Solution for Assignment (Class A)

𝟏. Verify that the following functions are probability mass function, and determine the requested
probabilities.
8 1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) ( ) , 𝑥 = 1,2,3
7 2
x 1 2 3 
f(x) 4/7 2/7 1/7 1
4
a. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 1) = 𝑃(1) = 7 = 0,5714
1
b. 𝑃(2 < 𝑋 < 6 = 𝑃(3) = 7 = 0,1429
2 1 3
c. 𝑃(𝑋 > 1) = 𝑃(2) + 𝑃(3) = 7 + 7 = 7 = 0,4286
2 1 3
d. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑋 > 1) = 𝑃(2) + 𝑃(3) = 7 + 7 = 7 = 0,4286

𝟐. The shelf life, in days, for bottles of a certain prescribed medicine is a random variable having the density
function;
20000
, 𝑥>0
𝑓(𝑥) = {(𝑥 + 100)3 }
0 , 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find the probability that a bottle of this medicine will have a shell life of
a. At least 200 days
∞ ∞ ∞
20000 1 1 1 ∞
𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 20000 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 20000 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 20000 [− 𝑦 −2 | ]
200 (𝑥 + 100)
3
200 𝑦
3
200 𝑦
3 2 200
1 ∞ 1
= 20000 [− (𝑥 + 100)−2 | ] = = 0,111
2 200 9

b. Anywhere from 80 to 120

120 120 120
20000 1 1 1 120
𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 3
𝑑𝑥 = 20000 ∫ 3
𝑑𝑦 = 20000 ∫ 3
𝑑𝑦 = 20000 [− 𝑦 −2 | ]
80 (𝑥 + 100) 80 𝑦 80 𝑦 2 80
1 120
= 20000 [− (𝑥 + 100)−2 | ] = 0,1020
2 80

𝟑. A privately owned business operates both a drive-in facility and walk-in facility. On a randomly selected day, let X
and Y, respectively, be the proportions of the time that the drive-in and the walk-in facilities are in use, and suppose that
the joint density function of these random variable is
2
(2𝑥 + 3𝑦), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥) = {5 }
0 , 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
∞ ∞
a. Verify of ∫−∞ ∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 1
∞ ∞ 1 1 1 1
2 2 1 2 2 3 1
∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (2𝑥 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑥2 + 3𝑥𝑦)| 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 + 𝑦2 ) | = 1
−∞ −∞ 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 5 2 0
1 1 1
b. Find 𝑃[(𝑋, 𝑌) ∈ 𝐴], 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 0 < 𝑥 < , <𝑦< }
2 4 2
1 1 1 1
∞ ∞ 1/2
22 22
1 22 1 3 2 1 3
∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (2𝑥 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑥2 + 3𝑥𝑦)|2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = ( 𝑦 + 𝑦2 ) |21
1 1
−∞ −∞ 1/4 0 5 5
0
5 4 2 5 4 4
4 4
4
13
= = 0,08125
160
 Solution for Assignment (Class B)

𝟏. Verify that the following functions are probability mass function, and determine the requested
probabilities.
3 1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) ( ) , 𝑥 = 0,1,2, …
4 4
x 0 1 2 3 4 
f(x) 3/4 3/16 3/64 3/256 3/1024 1
3
a. 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 𝑃(2) = 64
3 3 3 63
b. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2) = 𝑃(0) + 𝑃(1) + 𝑃(2) = 4 + 16 + 64 = 64
3 3 15
c. 𝑃(𝑋 > 2) = 𝑃(3) + 𝑃(4) = 256 + 1024 = 1024
3 3 3 3 255
d. 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1) = 𝑃(1) + 𝑃(2) + 𝑃(3) + 𝑃(4) = + 64 + 256 + 1024 = 1024
16

𝟐. The total number of hours, measured in units of 100 hours, that a family runs a vacuum cleaner over a
period of one year is a continuous random variable X that has the density function;
𝑥 , 0<𝑥<1
𝑓(𝑥) = {2 − 𝑥 , 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2}
0 , 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find the probability that over a period of one year, a family runs their vacuum cleaner
a. Less than 120 hours =120/100 = 1,2 (so we can use 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 𝑥 )
1,2
𝑥 2 1,2
𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [2𝑥 − | ] = 1,68
0 2 0
b. Between 50 and 100 hours = between 0,5 and 1 (so we can use 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 )
1
𝑥2 1
𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [ | ] = 0,375
0,5 2 0,5

𝟑. A privately owned business operates both a drive-in facility and walk-in facility. On a randomly selected day, let X
and Y, respectively, be the proportions of the time that the drive-in and the walk-in facilities are in use, and suppose that
the joint density function of these random variable is
2
(2𝑥 + 3𝑦), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥) = {5 }
0 , 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
∞ ∞
c. Verify of ∫−∞ ∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 1
∞ ∞ 1 1 1 1
2 2 1 2 2 3 1
∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (2𝑥 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑥2 + 3𝑥𝑦)| 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 + 𝑦2 ) | = 1
−∞ −∞ 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 5 2 0
1 1 1
d. Find 𝑃[(𝑋, 𝑌) ∈ 𝐴], 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 0 < 𝑥 < , <𝑦< }
2 4 2
1 1 1 1
∞ ∞ 1/2
22 22
1 22 1 3 2 1 3
∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (2𝑥 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑥2 + 3𝑥𝑦)|2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = ( 𝑦 + 𝑦2 ) |21
1 1
−∞ −∞ 1/4 0 5 5
0
5 4 2 5 4 4
4 4
4
13
=
160
 Solution for Assignment (Class C)

𝟏. Determine the value c so that each of the following functions can serve as a probability distribution
of the discrete random variable X:
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐(𝑥 2 + 4), 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0,1,2,3
x 0 1 2 3 
f(x) 4c 5c 8c 13c 20c
1
𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐 =
20
2 3
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 ( ) ( ) , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0,1,2
𝑥 3−𝑥
x 0 1 2 
f(x) 1c 6c 3c 10c
1
𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐 =
10

𝟐. The proportion of people who respond to a certain mail, order solicitation is a continuous random
variable X that has the density function;
2(𝑥 + 2)
𝑓(𝑥) = { , 0 < 𝑥 < 1}
5
0 , 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
a. Show that P(0 < 𝑥 < 1) =1
1
2(𝑥 + 2) 1 4 1
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = [ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥| ] = 1
0 5 5 5 0
b. Find the probability that more than ¼ but fewer than ½ of the people contacted will respond to this type of
solicitation
1 1
2 2(𝑥 + 2) 1 4 19
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 |21 =
1 5 5 5 80
4
4

𝟑. A privately owned business operates both a drive-in facility and walk-in facility. On a randomly selected day, let X
and Y, respectively, be the proportions of the time that the drive-in and the walk-in facilities are in use, and suppose that
the joint density function of these random variable is
2
(2𝑥 + 3𝑦), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥) = {5 }
0 , 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
∞ ∞
e. Verify of ∫−∞ ∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 1
∞ ∞ 1 1 1 1
2 2 1 2 2 3 1
∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (2𝑥 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑥2 + 3𝑥𝑦)| 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 + 𝑦2 ) | = 1
−∞ −∞ 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 5 2 0
1 1 1
f. Find 𝑃[(𝑋, 𝑌) ∈ 𝐴], 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 0 < 𝑥 < , <𝑦< }
2 4 2
1 1 1 1
∞ ∞ 1/2
22 22
1 22 1 3 2 1 3
∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (2𝑥 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑥2 + 3𝑥𝑦)|2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = ( 𝑦 + 𝑦2 ) |21
1 1
−∞ −∞ 1/4 0 5 5
0
5 4 2 5 4 4
4 4
4
13
=
160