(Fluid Mechanics Reviewer)

PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE
1) In the Manometer shown, the fluid from A
to B is mercury (S.G.=13.6) and from B to C
is oil (S.G.=0.8). What height of mercury will
give a pressure of 226.30 g/cm2at c?
Given/Figure:

Given/Figure:
Solution:
Pressure at C:
Solution:
By pressure eqn. ,AC

( ) ( ) ( )

( )( ) ( )( )

By pressure eqn. ,AC

( ) ( ) 3) For a gage reading of -17.2 kPa,

determine the elevation of the liquid surface
( )( ) ( )( )( ) of the open piezometer E,F and G.

By pressure head eqn. ,wrt water, AC

( ) ( )

( )

2) Two Pipes A and B contain fluid flowing

under pressure. They are connected by a
differential gage as shown. If the Pa is 70
kPa, what is the pressure at b?
 4) In the fig. shown, the areas of the plunger
A and the cylinder B are 0.004m2 and 0.4 m2,
respectively and the weight of B is 40 N.

The connecting passages are filled with oil with

sg=0.75, what F is required for equilibrium
neglect weight of A.

Given/Figure:

Given/Figure:

Solution: Solution:
By pressure equation:
By Pressure Equation
;
AE
( ) ( )( )( )
( )( )( )
F=0.385 kN
H=2.505 m

Elev. = 15-2.505=12.495m
5) With one end closed, a 3-m long tube is
AF immersed vertically with the open end down
the tank of water until the open end is
( ) ( )
submerged to a depth of 1.2 m. neglecting
( )( )( ) the vapor pressure, how far will the water
level inside the tube be below the water
level at the top?
Elev. = 11.6+0.627=12.227m
Given/Fig
A G ure:

( ) ( ) ( )

( )( )( ) ( )
( )( )
A

Elev. = 8+2.64=10.64m
B
Solution:
By Boyle’s Law:

P1 = 101.325 kPa

V1 =A(3m)

P2=101.325 + PB Solution:
V2=A(3-h)m F= ∫
= ∫ ( )
= ( )∫
( )
= ( )
( )
= ( )
[101.325kPa][A3m2]= F = 52.974 kN
2
[101.325+9.81(1.2-h)]kPa[A(3-h)]m
e=
h=0.252
( )
=
distance from surface: ( )( )
e = 0.5 m; the location of cp is at h = 2
1.2-0.252= 0.948 m m from the FLS.

TOTAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON 2) A rectangular gate 1.6m wide and 2m

SURFACES
1) Water stands on one side of the vertical
walls shown in the figure. Find by
integration, the total pressure on each gate,
and the location of the center of pressure.
Given/Figure:
high has water on one side and is inclined
45° with the horizontal water is 1.50m above
the top of the gate. Determine a) the total
pressure on the gate, the location of the
center of pressure and b) the vertical force
applied at A.
Given/Figure:
Solution: Given/Figure:
a) F =
= 9.81(1.50+1sin45°)(2)(1.6)
F = 69.285 kN

( )
e=
( )( )( )
e = 0.007 m

b) ∑
F(e+1) – Fv(2sin45) = 0
Fv = 54.234 kN

3) Determine the hydrostatic force acting on

the well ABC of the tank shown. Solution:

Given/Figure: FAC = 9.81[ 0.5(3.134) + –

2
0.5 (0.866)]
= 36.770 kN

FAB = 9.81[2(3.134) - ](2)

= 92.159 kN

F = 92.159 – 36.770
F = 18.619 kN

5) Determine the horizontal and vertical

forces due to the water acting on the water
Solution:
2-meter diameter cylinder per meter of its
PB = 0.80(9.81)(3.0) length.
= 23.544 kPa
PB’ = 23.544(1.20) Given/Figure:
= 28.253 kN/m

PC = PB + wh
= 23.544 + 9.81(2)
= 43.164 kPa
PC’ = 43.164(1.2)
= 51.797 kN/m

F = F1 + F2 + F3
=0.5(3)(28. 253) + 2(28.253) +
0.5(2)(51.797-28.253)
F = 122.430 kN

4) A 2m diameter horizontal cylinder 2m

long plugs a 1m x 2m rectangular hole at
the bottom of the tank. With what force P, is
the cylinder pressed against the bottom of
the tank due to the depth of the water?
 4.) Find the depth ‘d’ required to keep the gate in
equilibrium. The mass of block ‘A’ is 2500 kg.
Length along paper is 3 m. Neglect the
thickness of the gate.

Solution:


for FH = whAproj

FH1 = 9.81(4.9 – 1sin45 – 1.707/2)

(1)(1.707)
= 84.499 kN
FH2= 9.81(4.9 – 1 – 0.293/2)
(1)(0.293)
= 16.539kN
FH = 84.499 – 16.539
FH = 67.960 kN

 for FV = wVol

FBD = 9.81[4.193(1-1sin45) + Solution:

(1/(2+1))0.293sin45)](1)
= 12.729 kN
For consistency, try solving
FDA = 9.81[4.9(1) + (42 /4)](1)
everything in terms of ‘d’.
= 55.774 kN
FAC = 9.81[(4.9+4.913+0.707)/2)cos45 +
(45/360) ](1) g, xf, and df are just miscellaneous
= 40.294 kN variables.

FV = 55.774 + 40.294 – 12.729

FV= 83.399kN
W=mg
W = 2500(9.81) = 24525 N
W = 24.525 kN
Fx=whAproj
√
Fx = 9.81(d/2)(3d) xf =
Fx = 14.715d2

Fy= wVol ::Summation of moments about O

Fy = 9.81[( )(3)] 24.525(5sin60) – Fx(xf) – Fx(df) = 0

::Relate d and g √
24.525(5sin60) – ( ) – 14.715d2( )
=0
6.54d3 = 24.525(5sin60)

d = 2.532 m
( )
Fy = 9.81[( )(3)]

Fy =

e= =
( )

e=

df = d – ( )=d–( )

df =

xf = =