Private Equity in China: Challenges and Opportunities

By Kwek Ping Yong

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

APPENDIX A

Government Structure of the

People’s Republic of China1

Exhibits A.1 and A.2 are representations of the Chinese government’s struc-
ture and the key ministries, commissions, and organizations under the state
council.

NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS

CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S
CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY POLITICAL CONSULTATIVE
Standing Committee CONFERENCE
General Secretary—Hu Jintao Chairman—Wu Bangguo
Central Military Commission Chairman—Hu Jintao Chairman—Jia Qinglin
Vice Chairs (by rank)
Politburo Standing Committee Members (by rank)
Hu Jintao Wang Zhaoguo Zhou Tienong
Wu Bangguo Lu Yongxiang Li Jianguo
Wen Jiabao Uyunqimg Ismail Tiliwaldi
Jia Qinglin Han Qide Jiang Shusheng
Li Changchun Hua Jianmin Chen Changzhi
Xi Jinping Chen Zhili Yen Junqi
Li Keqiang Sang Guowei
He Guoqiang
Zhou Yongkang

NPC Committee Directors

Agriculture and Rural Affairs—Wang Yunlong Supreme People’s Court

President—Hu Jintao
Vice President—Xi Jinping
Education, Science, Culture, and Public Health—Bai Keming President—Wang Shengjun
Environmental and Resource Protection—Wang Guangtao
Financial and Economic Affairs—Shi Xiushi Supreme People’s Procuratorate
Foreign Affairs—Li Zhaoxing President—Cao Jianming
Internal and Judicial Affairs—Huang Zhendong
LegalAffairs—Hu Kangs heng
Ethnic Affairs—Ma Qizhi
Overseas Chinese Affairs—Gao Siren

STATE COUNCIL

Premier—Wen Jiabao
Vice Premiers—Li Keqiang, Hui Liangyu, Zhang Dejiang, Wang Qishan
State Councilor—Liu Yandong, Liang Guanglie, Ma Kai, Meng Jianzhu, Dai Bingguo
Secretary General—Ma Kai

Offices of the State Council (Selected Only)

Legislative Affairs Office Cao Kangtai
Research Office Xie Fuzhan

EXHIBIT A.1 Government Structure

1
The China Business Review, PRC Government Structure; PRC government websites.

281

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bapp.indd 282
STATE COUNCIL

282
MINISTRIES AND COMMISSIONS OTHER KEY ORGANIZATIONS
(Selected Only) (Selected Only)

China Securities China Banking China Insurance

Ministry of Ministry of Civil Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of
Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory
Agriculture Affairs Commerce Culture Education
Commission Commission Commission
Han Changfu Li Xueju Chen Deming Cai Wu Yuan Guiren
Guo Shuqing Shang Fulin Xiang Junbo

Ministry of State Asset General

Ministry of State Electricity
Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Housing and Supervision and Administration
Environmental Regulatory
Finance Foreign Affairs Transport Urban-Rural Administration of Press and
Protection Commission
Xie Xuren Yang Jiechi Li Shenglin Development Commission Publication
Zhou Shengxian Wang Xudong
Jiang Weixin Wang Yong Liu Binjie

Ministry of Ministry of State

Ministry of State
Human Industry and Ministry of Ministry of Land National Bureau Administration
National Intellectual
Resources and Information Justice and Resources of Statistics for Industry and
Defense Property Office
Social Security Technology Wu Aiying Xu Shaoshi Ma Jiantang Commerce
Liang Guanglie Tian Lipu
Yin Weimin Li Yizhong Zhou Bohua

Development
Ministry of State
Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of State Ministry of Research Center State Forestry
Science and Administration
Public Security Railways Security Supervision of the State Administration
Technology of Taxation
Meng Jianzhu Liu Zhijun Geng Huichang Ma Wen Council Jia Zhibang
Wan Gang Xiao Jie
Zhang Yutai

National
Ministry of General China National
Ministry of National Development & People’s Xinhua
Water Administration Tourism
Health Audit Office Reform Bank of China News Agency
Resources of Customs Administration
Chen Zhu Liu Jiayi Commission Zhou Xiaochuan Li Congjun
Chen Lei Sheng Guangzu Shao Qiwei
Zhang Ping

State Food and Drug National Energy State Administration of

Administration Administration Foreign Exchange
Shao Mingli Zhang Guobao Yi Gang

EXHIBIT A.2 Key Ministries, Commissions, and Organizations under the State Council

20/12/11 11:24 AM
 Appendix A 283

CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST

PARTY ( )

The Central Committee is the highest authority within the Communist Party
of China and is elected by members of the National Party Congress. It has no
fixed size but it is typically made up of about 300 members and nominally
appoints the Politburo of the Communist Party of China. It is an important
body that contains the leading figures of the party, state, and army.

POLITBURO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA

( )

The power within the politburo is centralized in the Politburo Standing

Committee of the Communist Party of China. The power of the Politburo
resides largely in the fact that its members generally simultaneously hold
positions within the People’s Republic of China state government and has
control over personnel appointments to the Politburo and Secretariat. In
addition, some Politburo members hold powerful regional positions.

POLITBURO STANDING COMMITTEE (

)

The Politburo Standing Committee acts as the de facto highest and most power-
ful decision-making body in China. It is a committee consisting of the top lead-
ership of the Communist Party of China, whose membership varies between
five and nine people. The General Secretary of the Communist Party (
) is the highest-ranking official within the Communist
Party of China, and a standing member and head of the Politburo. The Central
Military Commission Chairman ( ) directs the armed forces of
the country and has overall responsibility for the Central Military Commission.

NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S

POLITICAL CONSULTATIVE CONFERENCE (
)

The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) func-

tions as a political advisory body in the People’s Republic of China.
CPPCC is made up of delegates from a range of political parties and

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 284 APPENDIX A

organizations, as well as independent members in China. The propor-

tion of representation of the various parties is determined by established
convention, negotiated between the parties. A large proportion of the
CPCC members are CPC members with other members from other allied
parties, such as the United Front, or members who are not affiliated
with any party. As a political advisory body, the CPPCC is meant to
be representative of a broad range of people and interests in China and
makes proposals ( ) for discussion during the meeting. CPPCC holds
a yearly meeting at the same time as plenary sessions of the NPC. Both
CPPCC and NPC plenary sessions are important national-level political
decision-making meetings. Both meetings are commonly known as the
Two Meetings ( ) in China.

NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS ( )

The highest organ of state in China is the National People’s Congress (NPC).
It is empowered to enact laws ( ), ratify treaties, and select the president
and vice-president. It functions as a forum for mediating policy differences
among different parts of the Party, the government, and groups of society.
The plenary session of the NPC is held once every year or at any time under
special circumstances.
The NPC has no fixed size and consists of about 3,000 delegates.
Delegates to the National People’s Congress are elected for five-year terms
via a multi-tiered representative electoral system. NPC members are elected
from the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. They are
individuals considered to be acceptable to the Chinese Communist Party,
although they may not necessarily be part of the CCP. Because of the sheer
size of the delegation and the fact that the NPC meets infrequently, power is
delegated to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for
key decision making.

STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S

CONGRESS ( )

The constitution of the National People’s Congress provides for most of

its power to be exercised on a day-to-day basis by its Standing Committee,
which contains about 150 members. Due to its overwhelming majority in
the Congress, the Communist Party has total control over the composition
of the Standing Committee, thereby controlling the actions of the National
People’s Congress.

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 Appendix A 285

STATE COUNCIL ( )

The State Council is responsible for performing most of the administrative

work of the government. It is headed by a premier and assisted by several
vice-premiers. It sits at the top of a complex bureaucracy of commissions and
ministries and is responsible for making sure party policy gets implemented
from the national to the local level. There are four vice-premiers whose
areas of responsibilities are divided across industrial, finance and macroeco-
nomic, energy and transportation, agriculture, and minorities affairs. State
councilors play a critical role in the leadership of the State Council. Their
primary responsibilities are to assist the Premier and Vice-Premiers to over-
see various government portfolios. State councilors are part of a Standing
Committee of the State Council, alongside the premier, vice-premiers, and
the secretary general of the State Council. A State councilor’s portfolio is
also clearly delineated, which can range among education, defense, for-
eign policy, economic, and public security issues. State councilors may also
hold ministerial positions. The ministries and commissions under the State
Council report to the State councilors and premiers.

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