Wynter Bess

Zack De Piero

English 15 Rhetoric & Composition

December 6, 2018

Annotated Bibliography

Granados, J. A., & Roux, A. V. (2009). Life and death during the Great Depression. ​Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences,106​(41), 17290-17295. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904491106
Granados and Roux describes the importance of the 1930 Great Depression. They
researched trends and examined associations between annual changes in health indicators and
annual changes in economic activity. “The only exception was suicide mortality which increased
during the Great Depression, but accounted for less than 2% of deaths.” This reading and
research encourages readers to learn more about the great depression and how it has affected the
community. They conclude saying how the population health tends to evolve better during
recessions than in expansions.

Parmar, D., Stavropoulou, C., & Ioannidis, J. P. (2016). Health outcomes during the 2008
financial crisis in Europe: Systematic literature review. ​Bmj,I​ 4588. doi:10.1136/bmj.i4588
Parmar, Stavropoulou, and Ioannidis objective in this article was to “systematically
identify, critically appraise, and synthesise empirical studies about the impact of the 2008
financial crisis in Europe on health outcomes.” They included research methods that studied
reports on the impacts of the financial crisis on health outcomes in Europe. As a result from the
research 41 studies met the inclusion criteria, and focused on suicide, mental health, self rated
health, mortality, and other health outcomes. Of those studies, 30 were deemed to be at high risk
of bias, nine at moderate risk of bias, and only two at low risk of bias, limiting the conclusions
that can be drawn. The three concluded that the crisis did not reverse the trend of decreasing
overall mortality and the financial crisis in Europe seemed to have had effects on health
outcomes, with evidence consistent for suicides and mental health.
Kennedy, J., & King, L. (2014). and the political economy of farmers' suicides in india: Indebted
cash-crop farmers with marginal landholdings explain state-level variation in suicide rates.
Globalization and Health, 10​(1), 16-16. doi:10.1186/1744-8603-10-16
Kennedy and Kings steps outside of the economy in this article and highlights a specific
job in the economy where an individual was affected by an economic downfall. They describe
how cotton over the years have become a less profitable crop to grow. Becoming a less profitable
crop to grow, cotton farmers struggled and unfortunately had high suicide rates. “Cotton
production is the main source of income for approximately 100 million families in over 70
countries.”(1) In the last decade about 300,000 Indian farmers have committed suicide making
the suicide rate for farmers approximately 47% percent above average in India. Kennedy and
King conclude how other factors within farming could help decrease the suicide rate within
farmers.

Glewwe, P., & Hall, G. (1998). Are some groups more vulnerable to macroeconomic shocks than
others? hypothesis tests based on panel data from peru.​ Journal of Development Economics,
56​(1), 181-206. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00058-3
Glewwe and Hall questions which economic groups are most vulnerable to welfare
declines during a macroeconomic shock. In the article they introduce to us how the 1980s were a
difficult time for developing countries. They state how researchers claim that certain economic
groups are particularly vulnerable to shocks. They “contrast policy-induced vulnerability and
how it reflects government decisions, which may not affect the same groups in countries across
other countries.”(7) In conclusion, they find that female-headed households appear less
vulnerable to macroeconomic shocks than male-headed households.

Nandi, A., Charters, T. J., Strumpf, E. C., Heymann, J., & Harper, S. (2013). Economic
conditions and health behaviours during the ‘Great Recession’. ​Journal of Epidemiology and
Community Health,67(​ 12), 1038-1046. doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202260
Nandi, Charters, Strumpf, Heymann and Harper hypothesise how the adoption of
healthier behaviors can improve health conditions during economic downturns. They estimated
effects of local unemployment rate on health behaviors from surveys from the 2003-2010
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. ​Nandi, Charters, Strumpf, Heymann (2013)
concluded that as a result “The average unemployment rate across MSAs increased from a low
of 4.5% in 2007 to a high of 9.3% in 2010” (p. 1).​Unfortunately, their result do not support their
hypothesis that health behaviors mediate the effects of local-area economic conditions on
mortality.