BSI BS*G443 84 MH Lb24b69 OObb325 6 MM AS] BS 6443: 1984 e | ‘© Britioh Standordo Inatitution. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without the prior permission in writing of BSI British Standard Method for © Penetrant flaw detection (Méthode de détection des défauts par ressuage Fehlernachweis mit dem Eindringverfahren British Standards Institution Copyright by Ue British STandardsIslittion Wed Nov 10 164305 1999BS 6443 : 1984 Contents Page Foreword Inside front cover Committoes responsible Beck cover 5. Go 1 1 2. Definitions 1 3. Principle of method and types of process materials 1 4. Compatibility of materials 1 6. Safety guidance and statutory requirements 2 6, Solaction of process 2 Seetion tro. Equipe 7. Equipment 2 ‘Soction three. Preparation of surfaces application of process materials 8. Precloaning 4 Foreword ‘Soveral British Standards have been published that describe ‘the application of penetrant flaw detection to specific products. It was accordingly considered that it would now be opportune to propare a standard daseribing the basic techniques for this method of non-destructive testing ‘This British Standard has accordingly been prepared under tha direction of tho Machanical Engineoring Standards Gommittee and cue eccount has been taken of the corresponding aerospace standard, Brith Standard M 30 : 1972 ‘Method for penetrant insnection of serososce matarlals and components’, which provided a basie for this standard ‘This standard provides detailed information on penetrant flaw detection to which BSI committees and others responsible for the application of appropriate techniqus to specific products and for establishing acceptance criteria can make reference. It is, however, recognized that some variation trom the basic techniques described in this standard may bo requited for partioular applications. 1d for locating diecontinui folds, eracks and porosity that are open to the surface in a material or component. ‘The method can be used on materials rageraes of thelr physical properties, provided the surface is normally non: absorbant and compatible with the nroeass materials and the conditions under which they are applied to the surface. ‘The effectiveness of the method Is dependent on each stage Goppree by ie Beth Slandaras Tesutovon Wed Nov 10 164342 1999 BSI BS*b443 84 MM Lb24G69 OObb32b 7 Pago 8, Procedures for application of penetrant process materials to prepared surfacas 10. Viewing conditions 11. Inspection 12. Technique sheets and oresontation of date 18, Cleaning ater testing ‘Appendices A. Corrosion teste B. Controf tosis C._ Example of technique shoot Figures 1. Flow diagram illustrating the various procostes possible in penatrant flaw detection 10 2. Apparatus for checking the fluorescence of @ fluorescent penetrant " in the provedure being carried out correctly by competent persons, Any doparture from correct procedure can soriously attect the valaity of a penetranttost and in interpreting results it fs very important to distinguish betwaen relevant Indications from flaws and spurious indications from other Penetrant flaw detection is often complementary to other ‘methods of flaw detection, The ute of any mathod of non: destructive tasting should always be considered in relation to testing and inepaction a¢ a whole, When such methods are specified, the most suitable and economic method! of Ingpection compatible with the ultimate application for the product should always be empioyed. ‘Tho manufacturers of process materlals for penetrant flaw Ldetootion provide eemprahensive tachnieal eorviaee and it recommended that these services be used when solacting a process for a prticuler inspection. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of Its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and exporlznaed people, for whose guidance it has baon prepared, ‘Compliance with a British Standard does not of I confor immunity from legal obligations. tn partial ‘attention is dravin to the Health and Safety at Work, eto. Aot 1974,BST BS#L443 84 MM LL24GL9 OObb327 1 BS 6443 : 984 ee British Standard Method for Penetrant flaw detection Section one. General 1, Scope ‘This British Standard desoribes a method for detecting surface flaws in materials ana components, during ‘manufacture and in service, by panetrant flaw detection. tated on te isle bokecover. reel in thi stander 2, Definitions For the purposes ofthis British Stsndaru the Uefinitions tiven in BS 3683 : Part 1 apply, together with the following. 2:4 aqueous liquid developer. A suepansian of inert white ‘powders ina water-based carrier medium, usually Incorporeting corrosion inhibitors. 2.2 aqueous wath, A water rinse used as part oral of the penetrant removal stage. 23 colour contrast penetrant. A solution of dyes, typically ‘red, in an arganie carrier system, 2.4 combined oolour contratt and fluorascant penetrant. ‘A solution of dyestuffs in an organie carrior medium that is capable of reflecting visible ight and of absorbing radiation in the ultraviolet rogion with consequent emission of radiation in the visible region, 25 hydrophilic remover. A water-based ponetrant remover ‘hat ie miscibie in all proportions with water. 2.6 linoohilic remover, An oll-basod penotrant remover ‘that is miscible in all proportions with post-emulsifiable penetrants 2.7 non-aqueous liquid developer. A suspension of inert white powders in a volatila organic solvent carrier. 2.8 thixotrople penstrant. A gelatinous panotrant in which the viscosity Is reduced with the duration of an applied shear stress, 3, Principle of method and types of process materials The penetranttlaw detection method cornists wssentilly of ‘the sequence of operations listed in (a) to (e) below and ilustrated for the gonoral casein figure 1 (2) Preparation of the surfaces of the components to be inspected by pre-cleaning, degreasing and drying (soe clause 8). {(b) Application of ponetrant to the preparad surfaces sand e period of time allowed for eto entor any. dlscontinuities opon to the surfaces (soe clause 9). “The three types of penstrant included in this standard that may be applied to prepared surfaces are: (1) fluorescent; (2) colour contrast; (3) combined colour contrast and fluorescent, (c) Removal of exoess penetrant in such a manner that \will ensure retention of penetrant in any dlscontinuttes (Gee clause 9} “This standard deserves four ways In which the removal of excoss panetrant may be achieved: (1) by applic (2) by application of water only; (3) by application of water usually before, and always after, application of a penetrant removal solution that le wetersoluble (hydrophilic remover); (4) by application of an emulsifier that is ol-soluble lipophilic remover) followed by application of water. (2) Application of a developer and a parled of time allowed for the panatrant liquid to be drawn out of the lscontinuities,s0 as to give enhanced indications (eae clause 9} “The types of davelopor Included in this standard are: (1) dry powder (2) aqueous liquid developers, of wich there are two typi, Li. powder suspensions and solutions; (3) non-aqueous liquid developers, which consist of a suspension of poulars in a nonaqueous liuid carrer (6) Examination and assessment of the Indications under ‘appropriate viewing conditions (see clauses 10 and 11). On complation of inspection and ossessmont the treated turfaoas may be cleaned and, as nacessary, a corrosion preventive appiled. ‘of a solvent in liquid form: 4, Compatibility of materials 4:1 {ti essential that the ponetrant process materials are ‘compatible with the material to be Inspected and the ‘ultimate use of the component. NOTE 1. Tre competiily of ‘pack consideration: {al for component stsciotd lth hgh test peroxide rocket fuel, explosive sors (tes include al ms containing ‘aplosve rropelan, nating or ayrotachnle materials ‘nysenequiament or nuclasrepplieations: (0) hare ae is ¢ possiblity of stesscorosion or of corrosion Intarel features alter postinepecion cloning y process materiale wil que NOTE 2. ln most cate, the compatibility of ponetrent process retells with retry of materi lng apeted eo power bythe corrosion test exeribed in appenas A. Copyright by Tre Bra STandaras Tastoion Wed Nov 10 1643) 1999