02/04/2018

ME 321: FLUID MECHANICS-I

Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka

Lecture-01
31/03/2018

Introduction

teacher.buet.ac.bd/toufiquehasan/
toufiquehasan@me.buet.ac.bd

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 1

Fluid Mechanics
Fluid mechanics is the discipline within the broad field of applied mechanics that is
concerned with the behavior of liquids and gases at rest (Fluid Statics) and motion
(Fluid Dynamics).
It covers a vast array of phenomena that occur in nature, modern engineering
inventions, biology and life sciences.

piping

pump

Motor
Industrial piping
Hurricane  Tornado
Industrial piping system
Geophysical (atmospheric) fluid dynamics

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 2

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Fluid Mechanics

pump
Water treatment
Refrigeration unit

Steam Boiler Chiller Chiller Piping network

Valve

Fire pump
Fire pump

Fire fighting compressor GE J85 Turbojet engine

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 3

Fluid Mechanics
Lift, FL

Drag, FD

High 
Thrust, T speed jet

Weight, W
Airplane aerodynamics F-16 Fighter plane
Rocket launching (NASA)

streamlines

Racing car aerodynamics High speed train (320 km/hr) Offshore wind turbines

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 4

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Fluid Mechanics

Flapping wing

Flying of birds
Blood flow through vascular network

Micro Unmanned Air Vehicle (µUAV)
Lab‐on‐a‐chip microfluidic device

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 5

Fluids
A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress
of any magnitude. A shearing stress is a force per unit area that is created whenever a tangential force
acts on a surface.

• However, Solid will deform to resist the applied shear stress (within elastic limit).
• Fluids stress is proportional to strain rate whereas solids stress is proportional to strain.
• Fluid is viscous while solid is elastic.
• Fluid‐coefficient of viscosity and Solid‐Modulus of rigidity.

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 6

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Flow classification

Table: Flow classification
Regime kn

Continuum flow kn < 0.001 (Continuum approach: individual molecule is not important rather
averaged behavior is considered)
Slip flow 0.001<kn < 0.1

Transitional flow 0.1< kn < 10

Free molecular flow kn > 10 (Molecular approach: individual molecule is important and should be
modeled)

 mean free path of gas molecules

Knudsen number, kn  
L Characteri stics dimension of the flow

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 7

Important numbers in FM

Inertia force VL

Reynolds number, Re  
Viscous force  Defines the nature of the flow (laminar or
turbulent)
ρ is the density, V is the velocity, L is the
characteristics length scale and µ is the viscosity
coefficient.

Flow velocity V
Mach number, M  
Sound velocity a Defines the compressibility of the flow
(incompressible or compressible)
V is the flow velocity, and a is the local speed of
sound.

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 8

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Course Contents

• Fundamental concept of fluid as a continuum; Fluid Properties

• Fluid Statics: basic hydrostatic equation, pressure variation in static incompressible and
compressible fluids; Manometers; Forces on submerged plane and curved surfaces; Buoyant
force; Stability of floating and submerged bodies; Pressure distribution of a fluid in rotating
and accelerating systems.
• Fluid dynamics: Concepts of system and control volume: Continuity, momentum and energy
equations and their applications; Introduction to Navier‐Stokes equations.
• Pressure, Velocity and Flow measurement devices.
• Introduction to inviscid incompressible flow.

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 9

Text Book:
Munson, Okiishi, Huebsch, Rothmayer, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 7th Edition, 2013,
ISBN: 978‐1‐118‐18676.
Class lectures will be available at teacher.buet.ac.bd/toufiquehasan

Reference books:
i. M.C. Potter, D.C. Wiggert, Mechanics of Fluids, 3rd Edition, 2010, ISBN: 978‐0‐495‐43857‐1.
ii. Fox and McDonald, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 9th Edition, 2015, ISBN: 978‐1118912652.
iii. Frank M. White, Fluid Mechanics, 6th Edition, 2008, ISBN: 978‐007‐131121‐2.
iv. J. F. Douglas, J. M. Gasiorek, J. A. Swaffield, L. B. Jack, Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition, 2005, ISBN‐
978‐0‐13‐129293‐2.

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2018) 10