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Volume and Surface Area

A right triangle with sides 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm is rotated the side of 3 cm to form
a cone. The volume of the cone so formed is:
A. 12 cm3

B. 15 cm3

C. 16 cm3

D. 20 cm3
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

Clearly, we have r = 3 cm and h = 4 cm.

1 2 1
Volume = rh= x x 32 x 4 = 12 cm3.
3 3 cm3
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2In a shower, 5 cm of rain falls. The volume of water that falls on 1.5 hectares of
. ground is:
A. 75 cu. m

B. 750 cu. m

C. 7500 cu. m

D. 75000 cu. m
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
1 hectare = 10,000 m2
So, Area = (1.5 x 10000) m2 = 15000 m2.
5 1
Depth = m = m.
100 20
1
Volume = (Area x Depth) = 15000 x = 750 m3.
20 m3
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3A hall is 15 m long and 12 m broad. If the sum of the areas of the floor and the
. ceiling is equal to the sum of the areas of four walls, the volume of the hall is:
A. 720

B. 900

C. 1200

D. 1800
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
2(15 + 12) x h = 2(15 x 12)
180 20
h= m = m.
27 3
20
Volume = 15 x 12 x = 1200 m3.
3 m 3

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466 cubic centimetres of silver is drawn into a wire 1 mm in diameter. The length
.of the wire in metres will be:
A. 84

B. 90

C. 168

D. 336
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Let the length of the wire be h.
1 1
Radius = mm = cm. Then,
2 20
22 1 1
x x x h = 66.
7 20 20
66 x 20 x 20 x 7
h= = 8400 cm = 84 m.
22
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5A hollow iron pipe is 21 cm long and its external diameter is 8 cm. If the
. thickness of the pipe is 1 cm and iron weighs 8 g/cm3, then the weight of the
pipe is:
A. 3.6 kg

B. 3.696 kg

C. 36 kg

D. 36.9 kg
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
External radius = 4 cm,
Internal radius = 3 cm.
22
Volume of iron = x [(4)2 - (3)2] x 21
7 cm3

22
= x 7 x 1 x 21
7 cm3

= 462 cm3.

Weight of iron = (462 x 8) gm = 3696 gm = 3.696 kg.

A boat having a length 3 m and breadth 2 m is floating on a lake. The boat sinks
by 1 cm when a man gets on it. The mass of the man is:
 A. 12 kg

B. 60 kg

C. 72 kg

D. 96 kg
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Volume of water displaced = (3 x 2 x 0.01) m3

= 0.06 m3.

Mass of man = Volume of water displaced x Density of water

= (0.06 x 1000) kg

= 60 kg.

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7. 50 men took a dip in a water tank 40 m long and 20 m broad on a religious

day. If the average displacement of water by a man is 4 m3, then the rise in
the water level in the tank will be:
A. 20 cm

B. 25 cm

C. 35 cm

D. 50 cm
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Total volume of water displaced = (4 x 50) m3 = 200 m3.
200
Rise in water level =
40 x 20 m 0.25 m = 25 cm.
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8. The slant height of a right circular cone is 10 m and its height is 8 m. Find the
 area of its curved surface.
A. 30 m2

B. 40 m2

C. 60 m2

D. 80 m2
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
l = 10 m,
h = 8 m.
So, r = l2 - h2 = (10)2 - 82 = 6 m.
Curved surface area = rl = ( x 6 x 10) m2 = 60 m2.
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9. A cistern 6m long and 4 m wide contains water up to a depth of 1 m 25 cm.

The total area of the wet surface is:
A. 49 m2

B. 50 m2

C. 53.5 m2

D. 55 m2
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Area of the wet surface = [2(lb + bh + lh) - lb]

= 2(bh + lh) + lb

= [2 (4 x 1.25 + 6 x 1.25) + 6 x 4] m2

= 49 m2.

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1A metallic sheet is of rectangular shape with dimensions 48 m x 36 m. From

0each of its corners, a square is cut off so as to make an open box. If the length
. of the square is 8 m, the volume of the box (in m3) is:
A. 4830

B. 5120

C. 6420

D. 8960
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Clearly, l = (48 - 16)m = 32 m,
b = (36 -16)m = 20 m,
h = 8 m.
Volume of the box = (32 x 20 x 8) m3 = 5120 m3.
1The curved surface area of a cylindrical pillar is 264 m2 and its volume is 924
1m3. Find the ratio of its diameter to its height.
. A.
3:7

B. 7:3

C. 6:7

D. 7:6
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
r2h 924 924
= r= x2 = 7 m.
2 rh 264 264
7 1 1
And, 2 rh = 264 h= 264 x x x = 6m.
22 2 7
2r 14
Required ratio = =
= 7 : 3.
h 6
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12. A cistern of capacity 8000 litres measures externally 3.3 m by 2.6 m by 1.1 m
and its walls are 5 cm thick. The thickness of the bottom is:
A. 90 cm

B. 1 dm
 C. 1m

D. 1.1 cm
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Let the thickness of the bottom be x cm.
Then, [(330 - 10) x (260 - 10) x (110 - x)] = 8000 x 1000
320 x 250 x (110 - x) = 8000 x 1000
8000 x 1000
(110 - x) = = 100
320 x 250
x = 10 cm = 1 dm.
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13. What is the total surface area of a right circular cone of height 14 cm and
base radius 7 cm?
A. 344.35 cm2

B. 462 cm2

C. 498.35 cm2

D. None of these
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
h = 14 cm, r = 7 cm.
So, l = (7)2 + (14)2 = 245 = 75 cm.
Total surface area = rl + r2

22 22
= x 7 x 75 + x7x7
7 7 cm2

= [154(5 + 1)] cm2

= (154 x 3.236) cm2

= 498.35 cm2.

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14. A large cube is formed from the material obtained by melting three smaller
cubes of 3, 4 and 5 cm side. What is the ratio of the total surface areas of the
smaller cubes and the large cube?
A. 2:1

B. 3:2

C. 25 : 18

D. 27 : 20
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Volume of the large cube = (33 + 43 + 53) = 216 cm3.
Let the edge of the large cube be a.
So, a3 = 216 a = 6 cm.
6 x (32 + 42 + 52) 50
Required ratio = = = 25 : 18.
6x6 2
36
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15. How many bricks, each measuring 25 cm x 11.25 cm x 6 cm, will be needed
to build a wall of 8 m x 6 m x 22.5 cm?
A. 5600

B. 6000

C. 6400

D. 7200
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Volume of the wall 800 x 600 x 22.5
Number of bricks = = = 6400.
Volume of 1 brick 25 x 11.25 x 6
 Area
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
1. Results on Triangles:

i. Sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°.

ii. The sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.
iii. Pythagoras Theorem:
In a right-angled triangle, (Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Height)2.
iv. The line joining the mid-point of a side of a triangle to the positive vertex is called
the median.
v. The point where the three medians of a triangle meet, is called centroid. The
centroid divided each of the medians in the ratio 2 : 1.

vi. In an isosceles triangle, the altitude from the vertex bisects the base.

vii. The median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of the same area.

viii. The area of the triangle formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of a given
triangle is one-fourth of the area of the given triangle.
2. Results on Quadrilaterals:

i. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

ii. Each diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into triangles of the same area.

iii. The diagonals of a rectangle are equal and bisect each other.

iv. The diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other at right angles.

v. The diagonals of a rhombus are unequal and bisect each other at right angles.

vi. A parallelogram and a rectangle on the same base and between the same
parallels are equal in area.

vii. Of all the parallelogram of given sides, the parallelogram which is a rectangle has
the greatest area.
IMPORTANT FORMULAE

I. 1. Area of a rectangle = (Length x Breadth).

 Area Area
Length = and Breadth = .
Breadth Length

II. 2. Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(Length + Breadth).

III. Area of a square = (side)2 = (diagonal)2.

IV. Area of 4 walls of a room = 2 (Length + Breadth) x Height.

V. 1. Area of a triangle = x Base x Height.

2. Area of a triangle = s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
where a, b, c are the sides of the triangle and s = (a + b + c).
3
3. Area of an equilateral triangle = x (side)2.
4
a
4. Radius of incircle of an equilateral triangle of side a = .
23
a
5. Radius of circumcircle of an equilateral triangle of side a = .
3
6. Radius of incircle of a triangle of area and semi-perimeter r = .
s

VI. 1. Area of parallelogram = (Base x Height).

2. Area of a rhombus = x (Product of diagonals).

3. Area of a trapezium = x (sum of parallel sides) x distance between them.

VII. 1. Area of a circle = R2, where R is the radius.

2. Circumference of a circle = 2 R.
2 R
3. Length of an arc = , where is the central angle.
360
1 R2
4. Area of a sector = (arc x R) = .
2 360

VIII. 1. Circumference of a semi-circle = R.

R2
2. Area of semi-circle = .
2
1. The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular park is 3 : 2. If
a man cycling along the boundary of the park at the speed of 12 km/hr
completes one round in 8 minutes, then the area of the park (in sq. m) is:
A. 15360

B. 153600

C. 30720

D. 307200
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
12000
Perimeter = Distance covered in 8 min. = x8
60 m = 1600 m.
Let length = 3x metres and breadth = 2x metres.
Then, 2(3x + 2x) = 1600 or x = 160.
Length = 480 m and Breadth = 320 m.
Area = (480 x 320) m2 = 153600 m2.
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2. An error 2% in excess is made while measuring the side of a square. The

percentage of error in the calculated area of the square is:
A. 2%

B. 2.02%

C. 4%

D. 4.04%
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
100 cm is read as 102 cm.
A1 = (100 x 100) cm2 and A2 (102 x 102) cm2.
(A2 - A1) = [(102)2 - (100)2]
= (102 + 100) x (102 - 100)
= 404 cm2.
 404
Percentage error = x 100 = 4.04%
100 x 100 %
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3. The ratio between the perimeter and the breadth of a rectangle is 5 : 1. If the
area of the rectangle is 216 sq. cm, what is the length of the rectangle?
A. 16 cm

B. 18 cm

C. 24 cm

D. Data inadequate

E. None of these
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
2(l + b) 5
=
b 1
2l + 2b = 5b
3b = 2l
2
b= l
3
Then, Area = 216 cm2
l x b = 216
2
l x l = 216
3
l = 324
2

l = 18 cm.
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4The percentage increase in the area of a rectangle, if each of its sides is

.increased by 20% is:
A. 40%

B. 42%

C. 44%
 D. 46%
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Let original length = x metres and original breadth = y metres.
Original area = (xy) m2.
120 6
New length = x = x
100 m 5 m.
120 6
New breadth = y = y
100 m 5 m.
6 6 36
New Area = xx y 2 = xy 2
5 5 m 25 m.

The difference between the original area = xy and new-area 36/25 xy is

= (36/25)xy - xy
= xy(36/25 - 1)
= xy(11/25) or (11/25)xy
11 1
Increase % = xy x
x 100 = 44%.
25 xy %
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5. A rectangular park 60 m long and 40 m wide has two concrete crossroads

running in the middle of the park and rest of the park has been used as a
lawn. If the area of the lawn is 2109 sq. m, then what is the width of the
road?
A. 2.91 m

B. 3m

C. 5.82 m

D. None of these
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Area of the park = (60 x 40) m2 = 2400 m2.
Area of the lawn = 2109 m2.
Area of the crossroads = (2400 - 2109) m2 = 291 m2.
Let the width of the road be x metres. Then,
 60x + 40x - x2 = 291
x2 - 100x + 291 = 0
(x - 97)(x - 3) = 0
x = 3.

6.
The diagonal of the floor of a rectangular closet is 7 feet. The shorter side
of the closet is 4 feet. What is the area of the closet in square feet?
1
A. 5
4

1
B. 13
2

C. 27

D. 37
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
15 2 9 2
Other side = - ft
2 2

225 81
= - ft
4 4

144
= ft
4

= 6 ft.

Area of closet = (6 x 4.5) sq. ft = 27 sq. ft.

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7A towel, when bleached, was found to have lost 20% of its length and 10% of its
. breadth. The percentage of decrease in area is:
A. 10%
 B. 10.08%

C. 20%

D. 28%
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Let original length = x and original breadth = y.
80 90
Decrease in area = xy - x x y
100 100

18
= xy - xy
25

7
= xy.
25

7 1
Decrease % = xy x
x 100 = 28%.
25 xy %
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8. A man walked diagonally across a square lot. Approximately, what was the
percent saved by not walking along the edges?
A. 20

B. 24

C. 30

D. 33
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Let the side of the square(ABCD) be x metres.

Then, AB + BC = 2x metres.
AC = 2x = (1.41x) m.
 Saving on 2x metres = (0.59x) m.
0.59x
Saving % = x 100 = 30% (approx.)
2x %
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9. The diagonal of a rectangle is 41 cm and its area is 20 sq. cm. The perimeter
of the rectangle must be:
A. 9 cm

B. 18 cm

C. 20 cm

D. 41 cm
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
l2 + b2 = 41.
Also, lb = 20.
(l + b)2 = (l2 + b2) + 2lb = 41 + 40 = 81
(l + b) = 9.
Perimeter = 2(l + b) = 18 cm.
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10. What is the least number of squares tiles required to pave the floor of a room
15 m 17 cm long and 9 m 2 cm broad?
A. 814

B. 820

C. 840

D. 844
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Length of largest tile = H.C.F. of 1517 cm and 902 cm = 41 cm.
Area of each tile = (41 x 41) cm2.
1517 x 902
Required number of tiles = = 814.
11. The difference between the length and breadth of a rectangle is 23 m. If its
perimeter is 206 m, then its area is:
A. 1520 m2

B. 2420 m2

C. 2480 m2

D. 2520 m2
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
We have: (l - b) = 23 and 2(l + b) = 206 or (l + b) = 103.
Solving the two equations, we get: l = 63 and b = 40.
Area = (l x b) = (63 x 40) m2 = 2520 m2.
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1The length of a rectangle is halved, while its breadth is tripled. What is the
2percentage change in area?
. A. 25% increase

B. 50% increase

C. 50% decrease

D. 75% decrease
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Let original length = x and original breadth = y.
Original area = xy.
x
New length = .
2
New breadth = 3y.
x 3
New area = x 3y = xy.
2 2
1 1
Increase % = xy x x 100 = 50%.
2 xy %
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13. The length of a rectangular plot is 20 metres more than its breadth. If the cost
 of fencing the plot @ 26.50 per metre is Rs. 5300, what is the length of the
plot in metres?
A. 40

B. 50

C. 120

D. Data inadequate

E. None of these
Answer: Option E
Explanation:
Let breadth = x metres.
Then, length = (x + 20) metres.
5300
Perimeter = m = 200 m.
26.50
2[(x + 20) + x] = 200
2x + 20 = 100
2x = 80
x = 40.
Hence, length = x + 20 = 60 m.
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14. A rectangular field is to be fenced on three sides leaving a side of 20 feet

uncovered. If the area of the field is 680 sq. feet, how many feet of fencing
will be required?
A. 34

B. 40

C. 68

D. 88
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
We have: l = 20 ft and lb = 680 sq. ft.
So, b = 34 ft.
Length of fencing = (l + 2b) = (20 + 68) ft = 88 ft.
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1A tank is 25 m long, 12 m wide and 6 m deep. The cost of plastering its walls
5and bottom at 75 paise per sq. m, is:
.
A. Rs. 456

B. Rs. 458

C. Rs. 558

D. Rs. 568
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Area to be plastered = [2(l + b) x h] + (l x b)

= {[2(25 + 12) x 6] + (25 x 12)} m2

= (444 + 300) m2

= 744 m2.

75
Cost of plastering = Rs. 744 x = Rs. 558.
100