope Deterioration

Internal corrosion whilst external surface shows little evidence of deterioration.

Break up of IWRC resulting from high stress application.

Looped wires as a result of torsional imbalance and/ or shock loading.

Protrusion of rope centre resulting from build up of turn.

Multistrand rope bird caged due to torsional imbalance.

Safety Factor and Safe Working Load

Why do we need a safety factors when using wire ropes?

• Inaccuracies in load weight
• Many load weights given to operators and riggers are merely estimates.
• Shock loading
• Shock loading is a fact of life and this can exert forces on a cable far greater than the actual load being lifted.
• Wear
• Reduced capacity of the sling due to wear.
• Bending
• Reduced strength due to bending over sheaves, around a corner etc. End fittings and attachments are not as strong as the
cable itself.
Sling Angles
Lifting Accidents

• Caused By:

• Misuse
• Abuse
• Neglect

• By Operator or Supervisor
Unsafe Working and Accidents

Results from:
• Lacking of training or Knowledge.
• Poor maintenance.
• Correct plant or equipment not being available.
• Misuse of plant or equipment.
• Hurry to get the job done.
Safe Systems of Work

Effectively Communicated:
• Planning and suitable cranes.
• Maintenance and testing of equipment.
• Supervision of work.
• Test certificates and documents.
• Prevention of unauthorised use.
• Safety of all persons.
Control of Lifting Operations

Duties of The Competent Person

• Assess the work to be done.
• Ensure all tests, inspections, examinations and
maintenance have been carried out.
• Have the authority to carry out duties and to stop
the operation if there is, likely to be danger.
Before the Lifting, Prepare a Plan

The steps in coming up with a lifting plan are:

• Define the task /establish the parameters of the load and site
• Evaluate the loads to be handled
• Review available lifting techniques appropriate to the task
• Select appropriate lift crane or other lifting equipment and configuration
• Select appropriate rigging equipment to attach to the load
• Document the plan
• Check the plan
• Communicate and execute the plan in accordance with legislation & Bechtel standards.
Before the Lifting

• First, you have to identify the weight of a load

• Then, you need to choose the correct sling to safely lift it.

Do not lift a load if the weight is not marked or cannot be

established.
The Safe Working Load is the amount that you can lift

SWL with a given sling configuration making a straight lift.

Before the Lifting

• All slinging or lifting material should be clearly labelled with the SWL.

If a sling is not labelled, do not use it for lifting.

• You need to be familiar with SWL calculations and ratings in order to select the necessary sling to lift a load.
Before the Lifting

Factors that can change the SWL are:

• The sling material
• The size or grade of the sling
• The configuration used
• The angle of the slings
• The shape of the load (square or round).
Before the Lifting

• Because boxes or cages may be made from a wide

range of materials and are available in many different
shapes and sizes, there are no tables or formulas for
calculating their SWL.

• This is why they must be marked with a safe working

load, and a label showing the weight of the lifting box.

For example, this lifting cage has a SWL of 2.3 tonnes and
weighs 300 kilograms. So the slings used to lift it must have a
SWL of 2.6 tonnes (2.3 t plus 300 kg).
Before the Lifting

• A synthetic sling will be labelled with the SWL and colour coded for easy identification.

Remember that the angle and

configuration of a sling will alter
the SWL.
Before the Lifting

Test the load:

• Before doing the lift, do a trial movement of the crane without the load to see if the crane is capable of
the lift.
• Working with the crane operator, take the crane through the full range of movement that it will be
expected to go through during the course of the lift. This action will give information about:
• radius between centre of load and centre of rotation
• boom length that will be used
• whether load will go over side or rear of crane.
Before the Lifting

Test the load:

• This information can be used to calculate the maximum load the
crane can carry for this job, using the information on the crane's
load chart.
Before the Lifting

Prepare destination
• Ensure that the load destination is prepared prior to moving.
• Make sure the ground is stable, level and dry, or else the stack may move or slip.
Always arrange stacks so that there is adequate clearance and access.
• Always stack material in a way that allows slings to be removed by hand following each placement
Before the Lifting

Prepare destination

Examples:
Before the Lifting

You have to barricade area, posting warning signs, shutting

down operations to prevent an incident occurring.
Slinging Procedure

• Once you have assessed the load and identified the correct equipment to use for a lift, you're ready to
set everything up. To make sure that everything is done properly, follow the procedures

1. Locate the centre of gravity:

Position the hook over the load's centre of gravity to reduce

the chance of the load becoming unbalanced.
Slinging Procedure

2. Position the hook:

The hook is positioned at a suitable height to connect the

lifting gear safely.
Slinging Procedure

3. Secure the lifting gear correctly to hook, ensuring that:

• the hoist wire is vertical
• the safety hook is properly closed
• the safety catch faces outwards from the crane hook
(otherwise tension may be applied to the catch and not
the hook).
Slinging Procedure

4. Secure the tagline correctly, if required.

Remember, always use a 16 mm dry fibre rope for a tagline

on jobs where electricity is a hazard.
Slinging Procedure

5. Test the load:

Do a short test lift to make sure the load is slung correctly.

After Slinging

• After you finish a job, the lifting gear should be safely removed
from the load and all equipment cleaned, inspected and stored
or discarded as required.
• It is your responsibility to keep a record of all equipment use and
maintenance on a record card for future reference.

Store all slings in a clean, dry storage

area and hang or coil them neatly.
Load

Must be:
• Correctly slung.
• Made secure.
• Clear of obstacles.
• Palletised loads netted.
• Loose materials lifted in a container.
• Have a tag line attached.
• Clear of people and equipment.
Duties of Rigger

Responsible for:
• Attaching and detaching load.
• The use of correct lifting gear.
• Initiating and directing safe movement of Crane.
Duties of a Crane Signalman

Responsible for:
• Remain in full view of the crane operator.
• Keep the load and equipment in full view.
• Stay safely out of range of the load.
• Keep in constant communication with the crane operator.
• Direct the load so it never passes over anyone.
• Stop operations if unauthorised persons enter the crane’s operating area.
Restrictions

• Cranes shall not be operated in wind speed in excess of manufacturer´s recommended limitations.
• Cranes activities shall stop and load secured in event of general alarm or emergency.
• Whilst the crane is in operation, the crane driver must not perform other work, and must not leave his position
at the controls until the load has been safely landed.
Examinations and Inspections

A thorough examination must be carried out:

• Before using lifting equipment on site for the first time, unless the equipment has not been used elsewhere
before and is accompanied by the valid MOM certificate not more than 12 months old.
• If the safety of the lifting equipment is dependent upon installation or assembly conditions .
• Inspection would include pre-operation visual checks and function tests and the equipment operator
(particularly crane driver) are considered competent to perform such tasks.
Examinations and Inspections

• In addition to thorough examinations, inspections shall be carried out wherever user risks are identified.
• The inspections should include visual checks and function tests and shall only be carried out by a Competent
person.
• All these reports must be filed.
Primary Basics of Rigging

• Determine the weight of the load.

• Determine the center of gravity of the load
• Determine the type of slings and rigging equipment best suited for the type load.
• Properly inspect all rigging equipment prior to application.
• Apply a hitch that will hold and control the load.
• Protect the rigging equipment from sharp, unyielding surface.
• Protect the load, if necessary, from being damaged by the rigging equipment.
• Check out the hoisting devices to assure its limitations will not be exceeded.
• Know load movements and location prior to lifting the load.
• Maintain load control from start of the lift to completion.
• Keep all personnel clear of suspended loads.
• Use proper hand signals during load movements.
Twelve Steps that lead to an Accident

• Operating equipment without proper training and authorisation.

• No securing equipment or work space against unexpected movement, as in shoring up a trench.
• Operating equipment at any speed, without regard recommendations.
• Not signalling or warning your co-workers of heavy equipment movement or other potentially dangerous
situations.
• Disconnecting hazard lights and audible warning devices.
• Using tools and equipment even if you know they’ re not working properly.
• Ignoring safety assessment procedures, especially checklist.
• Avoiding or delaying calibration, repair, adjustment, or any scheduled services on your tools and equipment.
• Hitching a ride on heavy moving equipment.
• Ignoring body position recommendations appropriate for the task.
• Initiating horseplay on the job site.
• Not wearing PPE
Attire for Rigger and Signalman

• Proper attire for Rigger and Signalman

• Wear PPE at all times
Roles and Responsibilities of a Rigger
Roles and Responsibilities of a Rigger
Roles and Responsibilities of a Rigger
Roles and Responsibilities of a Rigger
Good and Bad Rigging Practices
Good and Bad Rigging Practices
Good and Bad Rigging Practices
Good and Bad Rigging Practices
Good and Bad Rigging Practices
Good and Bad Rigging Practices
Good and Bad Rigging Practices &
Inspection of Hooks and Shackles
Inspection of Hooks & Shackles and
Types of Wear and Tear for Wire Ropes
Types of Wear and Tear for Wire Ropes
Roles and Responsibilities of a Signalman
Recommended Crane Hand Signal and Good
Communication Practices
Good Communication Practices
Pre-Start Talks
Lifting and Rigging Awareness Card
SIFAPP 3: Lifting
Chapter 3: Mobile Cranes
7th November 2018
Mass Tool Box Activity
Review of Usage of Mobile Crane
Mobile Crane
Toolbox Talk
Safety Moments
Hazards
Cranes and Rigging Operations

• Plan ALL lifts and use approved critical lift plans when required
• Outriggers fully extended
• Barricades, warning signs,
• Away from power line
• Inspected rigging (slings, spreader bars, shackles…
• Use tag lines
• Never walk or work below a suspended load
• COMMUNICATE
Crane Operator

MUST HAVE:
• Crane Operator License & Certification
• Licenses with him for crane operated
• Work permit
• Certified Rigger/Signalman
• Crane inspection checklist
Crane Operator

MUST HAVE:
• Weight to be lifted
• The location where the load to be placed
• Distance from load
• Wind speed
• Capacity of the crane for setup & conditions
Booms & Outriggers

• Provide at least 1 meter clearance

• Prevent personnel entry into pinch points
• Use barricades when necessary
Personnel Safety

NEVER: Allow People Under a Suspended NO RIDERS!!!! Never Ride a Load

Load
Suspended Load

A crane operator may never leave a crane with

a suspended load**

**Unless he has to Evacuate the area and cannot lower

the load
Conclusions

• Pre-plan all crane lift

• Use the correct crane for the job
• Inspect all equipment before using
• Use the crane load charts
• Communicate with all personnel
Pre-Start Talks
Pre-Start Talks
Mobile Crane Awareness Card

• Ensure operators/slingers are trained and competent

• Select the right appliance and tackle for the job
• Ensure the appliance is stable when lifting
• Use correct slinging methods
• Protect sling from sharp edges – pack out and lower onto spacers
• Ensure the sling is securely attached to the hook
• Ensure load is lifted to correct height and moved at an appropriate
speed
• Use standard signals that are understood by those involved in the
crane operation
• Ensure equipment in good condition before use
• Ensure safe working load
• Ensure lift with sling angles are not greater then 120 degrees
• Ensure load not lift over people
• Ensure no dragging or sudden shock during the load
Thank You