Open System

Interconnection Model

Presented by Hung Ba Ngo

OSI - Open System Interconnection Model

● Standardized by ISO (International Standard

Organization)
● Composed from seven layers:

Physical layer

Data link layer

Network layer

Transport layer

Session layer

Presentation

Application layer
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OSI Model

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OSI Model

Application
Protocol

Interface 4/3

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OSI Model


Physical layer
 Transmit raw bit on a physical link
 Define the hardware equipment, cabling,
wiring, frequencies, pulses used to represent
binary signals, …
 Provide services to data link layer

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OSI Model

● Data link layer

• Data transmission unit – Frame
• Establish mechanism for error detection and correction
• Establish mechanism for flow control
• Control access into shared medium
• Require direct links between sending and receiving
hosts
• 01001 => 01001
• 01001 => 01011

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OSI Model

 Network layer
 Data transmission unit - Packet
 Routing and forwarding packets
 Detecting and avoiding network congestion

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OSI Model

 Transport layer
 Provide an end-to-end data transmission service
 Control packets loss and duplication
 Multiplexing / De-multiplexing
 Session layer
 Session management
 Synchronizing transmission data

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OSI Model

 Presentation layer
 Standardizing data exchanged between different computer
architectures: Little Endian víi Big Endian, . .
 Compressing, encoding transmission data
 Application layer
 Network applications : Email, Web, FTP, . . .
 Application protocols: HTTP, SMTP, POP,IMAP...

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OSI Model

n+1 n+1  n Entity: a process in

entity entity
n+1-PDU layer N
n-SDU n-SDU  SAP = Service Access
n-SAP n-SAP Point
n-SDU H  SDU = Service Data
n n Unit
entity entity
H n-SDU  PDU = Protocol Data
n-PDU Unit
 H=Header

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Example of layer hierarchy
Application Application

Presentation Presentation

Session Session

Transport Transport
Mail sorting
Mail sorting center in Cần Thơ Post
Paris Post Office center in Paris TPHCM Office

Network Network Network Network Network Network

Airport in Paris TanSonNhat
Airport

Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink

Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical

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Example of layer hierarchy
 Application layer: Writing/reading letter
 Presentation layer: Translating, putting letter into an
envelop, open an envelop
 Session layer: Collecting/Dispatching letters of different
offices
 Transport layer: Role of office agent in a company.
 Network layer: Role of post office or Mail sorting center
 Data-link layer: Transport mail between two neighborhood
post office.
 Physical: Transportation methods (by car, by train, by
airplane).

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Computer Network Operating Systems

OSI
OSI UNIX Netware NT

Application Netware File I/O

NFS Core Protocol
Presentation SubEnv
Named | NetBios
Session FTP,SMTP,... Pipe | NetBIOS

Transport TCP-UDP SPX

NETBEUI
Network IP IPX

Data-link Lan Driver Lan Driver Lan Driver

MAC ODI-NDIS NDIS

Phisycal Phisycal Phisycal Phisycal

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