BASKETBALL!

1. COORDINATOR- MR.YASHWANT MOKASHI

2. 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT - I would like to express my specialthanks of
gratitude to my teacheryashwant sir as well as our principalwho gave me
the golden opportunity todo this wonderful project. Which alsohelped me
in doing a lot of Researchand I came to know about so many newthingsI am
really thankful to them.Secondly I would also like to thank myparents and
friends who helped me alot in finishing this project withinthe limited time.
3. 3. HISTORY AND ORIGIN - James Naismith was the Canadian
physicaleducation instructor who inventedbasketball in 1891. James
Naismith wasborn in Almont, Ontario and educated atMcGill University and
Presbyterian Collegein Montreal.In contrast to other sports, basketball hasa
clear origin. It is not the evolutionfrom an ancient game or another sport
andthe inventor is well known: Dr. JamesNaismith. In 1891, while working
as aphysical education teacher at the YMCAInternational Training School
(today,Springfield College) in the United States,Naismith was faced with the
problem offinding in 14 days an indoor game toprovide "athletic
distraction" for thestudents at the School for ChristianWorkers (Naismith
was also a Presbyterianminister).After discardingthe idea ofadapting
outdoorgames like soccerand lacrosse,
4. 4. Naismith recalled the concept of a game ofhis school days known as
duck-on-a-rockthat involved accuracy attempting to knocka "duck" off the
top of a large rock bytossing another rock at it.Of course it was not exactly
as we know ittoday. The first game was played with asoccer ball and two
peach baskets nailed10-feet high used as goals, on a court justhalf the size
of a present-day court. Thebaskets retained their bottoms so ballsscored
into the basket had to be poked outwith a long dowel each time and
dribbling(bouncing of the ball up and down whilemoving) was not part of
the original game.The sport was an instant success and thanksto the initial
impulse received by the YMCAmovement, basketballs popularity
quicklygrew nationwide and was introduced in manynations. He had the
honor to witnessbasketball become an Olympic sport atthe 1936 Games
held in Berlin.
5. 5. The firstbasketball team. ORIGINAL 13 RULES OF BASKETBALL 1. The ball
may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. 2. The ball may be
batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. 3. A
player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on
 which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good
speed.
6. 6. 4. The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must
not be used for holding it.5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or
tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by
any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the
next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for
the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.6. A foul is striking
at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in
Rule 5.7. If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal
for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the
meantime making a foul).8. Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or
batted from the ground into the basket and stays there, providing those
defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the
edge and the opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal.9. When
the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by
the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall
7. 7. throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If
he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying
the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.10. The umpire shall be
judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three
consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify
men according to Rule 5.11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and
decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep
the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of
the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.12.
The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes rest between.13.
The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners.
DIMENSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
8. 8. Dimensions of the court
9. 9. Distance ofthe pole from the court.Dimensions of the board
10.10. FUNDAMENTAL SKILLSThe sport of basketball requires five basicskills.
While some players might be moreexperienced with some skills than
others,it is best to have at least some ability inall five areas. Basketball is a
fast-pacedgame that requires the knowledge andinstinct to perform quickly
and properly.Be sure to practice all five skills.DribblingDribbling is an
important skill for allbasketball players. This skill will allowyou to move up
 and down the court, maneuverpast defenders and execute plays.
Properdribbling requires ball-handling skills andknowledge of how to
spread your fingers forball control. Different types of dribblesare:- High
Dribble Low Dribble Speed Dribble Change-Of-Pace Dribble Crossover
Switch.
11.11. ShootingIn order to score points in basketball, youneed to shoot the
ball into the hoop. Thisrequires the ability to properly hold andthrow the
ball into the air toward thebasket while avoiding defenders. A propershot
requires precise aiming, arm extensionand lift from the legs. Different types
ofshots are :- Jump Shot Layup Hook Shot Dunk Free ThrowRunningRunning
is a big part of basketball. In afull-court game, you will find yourselfrunning
back and forth as the game quicklytransitions between offense and
defense.When you have the ball, running will helpyou to avoid defenders
and get to thebasket quicker. On defense, you often willfind yourself
needing to run after theopponent, especially during fast breaks.Passing
12.12. Passing is another skill that when masteredcan help you become a
complete basketballplayer. Basketball is a team sport thatinvolves finding a
teammate who is open fora shot. The ability to pass the ball tothis player
can make the difference betweenscoring and not scoring. Types of passes :-
Chest passes 2. Bounce Pass 3. Overhead Pass 4. Outlet Pass 5. No-Look
Pass 6. behind the Back PassJumpingJumping is another skill that can
definehow good a basketball player is. Jumping isinvolved in offense during
the jump ball inthe beginning, while taking shots andsometimes while
trying to catch a pass. Ondefensive you will need the ability to jumpwhen
trying to block a shot or a pass.Being able to out jump your opponent for
arebound also is important.
13.13. RULES AND REGULATIONSMeasurements and time limits discussed
inthis section often vary among tournamentsand organizations;
international and NBArules are used in this section.The object of the game
is to outscore onesopponents by throwing the ball through theopponents
basket from above whilepreventing the opponents from doing so ontheir
own. An attempt to score in this wayis called a shot. A successful shot
isworth two points, or three points if it istaken from beyond the three-point
arc whichis 6.25 meters (20 ft 6 in) from the basketin international games
and 23 feet 9 inches(7.24 m) in NBA gamesPlaying regulationsGames are
played in four quarters of10 College games use two 20-minutehalves, while
United States high schoolvarsity games use 8 minute quarters. 15minutes
 are allowed for a half-time breakunder FIBA, NBA, and NCAA rulesand
10minutes in United States high schools.Overtime periods are five minutes
in
14.14. length except for high school which is fourminutes in length. Teams
exchange basketsfor the second half. The time allowed isactual playing
time; the clock is stoppedwhile the play is not active. Five playersfrom each
team may be on the court at onetime. Substitutions are unlimited but
canonly be done when play is stopped. Teamsalso have a coach, who
oversees thedevelopment and strategies of the team, andother team
personnel such as assistantcoaches, managers, statisticians, doctorsand
trainers.For both mens and womens teams, astandard uniform consists of a
pair ofshorts and a jersey with a clearly visiblenumber, unique within the
team, printed onboth the front and back. Players wear high-top sneakers
that provide extra anklesupport. Typically, team names, playersnames and,
outside of North America,sponsors are printed on the uniforms.A limited
number of time-outs, clockstoppages requested by a coach
areallowed.They generally last no longer thanone minute unless, for
televised games, acommercial break is needed.The game is controlled
bythe officials consisting of the referee(referred to as crew chief in the
NBA), one
15.15. or two umpires (referred to as referees inthe NBA) and the table
officials. Forcollege, the NBA, and many high schools,there are a total of
three referees on thecourt. The table officials are responsiblefor keeping
track of each teams scoring,timekeeping, individual and team fouls,player
substitutions, team possessionarrow, and the shot clock. COMMON SPORTS
INJURIESBasketball is one of the most popularsports in the United States
and throughoutthe world. Basketball injuries can beseparated into two
general categories:overuse injuries and traumatic injuries.Overuse
injuriesInjuries caused by stressing anarea over and over until it isdamaged
and begins to hurt aredescribed as overuse injuries.One such injury is
patellar
16.16. tendinitis, or "jumpers knee," which ischaracterized by pain in the
tendon justbelow the kneecap.Achilles tendinitis is another
commonoveruse injury in basketball players. Thisinjury of the tendon
connecting the musclesin the back of the calf to the heel bonecauses pain
in the back of the leg justabove the heel.Traumatic injuriesTraumatic
injuries are those caused by asudden forceful injury. Some of the
 morecommon traumatic injuries in basketball arejammed fingers. The
severity of a jammedfinger can range from a minor injury of theligaments,
which connect bones, to a brokenfinger. Splinting may be needed to
allowthe injured finger to heal.Another type of traumatic injury is a muscle
pull or tear. Ankle sprains The most common basketball injury is the ankle
sprain. This injury often occurs when a player lands on another players foot
or the ankle rolls too far outward. When this happens, the ligaments
connecting bones
17.17. and supporting the ankle are stretched andtornKnee injuriesKnee
injuries are some of the most seriousbasketball injuries. One type of
kneeinjury is a sprain. A knee sprain is asmall tear in the ligaments or
jointcapsule that is not severe enough to causeyour knee to give way. To
help the tear heal, you must protect your knee for a short time by
immobilizing it. If you twist your knee, you can tear a meniscus, which is
tissue that acts as a cushion between the bones of the upper and lower leg
at the knee. The surgeoninserts a camera and instruments into theknee
joint through small skin incisions. ARJUNA AWARDThe Arjuna Awards were
instituted in 1961by the government of India to recognizeoutstanding
achievement in National sports.The award carries a cash prize of 500,000, a
bronze statuette of Arjuna anda scroll.
18.18. Over the years the scope of the award hasbeen expanded and a large
number ofsportspersons who belonged to the pre-Arjun Award era were
also included in thelist. Further, the number of disciplinesfor which the
award is given was increasedto include indigenous games and thephysically
handicapped category.
19.19. ARJUNA AWARD WINNERS FOR BASKETBALL Khushi ramKhushi Ram is a
former basketball playerfrom India who represented India at
manyinternational competitions. He wasawarded Arjuna award in 1967. He
was bornin Rajasthan state in 1936.Khushi ram has areputation of being
amongst the bestplayers of Asia .He was the first captainof Indian
Basketball team. After retiringin 1976, he took over as coach of shri
ramrayons team in Kota. Surendra Kumar KatariaSurendra Kumar Kataria is
aformer basketball player from India whorepresented India at many
internationalcompetitions. He was awarded Arjunaaward in 1973. He was
borninRajasthan state and represented IndianRailways in national
tournaments. It shouldalso be mentioned here that he was a sharp-shooter
in the true sense of the word, and
20.20. Indian basketball has not seen such ashooter in all its history. Hanuman
SinghHanuman Singh is a noted former basketballplayer from India. He
played for Indiain Asian Games, Commonwealth Games andat 1980
Olympics.[1] He was awarded ArjunaAward in 1975. Born in 1950 in
Nagaurdistrict of Rajasthan state.He sudiedat Military School,Ajmer .
Herepresented Indian railways in nationaltournaments .He is now
employed with SAIL. Radhey Shyam BijarniaRadhey Shyam Bijarnia wasan
Indian basketball player whorepresented India at the 1980
SummerOlympics and the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi.He was a recipient of
the Arjuna Award forhis achievements. He died in 2005 at theage of 54 at
his native village SriMadhopur in Rajasthan.
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