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How to avoid cargo claim onboard chemical tanker

Liquid Cargoes are valuable, tradable commodities. Thus, the ownership of a particular
parcel of Chemical cargo may keep changing. Temporary owners seek to protect the
interest of their cargo. Hence the chance of a cargo claim against the ship owner is high.

Some claims are discussed as follows -

Unloading without sighting original B/L: The Master must protect the interest of
the cargo owner by handing over the cargo to the rightful owner, when the receiver
produces the original Bill of Lading. Otherwise, the Charterers must provide the
Owners / Master with suitable guarantees. Unloading must not commence without
authorization from the owners, or without sighting original B/L. The Company must
be notified if any of the two is missing.

B/L Claims: These claims may be used in comparison between the following
quantities:

i)Discrepancy between the B/L figure and Ship's arrival figure at the unloading
port.

ii) Discrepancy between the B/L figure and Shore out-turn figure.

If the ship's “experience factor?for B/L figure are in a close approximation of the
ship's figure at load port, the claim for ‘in transit?loss may be based on the ship’s
figure at load port, minus the “in transit loss? the cause of which must be
established by re-checking ballast on board, adjacent tanks, draughts and trim,
rechecking of ullages, Cargo temperature at different ullages, use of different
thermometers and cargo recalculation.
The accuracy of tank calibrations, measuring methods and equipment should be
considered in these circumstances. If discrepancy still exists, a 'Letter of Protest'
must be issued, especially if it is over 0.5%.

Cargo Retention On Board Clauses: These clauses are generally not found in
voyage charter parties. If pumpable cargo remains on board after unloading, then
claims may be made against the vessel. To avoid this, remaining cargo should be
within the limits permitted by the C/P. Hence, the need for adequate stripping and
draining.

Dead freight claim and exceeding the maximum agreed quantity: In the event
that the shippers are unable to supply the quantity nominated in the Notice of
Readiness - deadfreight must be claim against the Charterers. If the maximum
agreed cargo quantity is exceeded (min/max, upper margin limit) by no more than
1%, this can be accepted. If the limit is exceeded, the management office must be
informed immediately that necessary steps can be taken.

Fig:Modern Chemical tanker hellespont credo underway

Cargo Off-specification: Maximum claims on Chemical tankers occur due to quality

not quantity. Cargoes are subjected to tests, like Spectrometry, colour test, etc.

At times, parcels get mixed, for reasons like moisture, overheating, improper
heating, self-reaction, reaction with tank material, other cargoes etc. Hence, the
need for proper cargo planning, to ensure the properties of cargo are compatible
with the various contacts within the tank. Sufficient samples must be taken and be
sealed, signed by the Chief Officer and the terminal representative, stored for
retention or testing, as required and not disposed off, until expressly instructed in
writing by the Company.

Slow Loading and Discharging Rate: Depending on the total time for loading, a
 suitable protest is to be directed to the Shipper if the loading rate is much too slow.
The C/P may contain a provision guaranteeing a certain rate of unloading and/or
the discharge pressure. This must be met. Lost time will result in a claim against
the vessel.

Failure of Cargo Tank inspection: Tanks are inspected prior to loading. Failure of
tank inspection or the first foot sample will result in off-hire of the vessel and may
also lead to loss of profits. Hence tank cleaning and the tank inspection must be
thorough. To protect against possible cargo claims it is very important that cargo
sampling is correctly carried out

These are few claims that frequently apply to a chemical tanker. Additionally, certain other
claims, such as sea performance, unaccounted delays in port, equipment failure etc. may
also arise and the vessel needs to be careful. A prudent Master will identify all areas of
claims, for a particular cargo/voyage and take effective steps to protect the ship owner's
interest.

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Related info:

Issuing letter of protest against cargo claims

Cargo shortage dispute and operational delays if not timely reported to

management ashore owners are liable to substantial claims.....
Cargo dispute & required entry for statement of facts

Cargo calculation & related guideline

Signing a Bill of lading & related problems

 Issuing notice of readiness and related guideline

Ship inspection at foreign ports -An important guideline

Handling self reactive chemicals

Handling of toxic chemical cargoes

Risk with noxious liquid cargo contact

The biggest risk of a chemical cargo spill

Restriction on discharge of cargo residues into sea from chemical tankers

Risk & hazards of chemical contamination onboard

Cargo handling safe practices onboard modern chemical tankers

Reference publications

Equipment Manufacturers Instruction Manuals

MARPOL ?73/78 (latest consolidated edition)
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT)
CFR 33 parts 125 to 199
Ship to Ship Transfer Guide (Petroleum)
MSDS for particular cargo carried
Chemical Tank Cleaning Guide

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APHA (Hazen) method for determining color of very light chemical products

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Hazards of Phenol - safe handling of Phenol on chemical tankers.

Handling benzene & methanol safety precautions

Personal protective equipments for carcinogens & cyanide-like cargoes onboard chemical
tankers

Handling ACRYLONITRILE safety precautions

handling ISOCYANATES safety precautions

Loading, carrying & discharging of Sulphuric acid - regulatory requirements & special
handling methods

Product characteristics & special arrangements for carrying Phenol onboard

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