LIBUNAO, CAMILLE GRACE B.

4NUR5 RLE 4

Title: The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Diabetic Foot Self-Care

Author: Stacey Wendling, Vera Beadle

APA: Wendling, S., & Beadle, V. (2015). The relationship between self-efficacy and diabetic foot
self-care. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology,2(1), 37-41.
doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2015.01.001

Source of Article: Science Direct

Keyterms used for search: Diabetic foot nursing interventions journal science direct

1. Using the PICO format, formulate your questions?

a. What is the population of interest?
Individuals over 18 years older with diabetes type I and II, with or without ulceration
and are willing to participate in the study

b. What is the intervention implemented on the interest?

Preventive foot self-care: maintenance of health, monitoring of foot, maintaining
proper glucose level, checking feet daily, protecting feet from injury

c. What is the companion or the current applicable practice or status?

All of the interventions mentioned above are current practices and they are very
vital for the improvement of a patient’s condition

d. What is the outcome of Interest?

Advocacy of use of screening instruments to promote patient’s self-efficacy and self-
care behaviors

Research Questions:
 What is the relationship between self-efficacy and self-care between diabetic patients
 How can self-care be improved between diabetic patients
 What are the factors affecting self-efficacy in self care

2. Discus your process of evidence search:

a. Identify the key words used
Diabetes, Self-Care, Self-Efficacy, Foot, Amputation, Nurse Practitioner

b. Identify data bases used

 223 individuals diagnoses with diabetes mellitus I or II, with or without previous foot
ulceration using a convenience sample study

c. Identify at least 5 potential articles relevant to your problem in APA

Ferreira, L., Carvalho, A., & Carvalho, R. (2018). Short-term predictors of amputation in
patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &
Reviews,12(6), 875-879. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.05.007

Lever, C. J. (2018). Diagnosis and management of the acute hot diabetic foot. Orthopaedics
and Trauma,32(6), 416-422. doi:10.1016/j.mporth.2018.09.005

Neelambika, G., Balu, V., Rego, M. R., & Kesari, C. (2018). Integrative approach for diabetic
foot management– a case report. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine.
doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2018.06.009

Sanz-Corbalán, I., Lázaro-Martínez, J. L., García-Morales, E., Molines-Barroso, R., Álvaro-

Afonso, F., & García-Álvarez, Y. (2018). Advantages of early diagnosis of diabetic
neuropathy in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Research and Clinical
Practice,146, 148-154. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.12.018

Wendling, S., & Beadle, V. (2015). The relationship between self-efficacy and diabetic foot
self-care. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology,2(1), 37-41.
doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2015.01.001

d. Choose one article to appraise

The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Diabetic Foot Self-Care

e. Assess the available evidence for its appropriateness and applicability in our
practice
 Appropriateness of the research questions
 Appropriateness of the research design
 Adequacy of the sample
 Validity and reliability of the instruments, data collection activities, and
measures
 Validity of the interventions
 Validity and reliability of the instruments
 Appropriateness of statistical treatments or analysis measures
 Findings and conclusions
The research questions were found to be appropriate to the study and presents a great
contribution to the discovery of new knowledge. The investigators also used a descriptive
correlational design to be able to describe and correlate the two variables being compared which
is self efficacy and self care. The sample size was 223 and all from Michigan, USA. The sample size
would be considered as appropriate since it is a good number, however the locus of the study is
only contained in Michigan and does not really represent all of those who are experiencing the
same condition to be able to fully justify it and considering that they only used a convenience
sample of the adults. For the collection of data an interview and a survey questionnaire was used
and as described it the study, the data gathered was analyzed carefully since experts were
consulted. The interventions mentioned are proven to be valid since they are not new to us
nurses since they are also taught to use and performed during our RLE. The instruments used
were the foot care confidence scale (FCCS) and Nottingham assessment of functional footcare
(NAFF). Findings of the study is that confidence is not the only component of self efficacy and
behavioral change. Motivation must also be given consideration since it influences an individual’s
decision to participate in self care

3. Give your general comment on the study identified

The study focused on the relations of behavior that influences an individual’s ability to
conduct self-care. The results were unexpected since a correlation was not found
between self-efficacy and self care behavior. In fact, motivation came into place as a
predictor for self-care behaviors. I personally agree that motivation is a stronger
predictor in the self-care behavior of patients

4. Give your recommendation for evidence based practice

My recommendation to future researchers that will tackle on this topic would be
conducting a qualitative interview rather than using surveys. It provides a greater insight
for the behaviors regarding selfcare among diabetic patients