Obtain and retain bubbles for effective air-void system in hardened concrete
The small air bubbles that improve
frost resistance in hardened concrete are formed in the ready mix truck or central mixer during mixing. Air-en- training admixtures make the air bub- bles stable while the concrete is trans- ported, placed, and consolidated.
blended with a salt that is attracted to
water. The most common resin comes from boiling down the stumps of pine trees. Because this material has so lit- tle attraction for water it is known chemically as a very insoluble resin, or commonly by its original trade name, Vinsol Resin. Other oils and resins are ir bubbles added to fresh bubbles than the air trapped as the used, mostly by-products from the