Training on land account

of Indonesia

August 2018
Land account
An essential element of the SEEA Central
Framework (SEEA-CF)

Sistem Terintegrasi Neraca Lingkungan dan

Ekonomi (SISNERLING)
Thematic account in the SEEA-EEA

- Land account
- Water account
- Carbon account
- Species-level biodiversity account
Land account
Developed on the basis of land cover maps
from KLHK
- Covering the whole country
- Regularly updated
- 23 classes
- Generated from Landsat satellite images
(spatial resolution 30 by 30 m)
- Accuracy level corresponding to a scale of
1 : 250,000
- Some uncertainties from classification
Codes Land cover types

2001 Primary dryland forest

2002 Secondary dryland forest
2004 Primary mangrove
2005 Primary peat swamp forest
2006 Plantation forest
2007 Shrubs
2010 Perennial crops
2012 Settlement
2014 Bare land
2500 Cloud
3000 Grassland
5001 Water
20041 Secondary mangrove
20051 Secondary peat swamp forest
20071 Peat shrubs
20091 Dry land agriculture
20092 Shruby dry land agriculture
20093 Paddy rice
20094 Coastal pond
20121 Airport/seaport
20122 Transmigration
20141 Mining
50011 Swamp
 Output
- Land cover map 1990 – 2014
- Accounting tables per five years
- Change matrices per five years
- Highlights on the key findings of land cover
change
- Coverage: Indonesia, Sumatera,
Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, Jawa, Bali dan
Nusa Tenggara, Maluku
Output 1 (land cover map)

Land cover map of Indonesia 1990

Output 1 (land cover map)

Land cover map of Indonesia 2014

Output 1 (land cover map)

Land cover map of Java 1990

Output 1 (land cover map)

Land cover map of Java 2014

Land cover map preparation
- Softwares: ArcGIS, QGIS
- Basic GIS skills:
√ Displaying map
√ Observing spatial information
√ Converting spatial data format
√ Layouting map
√ Exporting map
 Output 2 (accounting tables)
Area (rounded

Degraded dry land

Primary mangrove

Coastal fish pond

Plantation forest
Primary dry land

Airport/seaport
Perennial crops
in 1000 ha)

Transmigration
Disturbed peat

Wetland shrub

Dry cultivation
swamp forest

swamp forest
Primary peat

Shrubby dry
Settlement

cultivation
mangrove
Disturbed
Bare land

Rice field

Swamp
Savana

Mining
Water
forest
forest

Shrub

Cloud

Total
Opening stock 51310 38175 1868 6493 3164 14938 4508 2191 1885 335 2388 3748 1680 13500 6464 771 21965 6907 521 15 234 270 1429 191701
(1990) 3
Additions 0 327 0 0 232 603 1213 38 331 0 0 12 18 42 1224 117 705 190 5 0 21 26 299
Reductions -365 -1560 -12 -91 -2 -346 -27 -3 -273 -5 0 -15 -74 -2016 -357 -63 -172 0 -2 0 0 0 -22
Land cover in 50945 36942 1856 6402 3394 15195 5695 2226 1943 330 2388 3745 1623 11525 7331 776 22498 7096 525 15 255 296 1707 191701
1995/1996 7
Additions 0 5393 0 0 496 2804 1765 150 567 18 936 35 12 23 1632 114 3800 456 171 1 69 50 198
2
Reductions -6175 -5330 -80 -364 -2 -2930 -53 0 -140 -203 -46 -23 -113 -2329 -1034 -83 -667 -38 -1 0 -6 -2 -96
Land cover in 44770 37005 1776 6038 3889 15069 7407 2375 2369 145 3277 3756 1522 9220 7929 882 25631 7514 695 16 319 344 1809 191701
2000 6
Additions 0 3840 0 48 486 1196 822 149 732 4 46 0 41 289 1057 247 870 81 122 1 1 76 26
Reductions -3762 -2128 -217 -289 -125 -600 -11 -1 -164 -37 -45 -2 -175 -1291 -577 - -232 -61 -1 0 0 0 -238
179
Land cover in 41008 38717 1559 5797 4251 15665 8218 2524 2938 111 3278 3754 1388 8217 8410 889 26269 7534 815 17 319 420 1596 191701
2005/2006 4
Additions 0 1306 0 0 280 763 1309 35 428 0 127 1 47 195 678 133 1360 107 25 1 3 60 3
1
Reductions -1337 -1562 -49 -308 -44 -1246 -13 0 -371 -82 -73 -2 -54 -1095 -371 -60 -1354 -8 0 0 -2 -4 -27
Land cover in 39672 38461 1510 5489 4487 15182 9513 2559 2995 30 3332 3753 1381 7318 8716 101 26275 7634 840 18 321 476 1572 191701
2009/2010 65
Additions 7 446 36 5 580 617 944 36 827 0 0 4 47 74 320 193 794 31 10 0 1 106 30
Reductions -536 -1325 -15 -155 -22 -606 -3 -3 -219 -30 -192 -1 -23 -996 -597 -71 -168 -77 -2 0 -35 0 -32
Land cover in 39143 37583 1531 5339 5044 15193 10455 2591 3603 0 3140 3756 1405 6395 8439 102 26902 7588 848 18 287 582 1570 191701
2014/2015 87
Accounting table preparation
- Softwares: Microsoft Excel
- Basic operations:
√ Importing dBase file
√ Summarizing data (in a Pivot Table)
√ Calculating additions
√ Calculating reductions
√ Checking the consistence of calculation
Output 3 (change matrix)

Coastal fish pond

Plantation forest
Primary dry land

Airport/seaport
Perennial crops

Transmigration
Disturbed peat

Wetland shrub

Dry cultivation
Opening stock

swamp forest

swamp forest
Degraded dry

Closing stock
Primary peat

Shrubby dry
Settlement
land forest

cultivation
mangrove

mangrove
Disturbed
Bare land

Rice field
Primary

Swamp
Savana

Mining
(1990)

(1996)
Water
forest

Shrub

Cloud
Primary dryland 513102 -3267 -177 -2 -11 -3 -77 -43 -18 -18 -5 -2 -25 509454
forest
Degraded 381750 3267 -1 -1329 -5520 -2775 -59 -672 -2 -1 6 - -156 - - -15 -98 -149 -185 369422
dryland forest 1376 2255 1006
Primary 18679 1 1 -113 1 -4 18564
mangrove
Primary peat 64929 -44 -6 -22 -65 -60 -376 -313 -10 -1 -11 64020
swamp forest
Plantation 31643 1329 44 345 -12 -2 436 16 -2 146 -1 33944
forest
Shrub 149380 177 5520 -1 6 -345 -983 -99 -621 5 2 6 312 -559 -263 -418 -61 -26 -26 -61 151946
Perennial crops 45082 2 2775 22 12 983 1 215 -1 7 3679 2725 231 1461 -264 -2 -1 21 56949

Settlement 21914 59 99 -1 7 3 121 44 7 33 2 -30 -1 2 22259

Bare land 18849 11 672 65 2 621 -215 -7 2 7 5 1455 364 68 - -10 -1 39 19430
2496
Cloud 3347 3 -5 -2 -28 -10 -1 3303
Savana 23876 -2 3 23877
Water 37484 77 2 1 -3 -7 5 4 -4 29 -105 1 -1 -35 37449
Degraded 16796 1 113 60 -6 -7 -5 -5 1 -687 -5 -2 -21 16233
mangrove
Degraded peat 134995 43 -6 -1 376 -436 -312 -3679 -121 - -4 -1 - -623 - -266 -1 -29 - 115255
swamp forest 1455 9127 1453 2644
Wetland shrub 64639 18 1376 4 313 -16 559 -2725 -44 -364 -3 4 687 9127 -120 -197 -69 -7 -23 154 73313
Dry cultivation 77126 156 10 2 263 -231 -7 -68 -29 623 120 -70 -193 -4 -24 -4 77670
Dry cultivation 219649 18 2255 1 -146 418 -1461 -33 2496 28 105 5 1453 197 70 -19 -3 -19 -9 -29 224976
& shrub
Rice 69066 1006 1 61 264 -2 -1 2 266 69 193 19 16 70960
Coastal fish 5215 15 21 7 4 3 -16 5249
pond
Airport/seaport 152 1 153

Transmigration 2339 5 98 26 2 30 10 24 19 2553

Mining 2701 2 149 26 1 1 1 10 1 29 23 4 9 2958
Swamp 14294 25 185 11 61 -21 -2 -39 1 35 2644 -154 29 17071
Total 1917006 1917006
Change matrix preparation
- Softwares: Microsoft Excel
- Basic operations:
√ Importing dBase file
√ Summarizing data (in a Pivot Table)
√ Calculating net change
√ Checking the consistence of calculation
Output 4 (key findings)
High loss of Indonesian natural forests during
1990-2014 (22 million ha)
Key findings
Key findings
Key findings
- Rapid expansion of perennial crops (6 million ha)
- About 60% of the additional areas were forested in 1990
Key findings

- High expansion of settlement areas in Java

(about 230,000 ha)
- High conversion of agricultural areas in Bali
and Nusa Tenggara (about 500,000 ha).
Policy applications

- Monitoring land cover change for spatial

planning
- The basis for developing other accounts:
ecosystem extent account, ecosystem
services account, carbon account,
biodiversity account
Exercises
General instructions
- Sample area: Sumatera
- Input: “sumatera.shp” from KLHK
- Manuals:
a) “Panduan land account” for analysis in Excel
b) “Panduan pemetaan dengan ArcGIS” for
preparing map in ArcGIS
c) “Panduan pemetaan dengan QGIS” for
preparing map in QGIS
Exercise 1 (accounting table)
- Open Microsoft Excel
- Open “sumatera.dbf”
- Copy data to excel file (ex.: sumatera.xlsx)
- Summarize data using Pivot Table
- Calculate additions
- Calculate reductions
- Check the consistence of the calculation
Exercise 2 (change matrix)
- Open “sumatera.xlsx”
- Summarize data using Pivot Table
- Calculate net change (for some cells)
- Use the provided formula to calculate net
change for all cells
- Check the consistence of the calculation
Exercise 3 (land cover map)
- Open QGIS Desktop
- Open “sumatera.shp”
- Open the attribute table of “sumatera.shp”
- Dissolve “sumatera.shp”
- Save in GeoPackage format (ex.:
“sumatera_dissolved”)
Exercise 3 (land cover map)
- Change symbology of “sumatera_dissolved”
- Add scale bar
- Add north arrow
- Add legends
- Export map
Thank you