BOOK IV

OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS

Title. I. - OBLIGATIONS
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1158. ________________ derived from law are not presumed. Only those ________________ determined in this Code or in ________________
laws are ________________, and shall be ________________ by the ________________ of the law which ________________ them; and as to what
has not been ________________, by the provisions of this Book. (1090)

Art. 1159. Obligations ________________ from ________________ have the ________________ of law between the ________________
________________ and should be complied with in ________________ ________________. (1091a)

Art. 1160. Obligations ________________ from ________________ shall be subject to the provisions of Chapter 1, Title XVII, of this Book. (n)

Art. 1161. ________________ obligations arising from ________________ offenses shall be ________________ by the penal laws, subject to the
________________ of Article 2177, and of the ________________ provisions of Chapter 2, ________________ Title, on Human ________________,
and of Title XVIII of this Book, ________________ damages. (1092a)

Art. 1162. Obligations derived from ________________ shall be ________________ by the provisions of Chapter 2, Title XVII of this Book, and by
________________ laws. (1093a)

Art. 1163. ________________ person ________________ to ________________ something is also obliged to ________________
________________ of it with the proper ________________ of a good ________________ of a family, unless the law or the ________________ of
the parties requires another ________________ of care. (1094a)

Art. 1164. The

________________ has a ________________ to the ________________ of the ________________ from the time the obligation to
________________ it arises. However, he shall ________________ no ________________ right over it until the ________________ has been
delivered to him. (1095)

Art. 1165. When what is to be ________________ is a ________________ thing, the ________________, in ________________ to the right granted
him by Article 1170, may ________________ the ________________ to make the ________________.

If the thing is ________________ or ________________, he may ask that the obligation be ________________ with at the ________________ of
the debtor.

If the obligor ________________, or has ________________ to deliver the same thing to ________________ or more ________________ who do
not have the same ________________, he shall be ________________ for any ________________ event until he has ________________ the
delivery. (1096)
Art. 1166. The obligation to ________________ a determinate thing ________________ that of ________________ all its ________________ and
________________, even though they may not have been ________________. (1097a)

Art. 1167. If a person obliged to do something ________________ to do it, the same shall be ________________ at his ________________.

This same rule shall be ________________ if he does it in ________________ of the ________________ of the ________________. Furthermore, it
may be ________________ that what has been ________________ done be ________________. (1098)

Art. 1168. When the ________________ consists in not ________________, and the ________________ does what has been ________________
him, it shall also be ________________ at his ________________. (1099a)

Art. 1169. Those ________________ to ________________ or to ________________ something ________________ in ________________ from the
time the ________________ ________________ or ________________ ________________ from them the ________________ of their obligation.

However, the ________________ by the ________________ shall not be ________________ in order that delay may exist:

(1) When the obligation or the law ________________ so ________________; or

(2) When from the ________________ and the ________________ of the obligation it ________________ that the ________________ of the
time when the thing is to be ________________ or the ________________ is to be ________________ was a controlling ________________
for the establishment of the ________________; or

(3) When________________ would be ________________, as when the ________________ has ________________ it beyond his
________________ to ________________.

In________________ obligations, ________________ party ________________ in delay if the other does not ________________ or is not
________________ to comply in a ________________ manner with what is ________________ upon him. From the ________________ one of the
parties ________________ his obligation, ________________ by the other ________________. (1100a)

Art. 1170. Those who in the ________________ of their ________________ are ________________ of fraud, ________________, or delay, and
those who in any manner ________________ the tenor thereof, are ________________ for ________________. (1101)

Art. 1171.
________________ arising from ________________ is demandable in all obligations. Any ________________ of an action for
________________ fraud is ________________. (1102a)

Art. 1172. Responsibility ________________ from ________________ in the performance of every ________________ of ________________ is also
demandable, but such ________________ may be ________________ by the ________________, according to the circumstances. (1103)
Art. 1173. The fault or negligence of the ________________ consists in the ________________ of that ________________ which is
________________ by the ________________ of the obligation and ________________ with the ________________ of the ________________, of
the ________________ and of the ________________. When negligence shows ________________ faith, the provisions of Articles 1171 and 2201,
paragraph 2, shall ________________.

If the
________________ or contract does not ________________ the ________________ which is to be ________________ in the
________________, that which is ________________ of a ________________ father of a ________________ shall be ________________. (1104a)

Art. 1174.
________________ in ________________ ________________ specified by the law, or when it is otherwise ________________ by
________________, or when the nature of the obligation ________________ the ________________ of ________________, no person shall be
________________ for those ________________ which could not be ________________, or which, though ________________, were
________________. (1105a)

Art. 1175. ________________ transactions shall be ________________ by ________________ laws. (n)

Art. 1176. The ________________ of the ________________ by the creditor ________________ reservation with ________________ to the
interest, shall give ________________ to the ________________ that said interest has been ________________.

The ________________ of a ________________ ________________ of a ________________ without ________________ as to ________________

installments, shall likewise ________________ the ________________ that such installments have been ________________. (1110a)

Art. 1177. The________________, after having ________________ the ________________ in ________________ of the debtor to
________________ their claims, may ________________ all the ________________ and ________________ all the ________________ of the
________________ for the same ________________, ________________ those which are ________________ in his ________________; they may
also ________________ the acts which the ________________ may have done to ________________ them. (1111)

Art. 1178. ________________ to the laws, all rights ________________ in ________________ of an obligation are ________________, if there has
been no ________________ to the ________________. (1112)

Art. 1179. ________________ obligation whose ________________ does not ________________ upon a future or ________________ event, or
upon a ________________ event ________________ to the parties, is ________________ at once.

Every ________________ which ________________ a ________________ condition shall also be demandable, without ________________ to the
effects of the ________________ of the event. (1113)

Art. 1180. When the debtor ________________ himself to pay when his means ________________ him to do so, the obligation shall be
________________ to be one with a ________________, subject to the provisions of Article 1197. (n)
Art. 1181. In ________________ obligations, the ________________ of rights, as well as the ________________ or ________________ of those
already ________________, shall depend upon the ________________ of the event which ________________ the condition. (1114)

Art. 1182. When the ________________ of the condition ________________ upon the ________________ will of the ________________, the
conditional obligation shall be ________________. If it depends upon ________________ or upon the will of a ________________ person, the
________________ shall take effect in ________________ with the ________________ of this ________________. (1115)

Art. 1183. ________________ ________________, those contrary to good ________________ or ________________ ________________ and those
________________ by law shall ________________ the obligation which depends upon them. If the ________________ is ________________, that
part thereof which is not ________________ by the ________________ or ________________ condition shall be ________________.

The ________________ ________________ to do an impossible ________________ shall be considered as not having been ________________
upon. (1116a)

Art. 1184. The ________________ that some event ________________ at a ________________ time shall ________________ the obligation as soon
as the ________________ ________________ or if it has become ________________ that the event will not take ________________. (1117)

Art. 1185. The condition that ________________ event will not ________________ at a determinate ________________ shall render the obligation
________________ from the moment the time ________________ has ________________, or if it has become ________________ that the
________________ cannot ________________.

If no
________________ has been ________________, the ________________ shall be deemed fulfilled at such ________________ as may have
________________ been ________________, ________________ in ________________ the ________________ of the obligation. (1118)

Art. 1186. The ________________ shall be deemed ________________ when the obligor ________________ ________________ its fulfillment.
(1119)

Art. 1187. The________________ of a ________________ obligation to ________________, once the ________________ has been fulfilled, shall
________________ to the day of the ________________ of the obligation. Nevertheless, when the obligation ________________ reciprocal
________________ upon the ________________, the fruits and ________________ during the ________________ of the condition shall be deemed
to have been ________________ ________________. If the obligation is ________________, the ________________ shall appropriate the
________________ and interests ________________, unless from the nature and ________________ of the obligation it should be
________________ that the ________________ of the person ________________ the same was ________________.

In obligations to ________________ and ________________ to do, the courts shall determine, in each case, the ________________ effect of the
condition that has been ________________ with. (1120)

Art. 1188. The ________________ may, ________________ the fulfillment of the condition, bring the ________________ ________________ for
the ________________ of his ________________.
The ________________ may ________________ what during the same time he has paid by ________________ in case of a ________________
condition. (1121a)

Art. 1189. When the conditions have been ________________ with the intention of suspending the ________________ of an obligation to
________________, the following ________________ shall be observed in case of the ________________, loss or ________________ of the thing
during the ________________ of the condition:

(1) If the thing is ________________ without the ________________ of the ________________, the obligation shall be ________________;

(2) If the
________________ is lost through the ________________ of the ________________, he shall be ________________ to
________________ damages; it is understood that the ________________ is ________________ when it ________________, or goes out of
________________, or ________________ in such a way that its ________________ is ________________ or it cannot be
________________;

(3) When the thing

________________ ________________. the fault of the ________________, the ________________ is to be
________________ by the ________________;

(4) If it
________________ through the fault of the ________________, the ________________ may ________________ between the
________________ of the obligation and its fulfillment, with ________________ for damages in either case;

(5) If the thing is

________________ by its ________________, or by time, the ________________ shall ________________ to the
________________ of the ________________;

(6) If it is
________________ at the ________________ of the debtor, he shall have ________________ other ________________ than that
________________ to the ________________. (1122)

Art. 1190. When the ________________ have for their ________________ the ________________ of an obligation to give, the ________________,
upon the ________________ of said conditions, shall ________________ to ________________ other what they have ________________.

In case of the
________________, deterioration or ________________ of the thing, the provisions which, with ________________ to the debtor, are
________________ down in the preceding ________________ shall be applied to the ________________ who is ________________ to return.

As for the ________________ to ________________ and ________________ to do, the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 1187 shall be
observed as ________________ the effect of the ________________ of the obligation. (1123)

Art. 1191. The ________________ to ________________ obligations is implied in ________________ ones, in case one of the ________________
should not ________________ with what is ________________ upon him.
The________________ party may ________________ between the ________________ and the rescission of the ________________, with the
________________ of damages in either case. He may also ________________ rescission, even ________________ he has chosen
________________, if the ________________ should become ________________.

The court shall ________________ the rescission claimed, unless there be ________________ cause ________________ the ________________ of
a ________________.

This is
________________ to be without ________________ to the ________________ of third persons who have ________________ the thing, in
________________ with Articles 1385 and 1388 and the ________________ Law. (1124)

Art. 1192. In case ________________ parties have committed a ________________ of the obligation, the liability of the first ________________
shall be ________________ ________________ by the courts. If it cannot be ________________ which of the ________________ first
________________ the contract, the same shall be deemed extinguished, and each shall bear his ________________ damages. (n)

SECTION 2. - Obligations with a Period

Art. 1193. ________________ for whose ________________ a day certain has been fixed, shall be demandable only when that ________________
comes.

Obligations with a ________________ period take effect at once, but ________________ upon ________________ of the day ________________.

A day certain is ________________ to be that which must ________________ come, although it may not be ________________ when.

If the
________________ consists in whether the ________________ will come or not, the obligation is ________________, and it shall be
________________ by the rules of the preceding Section. (1125a)

Art. 1194. In case of loss, ________________ or improvement of the thing ________________ the ________________ of the day
________________, the rules in Article 1189 shall be ________________. (n)

Art. 1195.
________________ paid or ________________ before the ________________ of the period, the ________________ being
________________ of the period or ________________ that the obligation has become ________________ and ________________, may be
________________, with the fruits and ________________. (1126a)

Art. 1196. ________________ in an ________________ a period is ________________, it is ________________ to have been ________________
for the ________________ of ________________ the ________________ and the debtor, unless from the ________________ of the same or other
________________ it should ________________ that the period has been established in ________________ of ________________ or of the other.
(1127)
Art. 1197. If the obligation does ________________ ________________ a period, but from its ________________ and the circumstances it can be
________________ that a ________________ was intended, the ________________ may ________________ the ________________ thereof.

The courts shall also

________________ the ________________ of the period when it depends upon the ________________ of the
________________.

In every case, the ________________ shall determine such period as may under the ________________ have been ________________ contemplated
by the ________________. Once fixed by the ________________, the period cannot be ________________ by them. (1128a)

Art. 1198. The debtor shall ________________ every ________________ to make use of the period:

(1) When________________ the obligation has been ________________, he becomes ________________, unless he gives a ________________ or
________________ for the debt;

(2) When he does not ________________ to the ________________ the ________________ or securities which he has ________________;

(3) When by his ________________ ________________ he has impaired said ________________ or ________________ after their establishment,
and when through a ________________ event they ________________, unless he ________________ gives ________________ ones
________________ ________________;

(4) When the ________________ violates any ________________, in consideration of which the creditor agreed to the period;

(5) When the debtor attempts to ________________. (1129a)

Art. 1199. A person ________________ bound by different ________________ shall completely ________________ one of them.

The ________________ cannot be ________________ to ________________ part of one and part of the other undertaking. (1131)

Art. 1200. The ________________ of choice belongs to the ________________, unless it has been expressly ________________ to the creditor.

The ________________ shall have no ________________ to choose those ________________ which are impossible, ________________ or which
could not have been the ________________ of the obligation. (1132)

Art. 1201. The choice shall ________________ no effect except from the time it has been ________________. (1133)

Art. 1202. The

________________ shall ________________ the right of choice when among the ________________ whereby he is
________________ bound, only ________________ is ________________. (1134)
Art. 1203. If through the creditor's ________________ the debtor ________________ make a choice ________________ to the ________________
of the obligation, the latter may ________________ the contract with ________________. (n)

Art. 1204. The creditor shall ________________ a right to ________________ for ________________ when, through the ________________ of the
debtor, ________________ the things which are alternatively the ________________ of the ________________ have been lost, or the
________________ of the obligation has become ________________.

The________________ shall be ________________ taking as a ________________ the ________________ of the last thing which
________________, or that of the ________________ which last became ________________.

________________ other than the ________________ of the ________________ thing or service may also be ________________. (1135a)

Art. 1205. When the

________________ has been ________________ given to the ________________, the obligation shall ________________ to be
________________ from the day when the ________________ has been ________________ to the debtor.

Until then the ________________ of the debtor shall be ________________ by the following rules:

(1) If
________________ of the things is lost through a ________________ event, he shall ________________ the obligation by
________________ that which the ________________ should ________________ from among the ________________, or that which
________________ if only one ________________;

(2) If the
________________ of one of the ________________ occurs through the ________________ of the ________________, the
________________ may ________________ any of those ________________, or the ________________ of that which, through the fault of
the ________________, has disappeared, with a right to damages;

(3) If all the

________________ are lost through the fault of the ________________, the ________________ by the creditor shall
________________ upon the ________________ of ________________ one of them, also with ________________ for damages.

The same ________________ shall be applied to ________________ to do or not to do in case one, ________________ or all of the prestations
should become impossible. (1136a)

Art. 1206. When only one ________________ has been agreed upon, but the ________________ may ________________ another in
________________, the obligation is called ________________.

The loss or
________________ of the thing ________________ as a ________________, through the ________________ of the
________________, does not render him liable. But once the ________________ has been made, the obligor is ________________ for the
________________ of the substitute on ________________ of his ________________, negligence or fraud. (n)