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Doble Testing Surge Arresters
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3 December 28, 2007 Doble Seminar 4 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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5 December 28, 2007
Source: NASA
Doble® Seminar 6 December 28, 2007
Source: NASA
Doble® Seminar
• Insulation Coordination
The process of correlating the insulation strengths of
electric equipment with expected overvoltages and with
the characteristics of surge-protective devices.
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Reduced Insulation Levels Silicon Carbide Versus Metal Oxide
9 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 10 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
• Normally is an insulator
• Becomes a conductor during a voltage surge
Has non-linear voltage-current characteristic.
• After diverting energy of surge goes back to being an
insulator
Operating characteristics of two types of surge arresters
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• It dissipates voltage surge • It dissipates voltage surge The Doble dielectric loss test is a test of an arrester’s
when above design rating when above design rating insulating characteristics not its protective characteristics.
• Drops voltage to zero • Clamps voltage
• Generates its own surge • Doesn’t drop voltage to zero
during recovery • Doesn’t generate its own
surge
11 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 12 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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Surge Arrester Tests Surge Arrester Tests
13 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 14 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
Necessary to address specific aspects of this testing, to Surge arresters with older style silicon carbide discs
include:
• Applied test voltage » Unit kV Rating Test Voltage
losses vary with test voltage 3 2.5
4.5 4
6 5
7.5 7
9 7.5
12 and higher 10
15 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 16 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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Applied Test Voltages Test Policies
17 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 18 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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Surge Arrester Test Screen Surge Arrester Test Screen
21 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 22 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
23 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 24 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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Surge Arrester Test Screen Surge Arrester Test Screen
25 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 26 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
• Very low capacitance specimens » Most surge arresters have very low capacitance.
Power factor not calculated for any specimen that
measures 300 µA (80 pF) or less for the following
reasons:
• Disproportion variation in power factor with negligible
change in loss
• Deleterious effect of any stray capacitance
27 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 28 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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Test Procedure Analysis
• Metal oxide
- higher than normal losses
▪ contamination of internal components with
moisture, dirt or dust
▪ corroded gap in early designs
newer designs are gapless
▪ cracked porcelain
- lower than normal losses
▪ broken disc
HV LV Leads ▪ open circuit in internal circuit
Cable Red Blue Test Mode
▪ improper assembly
Terminal - - GST Ground Red Blue
29 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 30 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
Analysis Analysis
31 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 32 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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Test Procedure: 2 Unit Stack Test Procedure: 2 Unit Stack
2 Unit Stack
• High-voltage conductor grounded
and then disconnected.
• Procedure assumes each arrester
unit can be tested at same test
voltage.
HV LV Leads HV LV Leads
Test Cable Red Blue Test Mode Insulation Test Cable Red Blue Test Mode Insulation
1 B A - UST Measure Red Ground Blue 1 1 B A - UST Measure Red Ground Blue 1
2 B A - GST Guard Red Ground Blue 2
33 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 34 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
Test Procedure: 2 Unit Stack Test Procedure: 3 Unit Stack with Line
HV LV Leads
HV LV Leads Test Cable Red Blue Test Mode Insulation
Test Cable Red Blue Test Mode Insulation 1 B C - GST Guard Red Ground Blue 1
2 B C - UST Measure Red Ground Blue 2
2 B A - GST Guard Red Ground Blue 2 3 C B - GST Guard Red Ground Blue 3
35 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 36 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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Test Procedure: 3 Unit Stack Test Procedure: 4 Unit Stack with Line
3 Unit Stack with line disconnected 4 Unit Stack with line connected
• High-voltage conductor • Safety ground connected to high-
grounded and then disconnected voltage conductor for all tests
• Procedure assumes each • Procedure assumes each
arrester unit can be tested at arrester unit can be tested at
same test voltage same test voltage
HV LV Leads
HV LV Leads Test Cable Red Blue Test Mode Insulation
Test Cable Red Blue Test Mode Insulation 1 B C - GST Guard Red Ground Blue 1
1 B A C UST Measure Red Ground Blue 1 2 B C - UST Measure Red Ground Blue 2
2 B A C UST Measure Blue Ground Red 2 3 D C - UST Measure Red Ground Blue 3
3 C B - GST Guard Red Ground Blue 3 4 D C - GST Guard Red Ground Blue 4
37 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 38 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
4 Unit Stack with line disconnected Comparison of typical and questionable 10-kV results for
• High-voltage conductor similar arresters
grounded and then
disconnected. Description I (µA) Watts
• Procedure assumes each Typical good arrester 230 0.050
arrester unit can be tested at Same arrester contaminated with arcing 370 17.5
same test voltage. byproducts
Same arrester contaminated with moisture 260 0.200
HV LV Leads
Test Cable Red Blue Test Mode Insulation
Same arrester, new, contaminated with 250 0.240
1 B A C UST Measure Red Ground Blue 1 factory dirt and metallic particles
2 B A C UST Measure Blue Ground Red 2
Same arrester, with broken internal parts 120 0.006
3 D - C UST Measure Blue Ground Red 3
4 D - C GST Guard Blue Ground Red 4 and open circuited
39 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 40 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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Case 2: Deteriorated Surge Arrester Case 2: Deteriorated Surge Arrester
Watts Loss
B Top 0.359 0.551 0.781
0.400
B Middle 0.298 0.302 0.282
B Bottom 0.345 0.338 0.311 0.300
41 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar 42 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
General Electric 588 kV Arrester, Model No. 9L16BBA588 Ohio Brass DynaVar 300 kV, Catalog No. 211345
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43 December 28, 2007 Doble Seminar 44 December 28, 2007 Doble® Seminar
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Case 5: Deteriorated Surge Arrester
Location kV mA Watts
P-56745 10 1.581 14.45
P-56736 10 0.248 0.233
P-60229 10 0.250 0.076
P-60243 10 0.173 0.090
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Doble Limit: 0.020 – 0.100 Watts
Ohio Brass Type VN-Metal Oxide Arresters, 66 kV, Catalog No. 21774
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