THE’ BROADWAY ENGINEERING HANDpOOKS vou ve xitt THE CALCULUS’ FOR’ ENGINEERS BY EWART S. ANDREWS, B.Sc.Enc. (Lond.) AUTHOR OF "GHEORY AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURES” FELLOW OF THE CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF PATENT AGENTS FORMERLY DEMONSTRATOR AND LECTURER gN THE ENGINEKIING DEPARTMENT OF UNIVERSITY CoLtoe, LONDON AND H. BRYON HEYWOOD, DSc. (Paris, B.Sc. (Lonp‘) . ari REVISED EDITION With One Hundred and Two Iwstrations, Tables, and Numerous Worked Bramplee.. x scores E&NWOOD & SON "8 BROAD WAYP LUDSATE HILL, BC. 4 " 1922 oe [64 rights r&erved|PREFACE “Tris generally admitted that the standasd courses of pure mathematics a8 faught in schools afd colleges are not well adapted to form part of the , professional training of engineers, But mathe- matics must form a large and an essential part of this training; 4nd there has arisen a large ebody of text-booky written to satisfy the 1 needs of engineering students, As a rule, how- ever? these text-books will be found to con- sist ef extracts, more or less modified, from the standard courses, interpolated with examples from engineering subjects proper. It-is inevit- able that the result-of this sc‘ssors-and-paste method lacks the essential virtues of the original courses, logical dyvelopment and ease of compre- hension. Our experience is that the undoubted difficulty which the engineer has with mathe- matics 1s due principally to his general difficulty in reasoning in mathematical lan, e, and that his difficulties are not restricted to the calculus. In this book, the outcome of the combined efforts of an engineer and a mathematician, it has been our aim and/ambition to develop a course ab initio, treating engineering calculus as a subject ef engineeying. This has led us to endeavour to oF *¢ a whole, logical apd, con- sistent in ita€t, in which the point of yew has always béen that ofthe chginect, has always been consgete, father, than abs! We ap-» proach each, new development of ghd subject' . . w PREFACE _thfough ant engjnecring problem, so tkat first ‘(he need of: a proposition may be felt, and then the proposition provided. Mathematical terms are defined moresif every-day languaye than is ugual, and a large amdunt of cortsideratione is naturally given to‘typical engineering applica- tions. Particular stress has been¢aid pon Steps ,of reasoning which experience hus shown fo‘pre- “sent obstacles tp students. ‘The student will fihd’ throughout the book a pumber of exercises by which he may test the extent to which he has followed the vérious: sections of the work. He is strongly recom- mended to work carefully through thesc, as it is only by continual practice th&t he can expect te become fully acquainted with the subject. The marks (c), (aw) and (mf) which will be found alongside many of the examples arm] ex- ercises indicate that the problems are of par- ticular interest to civil and constructional, mechanical ané electrical engineers respectively. For those students who wish to obtain a fair idea of the principles of the calculus as applied to engineering problems, and who have not time to work systematically right through the book, we would recommend the following shortened course: Chapters I and II, IV, V, VI, VIE, X. We wish to express our thanks to Prof. Horace Lamb and Mr. W. W. F. Pullen for permission to include the tables of exponential functions and hyperbolic logarithms Roe ae and to Mr. A. E. Monkcom, for assistance and suggestions with thes roofs. .¢ - EWART 3 ANDREWS. _ HY BRYON HEYWOOD. * Loxvos, August, ‘014