TABLE OF CONTENT

No. Content Page

1. Introduction
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Literature View 2
1.3 Problem Statement 3
1.4 Objective 4
1.5 Scope and Limitaton 5
2. General Description
2.1 System Function 6
2.2 Genaral Constrains 6
2.3 Design expertise from various technical fields 7
2.4 Project Design 8
3. Methodology
3.1 Stratergy and Approach 10
3.2 Techniques 11
3.3 Block Diagram 12
3.4 Flowchart 13
3.5 Resources 14
4. Details Requirements
4.1 Microcontroller 15
4.2 IR Sensor 15
4.3 light dependent resistor 15
4.4 light Emitting Diode 16
4.5. Power Supply 16
4.6 Tools and Equipment 16

5. Project Schedule 17
5.1 Cost Of Implication 22

6. Conclusion
6.1 Project Deliveribles 23

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 LIST OF TABLES

List of Tables Page

Table 1: Cost of Project 22

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES

List of Figure Page

Figure 1: Proposed Schematic Circuit of Smart Street Light System 8

Figure 2: Block Diagram of Smart Street Light System 12

Figure 3: Flowchart of the system 13

Figure 4: Project Structure 18

Figure 5: Project Schedule 21

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 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

From 2016 to 2026, global investment in LED street lighting is expected to be $57
billion. There are currently 315 million total streetlights in the world. This number will
grow to 359 million total streetlights by 2026. The public outdoor lighting market is
currently undergoing a period of change where legacy streetlights are being replaced
with new and more efficient LED, or solid-state lighting, technology. Taking this new
technology a step further, these LED streetlights are also being networked together with
communications to become smart streetlights. This study analyzes and forecasts the
global market for both LED and smart street lighting through 2026.

LED streetlights will transform cities and municipalities across the globe over
the next decade. LEDs offer longer lifetimes, lower energy consumption, and reduced
maintenance expenses when compared with legacy streetlight technologies. In most
developed countries, LEDs are already an economically beneficial alternative to
existing streetlights over the lifetime of the streetlight when energy savings are
considered, despite their higher upfront cost.

But in the next few years, LED streetlights are expected to reach cost parity with
legacy technologies (and in some cases already have), making their benefits to costs
immediately positive. At this point, they will make economic sense as replacements in
almost all countries. Also, many emerging market countries are rapidly urbanizing and
in need of improved urban infrastructure, creating further drivers for this market.

LEDs are now the standard replacement for legacy lighting in most cities around
the world. At the same time, smart controls are becoming more mainstream and are
increasingly installed alongside LED deployments. Adding controls to street lighting
systems offers many benefits, but controls technology is not being adequately exploited.
Cities are missing out on increased energy and maintenance savings and the opportunity
to use smart street lighting networks as a platform for other smart city applications.

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 The next frontier for smart street lighting networks involves rapidly increasing
deployments of controls technology and a transition to being utilized as a broader
platform for smart city innovations. Sensors and other technologies are being added to
smart street lighting networks to offer a multitude of new city services, including
gunshot detection, air quality monitoring, EV charging, traffic management, and smart
parking. The vision of a city lighting network is one that provides a platform for a range
of innovative smart solutions, helping cities increase efficiency, raise additional
revenue, keep residents safe, improve sustainability, and make them attractive to new
residents and businesses. According to Navigant Research, the global installed base of
smart street lights is expected to reach nearly 73 million worldwide by 2026.

This Navigant Research report analyzes the evolution of smart street lighting
technology and market trends, with a focus on how smart street lighting can be used as
a platform for additional smart city applications. The study analyzes the drivers for the
transformation in the lighting market, including financial, environmental, and economic
factors, and assesses approaches to smart street lighting in different regions. Global
market forecasts of smart street lighting hardware, software applications, and services,
broken out by segment and region, extend through 2026. The report also examines
significant smart street lighting projects and case studies of major deployments from
around the world, as well as the competitive landscape.

1.2 Literature Review

This study focus on the economical friendly street light. Based on the investigation from
a few countries which are China, Hong Kong, Dubai, New York, Brazil and Spain, the
power consumed by these countries is very high and less efficient. This will affect the
economy of the countries in order to pay the cost of facilities because there will be 30%
increase in energy demand in coming few years.

The smart street light basically have three main parts which are input from the
sensor, the processing part using ATMega328P and the light emitting diode (LED). The
methods used in this smart street light system are the infrared sensor and the Light
Dependent Resistors (LDR). These two components act as the switch in the program.
Light Dependent Resistors (LDR), are light sensitive devices most often used to

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indicate the presence or absence of light or to measure the light intensity. In the dark,
their resistance is very high, sometimes up to 1MΩ, but when the LDR sensor is
exposed to light, the resistance drops dramatically, even down to a few ohms, depending
on the light intensity. LDRs have a sensitivity that varies with the wavelength of the
light applied and are nonlinear devices. The IR Sensor act as the secondary switch to
control the brightness of the street light. IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor
to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-Red (IR) spectrum. By using a LED
which produces light at the same wavelength as what the sensor is looking for and look
at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close to the sensor, the light
from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results in a large
jump in the intensity, which we already know can be detected using a threshold.

However The Atmega328 is one of the microcontroller chips that is used with
the popular Arduino. The Atmega328 has 32K of flash program memory and 2K of
Internal SRAM. The Atmega328 has 28 pins. It has 14 digital I/O pins, of which 6 can
be used as PWM outputs and 6 analog input pins. These I/O pins account for 20 of the
pins. A light-emitting diode (LED) device that emits visible light when an
electric current passes through it. The output from an LED can range from red to blue-
violet .

So the project proposed is about a smart street light where the it is a system that
helps to reduce the money expensed on this facility. Besides, rather than turning off the
street light in order to save the energy, it is programmed to dim when no object
(pedestrian or vehicle) cross the road and it will turn bright when the sensors are
triggered by these objects.

1.3 Problem Statement

Electricity is one of the basic necessities where today’s world is highly dependent on.
However, the drastic pace at which we continue to consume electricity will only make
providing it difficult over the long term. Conserving energy is not just about saving the
costs, it involves in being eco-friendly, thereby protecting the environment. To produce
electricity, the burning of petroleum and coal are required which this will gave an
abundant amount of carbon dioxide emission. By using a limited amount of electricity

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to fulfill one’s needs is acceptable, however it will be a major issue when the excess
energy provided is waste. Over the past few years, the electricity consumption has
increased massively due to the development of rural area to be a residential area. The
energy usage for street light become one of the factors that lead to electricity wastage.
The current street light used a timer to set it on or off. This help the street light to turn
on or off automatically on a real time clock but it become less efficient as the light will
always turned on if it is used or not. Hence, there are possible ways to overcome this
problem such as:

1. Installed a weight sensor in the road which will detect the mass of a vehicle to
turn on/off the light from the given time. This is not practical as it will increase
the installment cost as this require to dig the bitumen to place in it.
2. On the current street light system, the light dependent resistor can be located on
the streetlight. This will help the light to turn on if it receives a low light
intensity based on the current weather and time. Yet, this solution cannot
overcome the ongoing complication as it just an improvement toward the
contemporary system.
3. Another way out of the current problem is to install light dependent resistor and
infrared sensor that will control the street light system. Basically, the light
dependent resistor will control based on the light intensity while the infrared
sensor will control the brightness of the street light. When there is no vehicle or
pedestrian detected, the light will in dim condition. This may become a best
solution as it is easy and low cost to be installed on the present system.

1.4 Objective

The main intention of this project is to design, develop and construct a smart street light
prototype which implements a new concept so that it could effectively and efficiently.
The specific aims are divided as follows;

1. To design and develop the hardware using the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
and IR Sensor to follow a line based on the ATMEGA 328P microcontroller.

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 2. To design and develop a control system for smart street light so that it can detect
the presence of pedestrian and vehicle come across the road using the C program
through the Arduino IDE software for the development of environment.

3. To evaluate the performance of the street light which will be tested on a simulated
road by considering the power saving in detecting the presence of the pedestrian
and vehicles across the road through two condition, dim and bright of the LED.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The smart street light will be based on two input component which is IR Sensor and
LDR. These two components act like a switch in the circuit. The LDR will detect the
light intensity and act like main switch where this component will turn on or turn off
the circuit. IR Sensor is used to control the brightness of the output LED. The IR Sensor
will send signal to the microcontroller when these components detect the object that
cross the infrared line. The toy car will be used to test the detection for the IR Sensor.
The technique will be tested in a controlled room environment and the lightning of the
room will be adjusted to a various ambient intensities to the effectiveness of the LDR.
Ten LEDs will be used as the output to indicate he street light. The first five LED will
turn bright after the vehicle cross the IR Sensor and the next five LED will turn bright
after the vehicle cross the second IR Sensor and at the same time the first five LED will
turn dim back. This technique wil be used as to test the effectiveness of the LED when
the microcontroller send the signal to the system.

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 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

2.1 System Function

A small prototype of road with two ways of going back and forth and having a line of
street lights will be constructed as to test how the sensors respond towards the detected
objects. The first sensor to be used is the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) where this
sensor detects the changes of the weather depending on the intensity of the light. For
example, in the morning where the intensity of light is very high, the Light Emitting
Diode (LED) which functions as the street light will not turn on. If the weather turns
dark and suddenly goes raining, the LED will turn on. Whereby at night where the
intensity of light is very low, the LED will turn on but will be set as dimmer when no
object like pedestrian or vehicles pass through the road. This circuit will be interfaced
with the second sensor which is the IR Sensor where this sensor is used to detect the
movement of object that pass through the line. This sensor then will trigger the LED to
change to bright from dim when pedestrian or vehicles pass through this road prototype.
A car toy will be used as the objects for the IR sensor to detect it. Besides that, power
source for the LED to turn on is sourced from the 9V battery which could supply the
energy possibly for about 15 minutes.

The circuit of this prototype is basically controlled by the 8-bit microcontroller

of the ATMega328P where this microcontroller will be programmed in order to control
the behaviour of the sensors.

2.2 General Constraints

The performance of the street light is depending on its ability and electronics of the
controller to process information. The IR sensor that will be used in this circuit will be
able to provide a higher frequency range besides it can emits and detects the infrared
radiations to sense its surroundings. In electromagnetic spectrum, the infrared portion
of this IR sensor is basically the near infrared region where the wavelength of this
region is between 700 nm to 1400 nm. The basic concept of the IR sensor which is used
as Obstacle detector is to transmit an infrared signal, where this signal bounces from

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the surface of the vehicle and the signal is received at the infrared receiver and hence
will turn the LED to bright from dim.

Whereby, the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor is interfaced in this

circuit as to detect the changes in the intensity of light. When the intensity of light is
higher in daylight where the sun shine brightly, the LDR will turn off the LED by giving
0 to the microcontroller. At the condition when the intensity of light is low for example
when it is at night or suddenly raining in the day, LDR will detect the changes will give
1 to the microcontroller to turn on the LED.

2.3 Design expertise from various technical fields

The overall system design and development tasks for this project cover several technical
disciplines. First is the Electrical design where this circuit needs power supply in order
for the microcontroller to control the sensors and hence provide the output to the circuit.

Next is the software design. A software of Arduino IDE is used to program the
codes into the microcontroller. This program will be written as to control the behaviour
of the sensors, LDR and the IR sensor according to what has been planned which to be
more efficient on energy usage.

Besides that, the technical discipline is also based from the mechanical design.
From this aspect, a hardware and prototype will be designed as to test the program
running smoothly on the prototype. This prototype will be based on the project title
which is the Smart Street Light, so a sample of road will be designed with few street
lights which contain LEDs will be placed along the road.

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 ARD1

ON
Reset BTN

www.TheEngineeringProjects.com
D1
AREF
R1
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PB5/SCK
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12 1k D2
RESET 11 DIODE-LED
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ATMEGA328P-PU
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A0 ~ PD7/AIN1
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PC4/ADC4/SDA PD1/TXD 1 1k D5
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1k D10
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TORCH_LDR R10
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2

Figure 1: Proposed Schematic Circuit of Smart Street Light

The S1 and S2 is the replacement for IR sensor in the simulation.

Finally is the embedded system design. It is a computer system with a dedicated

function within a larger mechanical and electrical system, often with real time
computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device including hardware
and mechanical parts. This embedded system controls the sensors used in this project
in order for the street light to behaviour in a proper and efficient way so that energy
consumed can be reduced as it will be part of the eco-friendly project.

2.4 Project Design

There are few design constraints that involved in this project. The first area of
application that involved is this project is an economic in design. This project is
expected to be in affordable price range as the cost of LED is very low besides the
maintenance for this project will be at low cost.

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 Besides that, Smart Street Light also is an environmental efficient to the
surroundings. This project could save the energy consumed around 30% to 50%
because it will be using two sensors which are IR sensor and LDR sensor. IR sensor
will be used to detect the vehicle that cross and pass through the road and it will the
trigger the LED to light up. Whereby, LDR sensor will act as to dim or bright the LED
depending on the intensity of light during day and night. So in this case, the LDR could
save the energy used because it will trigger the LED to be in bright or dim condition as
if no vehicle pass through the road, the LED will remain in dim condition and no extra
energy will be consumed

Finally is safety. This project also provides a safety to the pedestrians because
the LED will remain to light up but in dim condition. So, the pedestrians that walk by
the road will be in safe and doesn’t have to feel afraid and accidents could be avoided.
This will be efficient in energy consumption as it is only used a low power to light up
the LED.

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 3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 Strategy and Approach

Smart Street Light System is using the IR sensor as the input to receive data. The reason
why IR sensor is used in this system is because IR sensor is quite cheaper than using
the Ultrasonic sensor. Rather than using the Ultrasonic sensor, IR sensor can detects the
motion.

At the same time, this system also is using the LDR. This is because LDR is
way cheaper in the market which only cost around RM0.45 each. LDR also is widely
being used as it is readily available besides it is available in the libraries which can
come out with solution straight away.

Furthermore, LED also will be used as the output of this system to indicate the
street. It is very easy to be installed in a system that is using a huge amount of street
light. At the same time, LED also is very easy to be programmed in the software because
its condition is only depending on the two sensors which are LDR, to turn it on and off,
and the IR sensor which will make it dim or bright by detecting the movement of an
object.

On the other hands, ATMEGA328P is used as the brain of this project in order
to control the behaviour of the sensors and the output of this system. This
microcontroller is currently being used widely around the world as it is interfaced on
the Arduino UNO directly and can be taken out from the Arduino to stand alone on the
circuit. ATMega328P is an excellent features which includes cost efficient and low
power dissipation where these features are very suitable as the aim for this project is to
reduce power consumption and it is part of the eco-friendly project.

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3.2 Techniques

Based on the strategy that has been approached earlier, IR sensor measures only infrared
radiation, rather than emitting it. This sensor will be used as it sends the infrared
radiation to detect the reflection which will observe the presence of the vehicle that
cross the road under the street light. At the same time, it will allow the LED to light up
at bright condition whereby if no vehicle pass the road, the LED will stay dim at a low
power usage as this will prioritize the safety of the pedestrian so that they can walk
freely without fear.

Besides that, the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) also will be used as it is an

analog device in detecting the light. LDR is a special type of resistor that allows higher

voltages to pass through it (low resistance) whenever there is a high intensity of light,
and passes a low voltage which indicates a high resistance whenever it is dark. The
LDR gives out an analog voltage when connected to VCC (5V), which varies in
magnitude in direct proportion to the input light intensity on it. That is, the greater the
intensity of light, the greater the corresponding voltage from the LDR will be.

LED as the output of this circuit is used by receiving the signal from the two
sensors. It is a pn-junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable
voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes
within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.

Finally, ATMEGA328P as it is an eight (8) bit micro-controller where it can

handle the data sized of up to eight (8) bits. It is an AVR based micro-controller. Its
built in internal memory is around 32KB. It operates ranging from 3.3V to 5V and has
an ability to store the data even when the electrical supply is removed from its biasing
terminals. This ATMEGA328P can be program easily using the Arduino Software in
which it can be attached on the Arduino UNO board and its program is easy to
understand as it is using the C language.

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3.3 Block Diagram

This project design consists of hardware and software elements. The overall design of
block diagram for these project has three main part which are input, microcontroller
and the output. A basic LDR and IR Sensor is the hardware’s front end, to detect the
condition of the weather to turn on and turn off the circuit and also to control the
brightness of the light.

LDR

Detect the weather

condition
Microcontroller

IR Sensor Processing and analyse signal

or data from the LDR and IR The LED indicate as street
Detect the Sensor send to LED light
pedestrian
or vehicle

Figure 2: Block Diagram of Smart Street Light System

Central to the hardware is a microcontroller, consists of a programming to

process and analyse, store and process the data from the input signal, and make decision
for the street light to operate. The basic building block of the system is shown in Figure
1. We expect to use a relatively easy-to-operate microcontroller, which is ATMEGA
328P to carry out essential processing, which specific techniques such as to detect
weather conditions and detect pedestrians or cars can be implemented accordingly. The
idea of the control the street light is to save energy consumption.

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3.4 Flow Chart

The flowchart below shows the basic operation of the Smart Street Light system.

Figure 3: Flow Chart of the system

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 From the flowchart, the system will require three conditions for its to
functioning well. Firstly, there will be an external switch for its to turn on/off the system.
When the switched is pressed, the system will turn of but if not pressed, the system will
keep running on loop. Secondly, the light dependent resistor (LDR) will detect the
intensity of light from surrounding. For certain range of values of light intensity, it will
turn on/off the street light. If the intensity of light is high, the street light will be in low
condition while the LDR detecting the small light intensity, the street light will turn on
but the light will be in dim condition. Next, the infrared sensor will be used to determine
the third condition. When the sensor senses the car in certain range of distance, the
street light will turn on brightly. If there is no car detected, the street light will stay in
dim condition.

3.5 Resources

To support the design development of the control street light for the ATMEGA 328P
platform, there are tools available for this microcontroller which are ARDUINO IDE.
This software quite popular among the student to make the project use microcontroller
platforms, this software also available as free download from the Arduino website. The
ATMEGA 328P will be used together with the Arduino UNO and Arduino IDE and
this procedure can be done on a PC or laptop. Transferring of the executable code to
the target system can be done quite easily using a USB based programmer.

Furthermore, small components like resistors also will be used to support the
circuit of this system. This resistor is used to limit the current that flows through the
circuit because few components doesn’t support a very high current and this will blow
the component.

In order to complete this project, the task has been distributed among the team
members on what each member has to do. Every team members including the team
leader has their own roles in which some do the software parts, some will develop the
hardware and testing the performance of this system.

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 4. DETAIL REQUIREMENTS

There are few components that will be used in this Smart Street Light system which are
described as follows:

4.1 Microcontroller

The ATMega328P microcontroller will be used in this project as the brain of the circuit.
It is an eight (8) bit micro-controller where it can handle the data sized of up to eight
(8) bits. It is an AVR based micro-controller. Its built in internal memory is around
32KB. It operates ranging from 3.3V to 5V and has an ability to store the data even
when the electrical supply is removed from its biasing terminals. ATMega328P is an
excellent features which includes cost efficient and low power dissipation where these
features are very suitable as the aim for this project is to reduce power consumption and
it is part of the eco-friendly project.

4.2 IR Sensor

An infrared is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can detects the motion. This type of sensor measures only
infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor. In this
projecr, IR sensor will be used to detect the presence of the vehicle that cross the road
under the street light and it will allow the LED to light up at bright condition whereby
if no vehicle pass the road, the LED will stay dim at a low power usage as this will
prioritize the safety of the pedestrian so that they can walk freely without fear.

4.3 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Sensor

Photoresistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a light-controlled

variable resistor. The resistance of a LDR decreases with increasing incident light
intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A LDR can be applied in light-
sensitive detector circuits, and light- and dark-activated switching circuits. LDR will be
used as to detect the intensity of light during daylight and at night as it will control the
LED by turning it on or off depending on the intensity of the light detected by the LDR
sensor.

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4.4 Light Emitting Diode (LED)

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a pn-

junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to
the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device,
releasing energy in the form of photons. LED will be used as the output of this project
as it will indicate the street light and controlled by the two sensors which are IR sensor
and LDR sensor. Instead of using LCD, LED is used in this project because it is very
low cost to be implemented rather than using the LCD which is quite expensive.

4.6 Power Supply

The main power source for this Smart Street Light system will be based on the 9V
battery. This 9V battery will supply the voltage to power up the circuit so that the two
sensors, IR Sensor and LDR can operate and control the LEDs based on the
ATMega328P microcontroller.

4.7 Tool Equipments (Basic Tools)

There will be few tool equipments that will be used in order to complete this project.
First is the soldering iron. This soldering iron will be used to solder all the components
including the sensors on the circuit and also connects them using the jumper wire.
Besides that, multimeter also will be used for troubleshooting. If any of the component
is fail to operate, multimeter is used to detect the flow of current along the line of the
connection.

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 5. PROJECT SCHEDULE

To perform the whole process for this project, it can be broken down based on the
three main parts which are;

1. System Design and Development

2. Procurement

3. Documentation

Figure 2 as shown bellow will explain more about the project structure for this smart
street light project.

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 Figure 1: Project Structure

Figure 4: Project Structure

From the project structure, smart street light is divided into three parts which
sre system design and develop, procurement and documentation. The first step to
complete this project is system design and develop. Under this part, every team
members must understand the concept of the project and start to plan for the project.
Under the project planning there will be three aspects which include to develop the
prototype of smart street light to be success. The first aspect is electrical design where
in this part, everything about electrical will be inspected according to the expected result.
The LDR, IR Sensor and LED are used under the circuit assembly . The purpose of
assembly and test component is to make sure that all components used in this project
works properly as expected. If error happens with the connection or anything related to
electrical, then they will be troubleshooted to avoid initial error before proceed to the
next step. After all components have been checked or no errors detected, the schematic

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will be designed in order to interface all the components onto the breadboard. After all
the components have been assembled onto one circuit, it will then be tested again as to
detect the error or fail component when they are combined together. If the test shows a
good result, proceed to the next step which is the PCB layout to make the components
more organized. After the PCB layout is done, the test will be done again to check for
the error of the component that has been connected on the PCB board. If no errors
detected, the circuit then can be finalized.

The second aspect is sofware design. In this part, basically every team members
will design the coding as to make sure the output for this project wil be as expected.
Firstly, the design coding for LDR is to test its function and how it detects the intensity
of light. Next, the design coding for the IR Sensor is to know the operation and its range,
how far it can detect the object. Lastly, the design coding for the led is to test the
function of the LED. After all the testing for the component coding is done, it will be
compiled together as to make sure the programming work smoothly. If some errors
detected during the compilation, it will be fixed immediately. The program codes can
be finalized after all the steps have completed.

The third aspect is mechanical design where in this section, the prototype will
be designed. The purpose of this prototype is to develop the hardware so that it can be
implemented in real life.

The last part is documentation. In this part, the proposal is prepared as to

propose the title of the project to the lecturer. The lecturer will monitor and check as to
ensure all the description and ideas have been included in the proposal. At the same
time, student must update the logbook as they need to explain and discuss the progress
of what they do and it must be recorded. After all the documentation has been done, the
final report is prepared and then it will be submitted to the lecturer for evaluation.

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20
 Figure 5: Project Schedule

P1- AMIRUL AZRI

P2- MUHAMMAD SOLAHUDDIN

P3- TENGKU AHMAD NAZIRULMUBIN

The timeline or project schedule to complete these task can be easily created
by performing the Gantt Chart. Every team member will follow the schedule in order
to complete this project. The duration for this project to be completed is 14 weeks. Each
team member has been given different task according to the group discussion and the
consent of each.Table shows above is the Gantt chat. This Gantt chat is the estimation
time of the project to complete.

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5.1 Cost of Implication

This project needs a several component and table below shown the cost for each
component and the total cost for final product.

Budget Details Quantity Price Total Price

1. LED Super 5 RM 0.20 RM 1.00
Bright
2. LED Ultra 5 RM 0.40 RM 2.00
Bright

3. Donut Board 1 RM 4.50 RM 4.50

Large

4. IC Socket 28 1 RM 0.55 RM 0.55

Pin

5. LDR 3 RM 0.45 RM 1.35

6. IR Sensor 2 RM 10.00 RM 20.00

7. Toy Car 1 RM 5.00 RM 5.00

8. 9V Battery 1 RM 7.00 RM 7.00

9. Jumper Wire 3 meter RM 3.00 RM 3.00

10. Arduino UNO 1 RM 71.00 RM 71.00

11. ATMEGA 1 RM 15.90 RM 15.90

328P

12. Soldering Iron 1 RM 94.00 RM 94.00

13. Breadboard 1 RM 3 RM 3
Total RM 131.30

Table 1: Cost of Project

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 6. CONCLUSION

6.1 Project Deliveribles

At the end of this project, a functional prototype of smart street light system will be
produced. It will demonstrate that the prototype will be autonomously turned on/off
depending on the surround light intensity. The project will have two infrared sensor
which will control five LEDs each. It may perform as the sensor will control the
brightness of LEDs if it is switched on.

This design concept implements simple technologies but yet it is very

economical and effective. It can be implanted in the current street light system where
the potential application is for various cities worldwide. The cities that use this system
will save the energy consumption and this will lead to reduce in cost as it can be planted
on roadway, streets, tunnels, highways, residential and pedestrian lighting. Then, by
avoiding long lasting outages and by saving energy, the streets are brighter at night,
improving security for pedestrians and drivers, increasing the feeling of safety for
citizens, and beautifying the city with a nice and warm atmosphere until dawn. In
addition, the cities can now leverage their streetlight network into a city-wide smart city
network where to plug any smart street device, providing new services to
citizens, reducing cost of deploying smart city applications and accelerating the
adoption of new technologies for a safer city. With this project, it becomes easier, faster
and less expensive to deploy pollution sensors, parking place sensors, electrical vehicle
charging stations, panic buttons, security applications and energy/water meters.

The Smart Street Light system and prototype also provide benefits for the
students in order to complete it. A lot of knowledge an experience can be gained before
implementing the project by studying and researching the current issues on energy
saving. Other than that, the programming skills of students will enhance by completing
a functional prototype using Arduino that require a C++ skill as basic language. The
implementation of this project also exposing the students on the best schematic design
before manufacturing it in different approach either PCB etching or using strip board.

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Reference

[1] S. S. Badgelwar and H. M. Pande, “Survey on energy efficient smart street light
system,” Proc. Int. Conf. IoT Soc. Mobile, Anal. Cloud, I-SMAC 2017, pp. 866–
869, 2017.

[2] P. C. Veena, P. Tharakan, H. Haridas, K. Ramya, R. Joju, and T. S. Jyothis,

“Smart street light system based on image processing,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf.
Circuit, Power Comput. Technol. ICCPCT 2016, 2016.

[3] V. K. Bhangdiya, “Low power consumption of LED street light based on smart
control system,” Proc. - Int. Conf. Glob. Trends Signal Process. Inf. Comput.
Commun. ICGTSPICC 2016, pp. 619–622, 2017.

[4] H. B. Khalil, N. Abas, and S. Rauf, “Intelligent street light system in context of
smart grid,” 8th Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Netw. Technol. ICCCNT 2017,
2017.

[5] M. Revathy, S. Ramya, R. Sathiyavathi, B. Bharathi, and V. M. Anu,

“Automation of Street Light For Smart City,” pp. 918–922, 2017.

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