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Prandtl's boundary layer equations
Falkner–Skan equation - First order boundary layer[3]
Compressible Falkner–Skan boundary layer[5]
Howarth transformation
See also
References
Wedge flow.
The -momentum equation implies that the pressure in the boundary layer must be equal to that of the free stream for any given coordinate. Because the
velocity profile is uniform in the free stream, there is no vorticity involved, therefore a simple Bernoulli's equation can be applied in this high Reynolds number
limit constant or, after differentiation: Here is the velocity of the fluid outside the boundary layer and is solution of Euler
A number of similarity solutions to this equation have been found for various types of flow, including flat plate boundary layers. The term similarity refers to
the property that the velocity profiles at different positions in the flow are the same apart from a scaling factor. These solutions are often presented in the form
of non-linear ordinary differential equations.
Where is a characteristic length and m is a dimensionless constant. In the Blasius solution, m = 0 corresponding to an angle of attack of zero radians. Thus
we can write:
As in the Blasius solution, we use a similarity variable to solve the boundary layer equations.
It becomes easier to describe this in terms of its stream function which we write as
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12/18/2018 Falkner–Skan boundary layer - Wikipedia
Can now be expressed in terms of the non-linear ODE known as the Falkner–Skan equation.
Falkner-Skan boundary layer
profiles for selected values of .
Here, m < 0 corresponds to an adverse pressure gradient (often resulting in boundary layer separation) while m > 0 represents a favorable pressure gradient.
(Note that m = 0 recovers the Blasius equation). In 1937 Douglas Hartree showed that physical solutions to the Falkner–Skan equation exist only in the range
. For more negative values of m, that is, for stronger adverse pressure gradients, all solutions satisfying the
boundary conditions at η = 0 have the property that f(η) > 1 for a range of values of η. This is physically unacceptable because it implies that the velocity in the
boundary layer is greater than in the main flow.[4]
where is the Prandtl number with suffix representing properties evaluated at infinity. The boundary conditions become
,
.
Unlike the incompressible boundary layer, similarity solution can exists for only if the transformation
Howarth transformation
Introducing the self-similar variables using Howarth–Dorodnitsyn transformation
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12/18/2018 Falkner–Skan boundary layer - Wikipedia
The equation can be solved once are specified. The boundary conditions are
See also
Blasius boundary layer
References
1. V. M. Falkner and S. W. Skan, Aero. Res. Coun. Rep. and Mem. no 1314, 1930.
2. Prandtl, L. (1904). "Über Flüssigkeitsbewegung bei sehr kleiner Reibung". Verhandlinger 3. Int. Math. Kongr. Heidelberg: 484–491.
3. Rosenhead, Louis, ed. Laminar boundary layers. Clarendon Press, 1963.
4. Stewartson, K. (3 December 1953). "Further Solutions of the Falkner-Skan Equation" (https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/conte
nt/view/C64E489495AC8D2B30B0DB7B5BF6E50E/S030500410002956Xa.pdf/div-class-title-further-solutions-of-the-falkner-skan-equation-div.pdf)
(PDF). Mathematical Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 50 (3): 454–465. doi:10.1017/S030500410002956X (https://doi.org/10.1017%2
FS030500410002956X). Retrieved 2 March 2017.
5. Lagerstrom, Paco Axel. Laminar flow theory. Princeton University Press, 1996.
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