Professional Documents
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Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Documentation for equipment ordered from NR is dispatched separately from manufactured goods
and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided to ensure that printed
information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous
Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
Earth
Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power supply to the equipment is on, as
this may cause the equipment to malfunction.
External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
Connection cable
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and dissemination
to third parties is strictly forbidden except where expressly authorized.
The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically, and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or improvement are greatly appreciated.
Documentation Structure
The manual provides a functional and technical description of this relay and a comprehensive set
of instructions for the relay’s use and application.
1 Introduction
Briefly introduce the application, functions and features about this device.
2 Technical Data
Introduce the technical data about this relay, such as electrical specifications, mechanical
specifications, ambient temperature and humidity range, communication port parameters, type
tests, setting ranges and accuracy limits and the certifications that our products have passed.
3 Operation Theory
Introduce a comprehensive and detailed functional description of all protective elements.
4 Supervision
Introduce the automatic self-supervision function of this device.
5 Management
Introduce the management function (measurement and recording) of this device.
6 Hardware
Introduce the main function carried out by each plug-in module of this device and providing the
definition of pins of each plug-in module.
7 Settings
List settings including system settings, communication settings, label settings, logic links and etc.,
and some notes about the setting application.
9 Configurable Function
Introduce configurable function of the device and all configurable signals are listed.
10 Communication
Introduce the communication port and protocol which this relay can support, IEC60970-5-103,
IEC61850 and DNP3.0 protocols are introduced in details.
11 Installation
iv PCS-902 Line Distance Relay
Date: 2015-04-16
Preface
Introduce the recommendations on unpacking, handling, inspection and storage of this relay. A
guide to the mechanical and electrical installation of this relay is also provided, incorporating
earthing recommendations. A typical wiring connection to this relay is indicated.
12 Commissioning
Introduce how to commission this relay, comprising checks on the calibration and functionality of
this device.
13 Maintenance
A general maintenance policy for this device is outlined.
Deviations may be permitted in drawings and tables when the type of designator can be obviously
derived from the illustration.
&
AND gate
≥1
OR gate
Comparator
BI
Binary signal via opto-coupler
SET I>
Input signal from comparator with setting
EN
Input signal of logic setting for function enabling
SIG
Input of binary signal except those signals via opto-coupler
XXX
Output signal
Timer
t
t
Timer (optional definite-time or inverse-time characteristic)
10ms 0ms
Timer [delay pickup (10ms), delay dropoff (0ms), non-settable]
[XXX] 0ms
Timer (delay pickup, settable)
0ms [XXX]
Timer (delay dropoff, settable)
[XXX] [XXX]
Timer (delay pickup, delay dropoff, settable)
IDMT
Timer (inverse-time characteristic)
Basic Example
A, B, C L1, L2, L3 Ia, Ib, Ic, I0 IL1, IL2, IL3, IN
AN, BN, CN L1N, L2N, L3N Ua, Ub, Uc VL1, VL2, VL3
ABC L123 Uab, Ubc, Uca VL12, VL23, VL31
U (voltage) V U0, U1, U2 VN, V1, V2
1 Introduction
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 1-a
1.1 Application....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Function ........................................................................................................... 1-4
1.3 Features ........................................................................................................... 1-7
List of Figures
Figure 1.1-1 Typical application of PCS-902 for single circuit breaker .................................1-1
Figure 1.1-2 Typical application of PCS-902 for double circuit breakers ..............................1-2
1.1 Application
PCS-902 is a digital line distance protection with the main and back-up protection functions, which
is designed for overhead line or cables and hybrid transmission lines of various voltage levels.
52 52
In the case of main protection, PCS-902 provides dual-channels pilot distance protection (PUTT,
POTT, blocking and unblocking) and pilot directional earth-fault protection (selectable for
independent communication channel or sharing channel with POTT), which can clear any internal
fault instantaneously for the whole line with the aid of protection signal. Deviation of power
frequency component (DPFC) distance protection with fixed forward direction can perform
extremely high speed operation for close-up faults. There is direct transfer trip (DTT) feature
incorporated in the device.
PCS-902 also includes distance protection (1 forward zones and 4 settable forward or reverse
zone distance protection with selectable mho or quadrilateral characteristic, dedicated pilot
distance zone for pilot distance protection), 4 stages directional earth fault protection, 4 stages
directional phase overcurrent protection, 3 stages voltage protection (under/over voltage
protection), 1 stage negative-sequence overvoltage protection, 4 stages frequency protection
(under/over frequency protection), broken conductor protection, reverse power protection, pole
discrepancy protection, breaker failure protection, thermal overload protection, and dead zone
protection etc. Morever, a backup overcurrent and earth fault protection will be automatically
enabled when VT circuit fails.
In addition, stub overcurrent protection is provided for one and a half breakers arrangement when
transmission line is put into maintenance.
PCS-902 can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit breakers
application by PCS-Explorer. If the device is applied to double circuit breakers mode, all protection
functions related to the number of circuit breaker will be affected, including circuit breaker position
supervision, breaker failure protection, dead zone protection, pole discrepancy protection,
synchrocheck, automatic reclosure, trip logic, CT circuit supervision.
Bus1
Single-phase
voltage
52
PCS-902 Line 1
Three-phase
voltage
52
Line 2
Single-phase
voltage
52
Bus2
PCS-902 has selectable mode of single-phase tripping or three-phase tripping and configurable
auto-reclosing mode for 1-pole, 3-poles and 1/3-pole operation.
PCS-902 with appropriate selection of integrated protection functions can be applied for various
voltage levels and primary equipment such as cables, overhead lines, interconnectors and
transformer feeder, etc. It also supports configurable binary inputs, binary outputs, LEDs and IEC
61850 protocol.
BUS
52
81
FL 59P
Data Transmitt/Receive
27P
50DZ 50STB (Only for one and a half breakers arrangement)
SOTF 25 79
LINE
1.2 Function
1. Protection Function
One zone distance protection with fixed forward direction (including phase-to-ground and
phase-to-phase, mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
One zone pilot distance protection with fixed forward direction (including phase-to-ground
and phase-to-phase, mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
One zone pilot distance protection with fixed reverse direction (including phase-to-ground
and phase-to-phase, mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
Four zones distance protection with settable forward or reverse direction (including
phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase, mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
Power swing blocking releasing, selectable for each of above mentioned zones
Overcurrent protection
Four stages directional earth fault protection, selectable time characteristic (definite-time
or inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, reverse direction or non-directional)
Voltage protection
Frequency protection
Control function
Synchro-checking
Automatic reclosure (single shot or multi-shot (max. 4) for 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR)
Dual-channels redundancy
Synchronism check for remote and manual closing (only for one circuit breaker)
Energy metering (active and reactive energy are calculated in import respectively export
direction)
3. Logic
4. Additional function
Fault location
VT circuit supervision
CT circuit supervision
Self diagnostic
Event Recorder including 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events, 256 control logs and 1024 device logs.
Disturbance recorder including 32 disturbance records with waveforms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)
Conventional
PPS (RS-485): Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level
PPM (DIN): Pulse per minute (PPM) via the optical coupler
PPS (DIN): Pulse per second (PPS) via the optical coupler
SAS
Advanced
NoTimeSync
5. Monitoring
Channel status
Frequency
6. Communication
Optional 2 or 4 Ethernet ports (depend on the chosen type of MON plug-in module) conform
to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over TCP/IP
Optional 2 Ethernet ports via optic fiber (ST interface) conform to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0
protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over TCP/IP
7. User Interface
Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9-button keypad on the front panel.
Auxiliary software—PCS-Explorer
1.3 Features
The intelligent device integrated with protection, control and monitor provides powerful
protection function, flexible protection configuration, user programmable logic and
configurable binary input and binary output, which can meet with various application
requirements.
Fast fault clearance for faults within the protected line, the operating time is less than 10 ms
for close-up faults, less than 15ms for faults in the middle of protected line and less than 25ms
for remote end faults.
The unique DPFC distance element integrated in the protective device provides extremely
high speed operation and insensitive to power swing.
Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects deviation of power frequency component
improves the protection sensitivity and stability under the condition of load fluctuation and
system disturbance.
Advanced and reliable power swing blocking releasing feature which ensure distance
protection operate correctly for internal fault during power swing and prevent distance
protection from maloperation during power swing
Flexible automatic reclosure supports various initiation modes and check modes
Multiple setting groups with password protection and setting value saved permanently before
modification
Powerful PC tool software can fulfill protection function configuration, modify setting and
waveform analysis.
2 Technical Data
Table of Contents
2 Technical Data .................................................................................. 2-a
2.1 Electrical Specifications ................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.1 AC Current Input ................................................................................................................ 2-1
0.15A@250Vdc
8A@3s
12A@1s
Short duration current
16A@0.5s
30A@0.2s
Durability (Loaded contact) 10000 operations
Number Up to 20 binary output according to various hardware configurations
2.6 Certifications
ISO9001:2008
ISO14001:2004
OHSAS18001:2007
ISO10012:2003
CMMI L5
2.7 Terminals
Connection Type Wire Size
Crimp terminals, 1.5mm2~4.0mm2 lead
AC current If using 4.0mm2 lead, only dedicated terminal cable lug provided by NR
can be adopted.
AC voltage Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Power supply Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Contact I/O Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Grounding (Earthing) Connection BVR type, 2.5mm²~6.0mm2 lead
2.10.17 Auto-reclosing
Phase difference setting range 0~89 (Deg)
Accuracy 2.0Deg
Voltage difference setting range 0.02Un~0.8Un (V)
Accuracy Max(0.01Un, 2.5%)
Frequency difference setting range 0.02~1 (Hz)
Accuracy 0.01Hz
Operating time of synchronism check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of energizing check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of auto-reclosing ≤1%Setting+20ms
3 Operation Theory
Table of Contents
3 Operation Theory ............................................................................. 3-a
3.1 System Parameters ......................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 General Application ............................................................................................................ 3-1
List of Figures
Figure 3.3-1 Logic diagram of frequency calculation .............................................................3-3
Figure 3.7-33 Logic diagram of pilot distance zone (Mho characteristic) ...........................3-55
Figure 3.7-34 Logic diagram of pilot distance zone (Quad characteristic) .........................3-56
Figure 3.7-40 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by manual closing signal .......3-70
Figure 3.7-41 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by 1-pole or 3-pole AR ...........3-70
Figure 3.8-2 Direct optical link up to 40km with 1310nm or up to 100km with 1550nm ....3-74
Figure 3.25-1 Relationship between reference voltage and synchronism voltage ..........3-175
Figure 3.25-6 Voltage connection for one and a half breakers arrangement....................3-179
Figure 3.25-7 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement .......................3-180
Figure 3.25-8 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement .......................3-181
List of Tables
Table 3.1-1 System parameters ................................................................................................3-1
Table 3.14-1 I/O signals of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure ...........................3-126
Further to correct configuration of analog input channels, other protected system information, such
as the parameters of voltage transformer and current transformer are also required.
3.1.3 Settings
Table 3.1-1 System parameters
3.2.3 Settings
Table 3.2-1 Line parameters
The device provide frequency track function, which can improve the accuracy of protection
algorithms and the performance of protection functions. For the power system using 50Hz or 60Hz
as reference frequency, the frequency track function can be disabled if the fluctuation of the
frequency range is not great. For the power system that the fluctuation of the frequency range is
great, the frequency track function can be enabled to improve protection performance.
It adopts the positive-sequence voltage which derived from protection used voltage as the
calculation reference, the positive-sequence voltage can be calculated as following:
When no VT is connected to the device, the frequency track function is disabled automatically, and
then the device calculates protection algorithm using the system reference frequency. When the
device detects a fault happening to the power system or the voltage is smaller than 0.15Un, the
frequency track function is disabled.
3.3.5 Logic
In order to prevent that wrong status of CB position is input into the device via binary input,
appropriate monitor method is used to check the rationality of the binary input. When the binary
input of CB open position is detected, the status of CB position will be thought as incorrect and an
alarm [Alm_52b] will be issued if there is current detected in the line.
Together with the status of circuit breaker and the information of external circuit, this function can
be used to supervise control circuit of circuit breaker.
External manual closing binary input (ManCls) is only used for SOTF logic application, the control
of circuit breaker (CB) closing or opening should refer to section 3.29 (Control and Synchrocheck
for Manual Closing).
TCCS will be disabled automatically when it is used for phase-segregated circuit breaker. x=1 or 2
Note!
The signal [CBx.52a] only take effect in the tripping/closing circuit supervision and not
affect any protection function. Only if tripping/closing circuit supervision is configured, this
signal needs to be connected to the device.
3.4.5 Logic
BI [CBx.52b_PhA] >=1
&
&
BI [CBx.52b_PhB] >=1
& &
>=1
10s 10s CBx.Alm_52b
BI [CBx.52b_PhC] >=1 >=1
&
BI [CBx.52b]
&
SIG CBx.Ia>I_Line
& >=1
SIG CBx.Ib>I_Line
&
SIG CBx.Ic>I_Line
BI [CB1.52b_PhA] >=1
&
52b_PhA
BI [CB1.52b_PhB] >=1
BI [CB1.52b_PhC]
>=1
BI [CB1.52b]
BI [CB1.Test]
&
52b_PhB
BI [CB2.52b_PhA] >=1
BI [CB2.52b_PhB] >=1
BI [CB2.52b_PhC]
&
>=1 52b_PhC
BI [CB2.52b]
BI [CB2.Test]
x=1 or 2
I_Line is threshold value used to determine whether line is on-load or no-load. Default value
0.06In.
3.4.6 Settings
Table 3.4-2 Internal settings of CB position supervision
Otherwise, the output relays would not operate. An alarm message will be issued with blocking
outputs if a protection element operates while the fault detector does not operate.
1. Fault detector based on DPFC current: DPFC current is greater than the setting value
2. Fault detector based on residual current: Residual current is greater than the setting value
4. Fault detector based on phase current: Phase current is greater than the setting value
5. Fault detector based on voltage: Phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is greater than the
setting value
6. Fault detector based on circuit breaker position: Circuit breaker position discrepancy
If any of the above conditions is complied, FD will operate to activate the output circuit providing
DC power supply to the output relays. The fault detector based on DPFC current and the fault
detector based on residual current are always enabled, and all protection functions are permitted
to operate when they operate.
DPFC phase-to-phase current is obtained by subtracting the phase-to-phase current from that of a
cycle before.
I(k-24) is the value of a sampling point before a cycle, 24 is the sampling points in one cycle.
200
100
-100
-200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Original Current
100
50
-50
-100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
DPFC current
From above figures, it is concluded that DPFC can reflect the sudden change of current at the
initial stage of a fault and has a perfect performance of fault detection.
It is used to determine whether this pickup condition is met according to Equation 3.5-1.
For multi-phase short-circuit fault, DPFC phase-to-phase current has high sensitivity to ensure the
pickup of protection device. For usual single phase to earth fault, it also has sufficient sensitivity to
pick up except the earth fault with very large fault resistance. Under this condition, DPFC current is
relative small, however, residual current is also used to judge pickup condition.
This element adopts adaptive floating threshold varied with the change of load current
continuously. The change of load current is small and steadily under normal or power swing
condition, the adaptive floating threshold with the ∆ISet is higher than the change of current under
these conditions and hence maintains the element stability.
Where:
∆IΦΦMAX: The maximum half-wave integration value of phase-to-phase current (ΦΦ=AB, BC, CA)
The coefficient, 1.25, is an empirical value which ensures the threshold always higher than the
unbalance output value of the system.
If operation condition is met, the fault detector based on DPFC current will operate to provide DC
power supply for output relays, the pickup signal will maintain 7s after the fault detector based on
DPFC current drops off.
The operation condition will be met when 3I0 is greater than the setting [FD.ROC.3I0_Set]. The
fault detector based on residual current is always in service.
Where:
3I0: residual current calculates from the vector sum of Ia, Ib and Ic
When the fault detector based on residual current operates and lasts for longer than 10 seconds,
an alarm [Alm_Pkp_I0] will be issued.
If operation condition is met, the fault detector based on residual current will operate to provide DC
power supply for output relay, and the pickup signal will maintain 7s after the fault detector based
on residual current drops off.
The operation condition will be met when negative-sequence current (I2) is greater than the
setting [FD.NOC.I2_Set]. It can be enabled or disabled by the logic setting [FD.NOC.En].
If operation condition is met, the fault detector based on negative-sequence current will operate to
provide DC power supply for output relay, and the pickup signal will maintain 7s after the fault
detector based on negative-sequence current drops off.
The fault detector based on phase current will operate to provide DC power supply for output relay
when phase overcurrent protection is enabled and meets the operation condition, and the pickup
signal will maintain 500ms after the fault detector based on phase current drops off.
This fault detector based on voltage includes the fault detectors of overvoltage protection,
undervoltage protection and frequency protection. The fault detector based on voltage will operate
to provide DC power supply for output relay when corresponding voltage element is enabled and
meets the operation condition, and the pickup signal will maintain 500ms after the fault detector
based on voltage drops off.
When pole discrepancy protection is enabled, i.e. the logic setting [62PD.En] is set as “1”, and if
three phases of circuit breaker are not in the same status, the fault detector based on circuit
breaker position will operate to provide DC power supply for output relays, and the pickup signal
will maintain 500ms after the the fault detector based on circuit breaker position drops off.
The fault detector based on thermal overload logic will operate to provide DC power supply for
output relay when tripping logic of thermal overload protection meets the operation condition, and
the pickup signal will maintain 500ms after the fault detector based on thermal overload logic
drops off.
The fault detector based on auxiliary element will operate to provide DC power supply for output
relay when auxiliary element is enabled and meets the operation condition, and the pickup signal
will maintain 500ms after the fault detector based on auxiliary element drops off.
Under the normal state, the protection device will perform the following tasks:
3. Hardware self-check
6. Channel supervision
Once the protection fault detector element in protection calculation DSP picks up, the protection
device will switch to fault calculation program, for example the calculation of distance protection,
and to determine logic. If the fault is within the protected zone, the protection device will send
tripping command.
Main program
Sampling program
No Yes
Pickup?
The protection FD pickup conditions are the same as the FD in fault detector DSP as shown below.
The operation criteria for the conditions are also the same as that in fault detector DSP. Please
refer to section 3.5.2 for details.
FD
FD.Pkp
FD.DPFC.Pkp
FD.ROC.Pkp
FD.NOC.Pkp
3.5.6 Logic
3.5.7 Settings
Table 3.5-2 Settings of fault detector
It shares DPFC current element of DPFC fault detector. If DPFC fault detector operates
(FD.DPFC.Pkp=1) and current change auxiliary element is enabled, current change auxiliary
element operates.
There are 3 stages for residual current auxiliary element (AuxE.ROC1, AuxE.ROC2 and
AuxE.ROC3). Each residual current auxiliary element will operate instantly if calculated residual
current amplitude is larger than corresponding current setting
AuxE.ROC1: 3I0>[AuxE.ROC1.3I0_Set]
AuxE.ROC2: 3I0>[AuxE.ROC2.3I0_Set]
AuxE.ROC3: 3I0>[AuxE.ROC3.3I0_Set]
Where:
There are 3 stages for phase current auxiliary element (AuxE.OC1, AuxE.OC2 and AuxE.OC3).
Each phase current auxiliary element will operate instantly if phase current amplitude is larger than
AuxE.OC1: IΦMAX>[AuxE.OC1.I_Set]
AuxE.OC2: IΦMAX>[AuxE.OC2.I_Set]
AuxE.OC3: IΦMAX>[AuxE.OC3.I_Set]
Where:
ΔUΦMAX>[AuxE.UVD.U_Set]
Where:
AuxE.UVG will operate instantly if any phase-to-ground voltage is lower than corresponding
voltage setting.
UΦMIN<[AuxE.UVG.U_Set]
Where:
AuxE.UVS will operate instantly if any phase-to-phase voltage is lower than corresponding voltage
setting.
UΦΦMIN<[AuxE.UVS.U_Set]
Where:
AuxE.ROV will operate instantly if calculated residual voltage is larger than corresponding voltage
setting.
3U0>[AuxE.ROV.3U0_Set]
Where:
AuxE
AuxE.OCD.En AuxE.St
AuxE.OCD.Blk AuxE.OCD.St_Ext
AuxE.ROCx.En AuxE.OCD.On
AuxE.ROCx.Blk AuxE.ROCx.St
AuxE.OCx.En AuxE.ROCx.On
AuxE.OCx.Blk AuxE.OCx.St
AuxE.UVD.En AuxE.OCx.StA
AuxE.UVD.Blk AuxE.OCx.StB
AuxE.UVG.En AuxE.OCx.StC
AuxE.UVG.Blk AuxE.OCx.On
AuxE.UVS.En AuxE.UVD.St
AuxE.UVS.Blk AuxE.UVD.St_Ext
AuxE.ROV.En AuxE.UVD.On
AuxE.ROV.Blk AuxE.UVG.St
AuxE.UVG.StA
AuxE.UVG.StB
AuxE.UVG.StC
AuxE.UVG.On
AuxE.UVS.St
AuxE.UVS.StAB
AuxE.UVS.StBC
AuxE.UVS.StCA
AuxE.UVS.On
AuxE.ROV.St
AuxE.ROV.On
x can be 1, 2 or 3
3.6.5 Logic
SIG Ia
Calculate residual
SIG Ib current:
3I0=Ia+Ib+Ic
SIG Ic
SIG AuxE.ROC1.En
3I0>[AuxE.ROC1.3I0_Set] &
& AuxE.ROC1.St
SIG AuxE.ROC1.Blk
AuxE.ROC1.On
En AuxE.ROC1.En
SIG AuxE.ROC2.En
3I0>[AuxE.ROC2.3I0_Set] &
& AuxE.ROC2.St
SIG AuxE.ROC2.Blk
AuxE.ROC2.On
En AuxE.ROC2.En
SIG AuxE.ROC3.En
3I0>[AuxE.ROC3.3I0_Set] &
& AuxE.ROC3.St
SIG AuxE.ROC3.Blk
AuxE.ROC3.On
En AuxE.ROC3.En
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC1.En
&
& AuxE.OC1.St
SIG AuxE.OC1.Blk
En AuxE.OC1.En AuxE.OC1.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC2.En
&
& AuxE.OC2.St
SIG AuxE.OC2.Blk
En AuxE.OC2.En AuxE.OC2.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC3.En
&
& AuxE.OC3.St
SIG AuxE.OC3.Blk
En AuxE.OC4.En AuxE.OC3.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.UVG.En
&
& AuxE.UVG.St
SIG AuxE.UVG.Blk
En AuxE.UVG.En
AuxE.UVG.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.UVS.En
&
& AuxE.UVS.St
SIG AuxE.UVS.Blk
En AuxE.UVS.En
AuxE.UVS.On
SIG AuxE.OCD.St_Ext
>=1
SIG AuxE.ROC1.St
>=1
SIG AuxE.ROC2.St
SIG AuxE.ROC3.St
SIG AuxE.OC1.St
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC2.St
SIG AuxE.OC3.St
>=1
SIG AuxE.UVD.St_Ext >=1 >=1 AuxE.St
>=1
SIG AuxE.UVG.St
SIG AuxE.ROV.St
3.6.6 Settings
Table 3.6-2 Settings of auxiliary element
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting of stage 1 phase current
9 AuxE.OC1.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling stage 1 phase
current auxiliary element
10 AuxE.OC1.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting of stage 2 phase current
11 AuxE.OC2.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling stage 2 phase
current auxiliary element
12 AuxE.OC2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting of stage 3 phase current
13 AuxE.OC3.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling stage 3 phase
current auxiliary element
14 AuxE.OC3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for voltage change
15 AuxE.UVD.U_Set 0~Un 0.001 V
auxiliary element
Drop-off time delay of voltage change
16 AuxE.UVD.t_DDO 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling voltage change
auxiliary element
17 AuxE.UVD.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for phase-to-ground
18 AuxE.UVG.U_Set 0~Un 0.001 V
under voltage auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling phase-to-ground
under voltage auxiliary element
19 AuxE.UVG.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for phase-to-phase
20 AuxE.UVS.U_Set 0~Unn 0.001 V
under voltage auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling phase-to-phase
under voltage auxiliary element
21 AuxE.UVS.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for residual voltage
22 AuxE.ROV.3U0_Set 0~Un 0.001 V
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling residual voltage
23 AuxE.ROV.En 0 or 1
auxiliary element
0: disable
1: enable
It is independent fast protection providing extremely fast speed to clear close up fault
especially on long line and thus improves system stability.
The pilot zone is for PUTT, POTT and blocking scheme. The forward direction element is for
sending signal for POTT and tripping upon receiving permissive signal for both PUTT and
POTT scheme. The forward direction element for blocking scheme is used to stop sending
blocking signal. The reverse direction element is only for POTT scheme with weak infeed
condition.
7. Load encroachment
It is used to prevent all distance elements from undesired trip due to load encroachment
under heavy load condition especially for long lines.
For power swing with external fault, distance protection is always blocked, but for power
swing with internal fault, PSBR will operate to release the blocking for distance protection.
For manual closing or automatic closing on to a fault, zone 2, 3 or 4 of distance protection will
accelerate to trip.
When VT circuit fails, VT circuit supervision logic will output a blocking signal to block all distance
protection except DPFC distance protection. The operating threshold will be increased to 1.5UN to
enhance stability.
Distance protection can select line VT or bus VT for protection algorithm by a setting
[VTS.En_LineVT]. When no VT is provided, logic setting [VTS.En_Out_VT] should be set as “1”,
all distance protection will be blocked automatically. The choice of impedance reach is as follow.
(only for reference)
The zone 1 impedance reach setting should be set to cover as much the protected line as possible
but not to respond faults beyond the protected line. The accuracy of the relay distance elements is
±2.5% in general applications, however, the error could be much larger due to errors of current
transformer, voltage transformer and inaccuracies of line parameter from which the relay settings
are calculated. It is recommended the zone 1 reach is set to 80%~85% of the protected line in
consideration the aforesaid errors and safety margin to prevent instantaneously tripping for faults
on adjacent lines. The remaining 20% of the protected line relies on the zone 2 distance elements.
With the pilot scheme distance protection, fast fault clearance could also be achieved for end zone
faults at both ends of the protected line.
The general rule for zone 2 impedance reach setting is set to cover the protected line plus 20% of
the adjacent line. However, the coverage of adjacent line should be extended in the presence of
additional infeed at the remote end of the protected line to ensure 20% coverage of adjacent line.
This assures the fast operation of zone 2 distance element for faults at the remote end of the
protected line since the fault is well within zone 2 reach. This is important for pilot protection as the
impedance reach of pilot zone is the same as that of zone 2 distance element. In a parallel line
situation, a fault cleared sequentially on a line may cause current reversal in the healthy line. If the
pilot zone settings are set to cover 50% of adjacent line and the POTT or Blocking scheme is used,
the current reversal in the healthy line could cause relay mal-operation. Therefore, current reversal
logic is required and explained in section 3.9.2.6.
For different system impedance ratio (SIR), the operating time of distance protection for different
fault location are shown as the following figures.
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
33
32.5
32
Operating Time (ms)
31.5
31
30.5
30
29.5
29
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
27.5
27
Operating Time (ms)
26.5
26
25.5
25
24.5
24
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
45
40
35
30
Operating Time (ms)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
35
30
Operating Time (ms)
25
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
33
32
31
Operating Time (ms)
30
29
28
27
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
27.5
27
26.5
Operating Time (ms)
26
25.5
25
24.5
24
23.5
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
As an independent fast protection, DPFC distance protection is mainly used to clear close up fault
of long line quickly, its protected range can set as 80%~85% of the whole line.
Since DPFC distance protection only reflects fault component and is not influenced by current
change due to load variation and power swing, power swing blocking (PSB) is this not required.
Moreover, there is no transient overreaching due to infeed current from the remote power supply
because it is not influenced by load current.
DPFC distance protection may not overreach, and its protected zone will be inverse-proportion
reduced with system impedance behind it, i.e. the protected zone will be less than setting if the
system impedance is greater. The protected zone will be close to setting value if the system
impedance is smaller. Therefore, DPFC distance protection is usually used for long transmission
line with large power source and it is recommended to disable DPFC distance protection for short
line or the line with weak power source.
Where:
Figure 3.7-13 shows the operation characteristic of DPFC distance protection on R-X plane when
a fault occurs in forward direction, which is the circle with the –Zs as the center and the│Zs+Zzd│ as
the radius. When measured impedance Zk is in the circle, DPFC distance protection will operate.
DPFC distance protection has a larger capability of enduring fault resistance than distance
protection using positive-sequence as polarized voltage.
ZZD
F M N
Z
EM EN
∆I
ZK
Z′S
jX
Z's
Zzd
Φ R
-Zk
Figure 3.7-14 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance element on R-X plane
when a fault occurs in reverse direction, which is the circle with the Z′S as the center and
the│Z′S-Zzd│as the radius. The region of operation is in the quadrant 1 but the measured
impedance -Zk is always in the quadrant 3, the DPFC distance protection will not operate.
The DPFC distance protection can be enabled or disabled by logic setting and binary input.
3.7.3.4 Logic
Note!
PD signal only blocks DPFC distance element of corresponding phase (i.e. broken phase),
and healthy phases (operation phases) are not affected.
3.7.3.5 Settings
When distance protection is used to protect long, heavily loaded lines, the risk of encroachment of
the load impedance into the tripping characteristic of the distance protection may exist. A load
trapezoid characteristic for all zones is used to exclude the risk of unwanted fault detection by the
distance protection during heavy load flow.
As shown below, if the measured impedance into the load area, distance elements need to be
blocked.
jX
φLoad φLoad
RLoad RLoad
Two settings are equipped to exclude the encroachment of the load impedance:
3.7.4.4 Settings
characteristic
0: disable
1: enable
ZZD
M F N
Z IN
EM EN
I
ZS ZK
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
-2ZS/3
Where:
ZS: total impedance between local system and protective device location
For zone 1, 2:
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
In short line, phase shift θ1 could be applied to the polarized voltage to improve the performance
against high resistance fault. The device provides an angle-shift setting, [21Mx.ZG.phi_Shift], to
set value of θ1 among 0°, 15° and 30°. Their impedance shift characteristics towards quadrant 1
are respectively shown as the impedance circle A, B and C in Figure 3.7-22. (x=1, 2)
For zone 3, 4, 5:
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
UPΦ uses phase positive-sequence voltage as polarized voltage. For earth fault, positive-sequence
voltage is mainly formed from healthy phases, basically retaining the phase of the
positive-sequence voltage before fault.
The operation characteristic is shown in Figure 3.7-17. Operation characteristic of ZK on R-X plane
is a circle with line connecting ends of ZZD and -2ZS/3 as the diameter. The origin is enclosed in the
circle.
For zone 1, 2:
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
Phase shift θ2 could be applied to polarized voltage of zones 1 and 2 just like θ1 in
phase-to-ground distance element. It is also used for improving performance against high
resistance fault in short line. The device provides an angle-shift setting, [21Mx.ZP.phi_Shift], to set
value of θ2 among 0°, 15° and 30°. Their impedance shift characteristics towards quadrant 1 are
respectively shown as the impedance circle A, B and C in Figure 3.7-22. (x=1, 2)
For zone 3, 4, 5:
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
Figure 3.7-19 shows operation characteristic of measured impedance -ZK on R-X plane when an
asymmetric reverse fault occurs. This characteristic is a circle with line connecting ends of ZZD and
Z'S as the diameter. It will operate only when -ZK is in the circle. Therefore, directionality of the
distanced protection is achieved.
ZZD
F M N
Z
EM EN
IΦ
ZK
Z′S
Z'S: total impedance between remote system and protective device location
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
Phase-to-phase distance protection is also used for three-phase short-circuit fault. The operation
characteristic is shown in Figure 3.7-20. Operation characteristic of ZK on R-X plane is a circle with
setting impedance ZZD as the diameter.
Where:
ZS: total impedance between local system and protective device location
As shown in Figure 3.7-21, the characteristic of the distance protection for a three-phase fault on a
system is an impedance circle cross the origin, and there is a voltage dead zone around the origin.
In order to eliminate the dead zone of the distance protection for a close up three-phase fault
memorized positive-sequence voltage is adopted as polarized voltage when the
positive-sequence voltage drops down to 15%Un or below.
The transient (during process of memory) operation characteristic is shown as the impedance
circle A in the above figure. The circle takes ZZD and -ZZS as diameter and thus the origin is within
the impedance circle. When three-phase fault happens in reverse direction, its transient
characteristic is shown in Figure 3.7-19, i.e. the distance protection has a clearly defined
directionality and no dead zone during the process of memory.
For phase-to-phase distance protection, if distance protection operates with memorized polarizing
voltage, this means a close up forward fault. When the memory fades out, the operation
characteristic will be reverse offset a little to enclose the origin as impedance circle B shown in
Figure 3.7-21 to ensure keeping operating of distance protection until the fault being cleared. If
distance protection does not operate with memorized polarizing voltage, it will be a close up
reverse fault. When the memory fades out, the operation characteristic will be forward offset not to
enclose the origin as impedance circle C shown in Figure 3.7-21, and the distance protection will
not mal-operate even if voltage is zero.
The distance protection with such design thoroughly eliminates the dead zone when three-phase
close up fault occurs. It also has favorable directivity and will not operate for a reverse three-phase
fault at busbar.
When receiving manual closing signal or 3-pole reclosing signal, the operation characteristic of
phase to phase distance protection will always shift in reverse direction. It is ensured to enclose
the origin of impedance and without dead zone for three-phase fault, i.e. the reverse shift
impedance circle B shown in Figure 3.7-21.
jX
B: 15° C: 30°
ZZD
A: 0°
D
-ZS
The impedance characteristic of phase-to-ground distance protection is the circle with line
connecting ends of ZZD and -2ZS/3 as the diameter and that of phase-to-phase distance is the
circle with line connecting ends of ZZD and -ZS/2 as the diameter.
In order to prevent the transient overreach caused by the infeed power supply from the remote
end, the zero-sequence reactance line D is added. These measures have enhanced the capacity
against fault resistance when using distance protection in short lines.
21M
21.En 21Mx.On
21.Blk 21Mx.Op
21Mx.ZG.En
21Mx.ZP.En
21Mx.ZG.Blk
21Mx.ZP.Blk
21Mx.En_ShortDly
21Mx.Blk_ShortDly
21M1.En_Instant
3.7.5.4 Logic
SIG 21M1.Rls_PSBR
SET 3I0>[FD.ROC.3I0_Set]
>=1
SIG Flag.21M1.ZP & 21M1.Flg_PSBR
SIG 21M1.En_Instant
Where:
21M1.Rls_PSBR: is the signal of power swing blocking releasing signal, please refer to Figure
3.7-36.
LoadEnch.St (PG) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-ground impedance into the load area.
LoadEnch.St (PP) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-phase impedance into the load area.
SIG 21.Enable
&
EN [21Mx.ZG.En]
& 21Mx.ZG.Enable
&
SIG 21Mx.ZG.En
&
SIG 21Mx.ZP.En
SIG 21Mx.ZP.Blk
&
SIG VTS.Alm >=1 21Mx.ZP.Enable
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
SIG 21Mx.Blk_ShortDly
&
EN [21Mx.En_ShortDly] 21Mx.Enable_ShortDly
SIG 21Mx.On
SET 3I0>[FD.ROC.3I0_Set]
Where:
x=2, 3, 4, 5
21Mx.Rls_PSBR: is the signal of power swing blocking releasing signal, please refer to Figure
3.7-36.
3.7.5.5 Settings
Features available with quadrilateral distance protection include 1 forward zone (zone 1)
phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase distance elements and 4 settable forward or reverse zones
(zone 2~5) phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase distance element. Each zone can respectively
enable or disable power swing blocking releasing. Quadrilateral distance protection will be
disabled when VT circuit fails.
jX
A ZZD
θ
B
α φ
φ
β R
O RZD
C
Where:
α: the angle of directional line in the second quadrant, set by the setting [21Q.Ang_Alpha]
Zone2, 3, 4, 5 can be set as reverse direction by the setting [21-x.DirMode] (x=2, 3, 4, 5). When a
fault occurs on the busbar at the back, reverse distance element is provided to clear it with definite
time delay and is used as backup protection for reverse busbar fault.
Where:
For quadrilateral distance protection, the reactance line should consider downward offset angle θ
as shown in Figure 3.7-26 and Figure 3.7-27. According to system status, the downward offset
angle can be independently set for phase-to-ground distance element and phase-to-phase
distance element. The downward offset angle of all zones can be settable by the corresponding
settings [21Qx.ZG.RCA] and [21Qx.ZP.RCA]. (x=1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Phase-to-ground distance
protection is controlled by the fault detector based on residual current.
3.7.6.4 Logic
SIG 21Q1.ZP.Enable
&
SIG LoadEnch.St (PP) & &
[21Q1.ZP.t_Op] 0 >=1
SIG Flag.21Q1.ZP 21Q1.ZP.Op
&
SIG 21Q1.En_Instant
Where:
21Q1. Rls_PSBR: is the signal of power swing blocking releasing signal, please refer to Figure
3.7-36.
LoadEnch.St (PG) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-ground impedance into the load area.
LoadEnch.St (PP) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-phase impedance into the load area.
SIG 21.Enable
&
EN [21Qx.ZG.En]
& 21Qx.ZG.Enable
&
SIG 21Qx.ZG.En
&
SIG 21Qx.ZP.En
SIG 21Qx.ZP.Blk
&
SIG VTS.Alm >=1 21Qx.ZP.Enable
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
SIG 21Qx.Blk_ShortDly
&
EN [21Qx.En_ShortDly] 21Qx.Enable_ShortDly
SIG 21Qx.On
SIG 21Qx.Enable_ShortDly
& [21Qx.ZG.t_Op] 0
SIG LoadEnch.St (PG)
SIG Flag.21Qx.ZG
>=1
SIG 21Qx.Rls_PSBR 21Qx.Flg_PSBR
Where:
x=2, 3, 4, 5
21Qx.Z.Rls_PSBR: is the signal of power swing blocking releasing signal, please refer to Figure
3.7-36.
3.7.6.5 Settings
(x=2, 3, 4, 5)
Enabling/disabling zone x of
phase-to-phase distance protection
18 21Qx.ZP.En 0 or 1 (x=1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-phase
zone x of distance protection operation
19 21Qx.ZP.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 to block AR (x=1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling fixed accelerate
zone x of distance protection (x=2, 3,
20 21Qx.En_ShortDly 0 or 1 4, 5)
0: disable
1: enable
An independent pilot zone distance protection is used for PUTT and POTT scheme. There is also
a reverse pilot distance element available as an option for application of POTT on weak power
source system.
The operation characteristic of pilot zone is same as that of zone 2, including mho and
quadrilateral characteristic.
When an internal fault occurs, distance protection at weak source end may not operate due to
small fault current. Thus, a reverse distance element is provided to coordinate with the
independent pilot distance protection to implement weak infeed logic, ensure pilot distance
protection can operate to send signal or trip in the weak end. The operation characteristic is shown
in Figure 3.7-32. The reverse weak infeed distance element is forward offset with 1/4 of the
reverse setting to enclose the origin.
Operation characteristics of pilot reverse weak infeed element distance are shown as below.
jX
jX
B
β 21Q.Pilot.Z_Rev/4
21M.Pilot.Z_Rev/4
21Q.Pilot.R_Rev
Φ
o R
α
R φ φ
C
θ
21M.Pilot.Z_Rev 21Q.Pilot.Z_Rev
A
Where:
3.7.7.2 Logic
Where:
LoadEnch.St (PG) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-ground impedance into the load area.
LoadEnch.St (PP) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-phase impedance into the load area.
3.7.7.3 Settings
68
68.En 68.St
68.Blk
3.7.8.3 Logic
Y: 21M or 21Q
3.7.8.4 Settings
Power swing blocking for distance element will be released if any of the following PSBR elements
operates. Each distance zone elements has respective setting for selection this function.
If any of the following condition is matched, FD PSBR will operate for 160ms.
Positive sequence current is lower than the setting [I_PSBR] before general fault detector element
operates.
As shown in figure below, assuming that normal load impedance locates at position 1 and the
impedance locates at position 2 when positive-sequence current is lower than the setting
[I_PSBR], it means FD operates between point 1 and point 2 if operation condition for FD PSBR
mentioned above is fulfilled (point 3 as an example), and then FD PSBR will operate for 160ms.
I0+I2>m×I1
The “m”, an empirical value, is internal fixed coefficient which can ensure UF PSBR operation
during power swing with internal unsymmetrical fault, while no operation during power swing or
power swing with external fault.
In case of power swing or both power swing and external fault, asymmetric fault discriminating
element will not operate and distance protection will be blocked:
In case of power swing but no fault, I0 and I2 are near zero, but I1 is very large. Asymmetric fault
discriminating element will not operate.
In case of both power swing and external fault, if center of power swing is in scope of protection,
both phase-to-phase and grounding impedance relays may operate. At this time, selection of
value of m is used to ensure no operation of asymmetric fault discriminating element, blocking of
distance protection, and no incorrect operation without selectivity. If power swing center is not on
this line, distance protection will not operate incorrectly without selectivity due to power swing.
In case of internal asymmetric fault, asymmetric fault discriminating element operates and
distance protection will be release to clear internal fault:
In case of both power swing and internal fault, if at the instant of short circuit, system electric
potential angle is not laid out, asymmetric fault discriminating element will operate at once. If at the
instant of short circuit, system electric potential angle is laid out, asymmetric fault discriminating
element will operate when system angle gradually decreases, or local side tripping may be
activated after immediate operation of opposite side asymmetric fault discriminating element and
releasing of distance protection tripping. In case of normal internal asymmetric phase-to-phase or
grounding fault in the system, relatively large zero-sequence or negative-sequence component will
exist. At this time, the above equation is true and distance protection will be released.
If a three-phase fault occurs and FD PSBR is invalid (160ms after FD operates), neither FD PSBR
nor UF PSBR will be able to release the distance protection. Thus, SF PSBR is provided for this
case specially. This detection is based on measuring the voltage at power swing center, during
power swing, U1cosΦ will constantly change periodically.
UOS=U1×COSΦ
Where:
As shown in the figure below, assume system connection impedance angle of 90°, current vector
will be perpendicular to the line connecting EM and EN, and have the same phase as power swing
center voltage. During normal operation of system or power swing, U1cosΦ just reflects
positive-sequence voltage of power swing center. In case of 3-phase short circuit, U1cosΦ is
voltage drop on arc resistor, transition resistance is arc resistance, and voltage drop on arc resistor
is less than 5%UN. In actual system, line impedance angle is not 90°. Through compensation of
angle Φ, power swing center voltage can be measured accurately. After compensation, power
swing center voltage is U1cos(Φ+90o-ΦL), where ΦL is line impedance angle.
During power swing, power swing center voltage U1cosΦ has the following characteristics: When
electric potential phase angle difference between power supplies at two sides is 180o, U1cosΦ=0
and change rate dU1cosΦ/dt is the maximum. When this phase angle difference is near 0o, power
swing center voltage change rate dU1cosΦ/dt is the minimum. During short circuit, U1cosΦ
remains unchanged and dU1cosΦ/dt=0. However, in early stage of short circuit when normal state
enters short circuit state, dU1cosΦ/dt is very large. Therefore, use of dU1cosΦ/dt solely to
differentiate power swing and short circuit is not complete.
For these reasons, the method to release distance protection on condition that power swing center
voltage U1cosΦ is less than a setting and after a short delay can be used as symmetric fault
discriminating element. This element can accurately differentiate power swing and 3-phase short
circuit fault, and constitute a complete power swing blocking scheme with other elements. The
element to open distance protection if U1cosΦ is less than a certain setting and after a delay is
easy to realize and has short delay, and can trip fault more quickly and accurately trip 3-phase
short circuit fault during power swing.
The second criterion is a backup of the first criterion allowing longer monitoring period of voltage
variation.
To reduce the time delay for SF PSBR element during power swing, the change rate of voltage at
power swing center is also used which can release SF PSBR element quickly for the fault occurred
during power swing. The typical release time is less than 60ms.
21Mx
21Mx.En_PSBR 21Mx.Rls_PSBR
21Mx.Blk_PSBR 21M.Pilot.Rls_PSBR
21M.Pilot.En_PSBR
21M.Pilot.Blk_PSBR
21Qx
21Qx.En_PSBR 21Qx.Rls_PSBR
21Qx.Blk_PSBR 21Q.Pilot.Rls_PSBR
21Q.Pilot.En_PSBR
21Q.Pilot.Blk_PSBR
3.7.9.3 Logic
SIG 21Mx.Flg_PSBR
&
SIG Symmetrical |U1cosΦ|< t 0ms Unblocking for SF >=1 21Mx.Rls_PSBR
>=1
&
SIG Unsymmetrical |I0|+|I2|>
Unblocking for UF
SIG 21Mx.Flg_PSBR
SIG 21Qx.Flg_PSBR
&
SIG Symmetrical |U1cosΦ|< t 0ms Unblocking for SF >=1 21Qx.Rls_PSBR
>=1
&
SIG Unsymmetrical |I0|+|I2|>
Unblocking for UF
SIG 21Qx.Flg_PSBR
SIG 21M.Pilot.Flg_PSBR
&
SIG Symmetrical |U1cosΦ|< t 0ms Unblocking for SF >=1 21M.Pilot.Rls_PSBR
>=1
&
SIG Unsymmetrical |I0|+|I2|>
Unblocking for UF
SIG 21M.Pilot.Flg_PSBR
SIG 21Q.Pilot.Flg_PSBR
&
SIG Symmetrical |U1cosΦ|< t 0ms Unblocking for SF >=1 21Q.Pilot.Rls_PSBR
>=1
&
SIG Unsymmetrical |I0|+|I2|>
Unblocking for UF
SIG 21Q.Pilot.Flg_PSBR
Where:
x: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
21M.Pilot.Flg_PSBR and 21Q.Pilot.Flg_PSBR: Please refer to Figure 3.7-33 and Figure 3.7-34
3.7.9.4 Settings
characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 5 of distance
protection controlled by PSBR (Mho
9 21M5.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 5 of distance
protection controlled by PSBR (Quad
10 21Q5.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling pilot distance
zone controlled by PSBR (Mho
11 21M.Pilot.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling pilot distance
zone controlled by PSBR (Quad
12 21Q.Pilot.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting for power swing
13 21M.I_PSBR (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
blocking (Mho characteristic)
Current setting for power swing
14 21Q.I_PSBR (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
blocking (Quad characteristic)
The SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a complementary function to the distance protection.
With distance SOTF protection, a fast trip is achieved for a fault on the whole line, when the line is
being energized. It shall be responsive to all types of faults anywhere within the protected line.
3.7.10.3 Logic
Distance SOTF protection can be enabled or disabled, and can be initiated by several cases,
including manual closing signal, 3-pole reclosing, 1-pole reclosing and pole discrepancy
conditions.
SIG CB1.52b_PhA
>=1
SIG CB1.52b_PhB
SIG CB1.52b_PhC
&
SIG FD.Pkp
EN [SOTF.Opt_Mode_ManCls]=CBPos
EN [SOTF.Opt_Mode_ManCls]=ManClsBI
& >=1
SIG FD.Pkp 0 400ms Manual closing signal
SIG ManCls
SIG Uc<[SOTF.U_Ddl]
SIG Ia<0.06In
&
SIG Ib<0.06In
SIG Ic<0.06In
For double circuit breakers mode, the phase's open status corresponding to the line is invalid
unless both circuit breakers are in open position.
BI [CB1.52b_PhA] &
BI [CB2.52b_PhA]
BI [CB2.52b_PhB]
BI [CB1.52b_PhC] &
BI [CB2.52b_PhC]
&
SIG FD.Pkp
EN [SOTF.Opt_Mode_ManCls]=CBPos
EN [SOTF.Opt_Mode_ManCls]=ManClsBI
& >=1
SIG FD.Pkp 0 400ms Manual closing signal
SIG ManCls
SIG Uc<[SOTF.U_Ddl]
SIG Ia<0.06In
&
SIG Ib<0.06In
SIG Ic<0.06In
For accelerated tripping mode by manual closing signal, manual closing signal can be from circuit
breaker position, external binary signal of manual closing or dead line check.
When the circuit breaker is in open position while the device does not pick up, or external manual
closing binary input is energized, then manual closing signal will be kept for 400ms, which will
enable SOTF logic.
When the initiation mode of SOTF protection is set as “AutoInit” (i.e., [SOTF.Opt_Mode_ManCls] is
set as “AutoInit”), distance SOTF protection will be initiated by dead line check. When three
phases currents are all smaller than 0.06In and no fault detector element operates, SOTF logic will
be enabled only for 400ms with the time delay [SOTF.t_Ddl] if three phase voltages are all smaller
than the setting [SOTF.U_Ddl].
SIG FD.Pkp
&
& [21SOTF.t_ManCls] 0 21SOTF.Op_ManCls
EN [21SOTF.En_ManCls]
EN [21SOTF.Z2.En_ManCls] &
SIG 21M(21Q)2.Flg_PSBR
SIG 21M(21Q)3.Flg_PSBR
EN [21SOTF.Z4.En_ManCls] &
SIG 21M(21Q)4.Flg_PSBR
Figure 3.7-40 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by manual closing signal
For single-phase permanent fault, distance SOTF protection for 1-pole reclosing onto the faulty
phase will trip three-phase circuit breaker.
Under pole discrepancy condition after single-phase tripping, distance SOTF protection will
accelerate to operate if another fault happens to the healthy phase.
3.7.10.4 Settings
3-pole reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 3 of
distance SOTF protection for
6 21SOTF.Z3.En_3PAR 0 or 1 3-pole reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 4 of
distance SOTF protection for
7 21SOTF.Z4.En_3PAR 0 or 1 3-pole reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 2
controlled by PSB of distance
SOTF protection for 3-pole
8 21SOTF.Z2.En_PSBR 0 or 1
reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 3
controlled by PSB of distance
SOTF protection for 3-pole
9 21SOTF.Z3.En_PSBR 0 or 1
reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 4
controlled by PSB of distance
SOTF protection for 3-pole
10 21SOTF.Z4.En_PSBR 0 or 1
reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling distance SOTF
protection under pole discrepancy
11 21SOTF.En_PDF 0 or 1 conditions
1: enable
0: disable
Time delay of distance protection
12 21SOTF.t_PDF 0.000~10.000 0.001 s operating under pole discrepancy
conditions
Undervoltage setting of deadline
13 SOTF.U_Ddl 0~Unn 0.001 V
detection
14 SOTF.t_Ddl 0.000~600.000 0.001 s Time delay of deadline detection
ManClsBI Option of manual SOTF mode
15 SOTF.Opt_Mode_ManCls
CBPos ManClsBI: initiated by input signal
The last four digital bits of the 12 have been assigned for pilot scheme protection. The
communication channel can be configured as single channel mode or as dual channels mode.
(FOx, x can be 1 or 2) according to the optical pilot channel module selected.
The modules can communicate in two modes via multiplexer or dedicated optical fibre.
Communication through dedicated fibre is usually recommended unless the received power does
not meet with the requirement.
Channel of 64kbits/s or 2048kbits/s via dedicated fibre is shown in Figure 3.8-1 and Figure 3.8-2.
Two fibre cores of optical cable are dedicated to pilot scheme protection.
Two fibre cores of optical cable are normally in service, and all data are exchanged via the other
healthy core if one core is failed.
TX RX
PCS-902 PCS-902
RX TX
ST connectors ST connectors
TX RX
PCS-902 PCS-902
RX TX
FC connectors FC connectors
Figure 3.8-2 Direct optical link up to 40km with 1310nm or up to 100km with 1550nm
Channel of 64kbits/s or 2048kbits/s via multiplexer is shown in Figure 3.8-3, Figure 3.8-4 and
Figure 3.8-5.
Valid messages exchange is key factor for digital pilot scheme protection.
The device transmits and receives messages based on respective clocks, which are called
transmit clock (i.e. clock TX) and receive clock (i.e. clock RX) respectively. Clock RX is fixed to be
extracted from message frame, which can ensure no slip frame and no error message received.
Clock TX has two options:
1. Use internal crystal clock, which is called internal clock. (master clock)
Depend on the clock used by the device at both ends, there are three modes.
1. Master-master mode
2. Slave-slave mode
3. Master-slave mode
One of them uses internal clock, the other uses external clock
The logic setting [FOx.En_IntClock] is used in pilot scheme protection to select the communication
clock. The internal clock is enabled automatically when the logic setting [FOx.En_IntClock] is set
as “1”. Contrarily, the external clock is enabled automatically when the logic setting
[FOx.En_IntClock] is set to “0”.
If the device uses multiplex PCM channel, logic setting [FOx.En_IntClock] at both ends should be
set as “0” (Mode 2). If the device uses dedicated optical fibre channel, clock Mode 1 and Mode 3
can be used. Mode 1 is recommended in considering simplification to user, i.e. logic setting
[FOx.En_IntClock] at both ends should be set as “1”.
In order to ensure reliability of the device when digital communication channel is applied, settings
[FO.LocID] and [FO.RmtID] are provided as identity code to distinguish uniquely the device at
remote end using same channel.
Under normal conditions, the identity code of the device at local end should be different with that at
remote end. In addition, it is recommended that the identity code of all devices, i.e., the setting
[FO.LocID], should be unique in the power grid. The setting range is from 0 to 65535. Only for loop
test, they are set as the same.
The setting [FO.LocID] of the device at an end should be the same as the setting [FO.RmtID] of
the device at opposite end and the greater [FO.LocID] between the two ends is chosen as a
master end for sampling synchronism, the smaller [FO.LocID] is slave end. If the setting [FO.LocID]
is set the same as [FO.RmtID], that implies the device in loopback testing state.
The setting [FO.LocID] is packaged in the message frame and transmitted to the remote end.
When the [FO.LocID] of the device at remote end received by local device is same to the setting
[FO.RmtID] of local device, the message received from the remote end is valid, and protection
information involved in message is read. When these settings are not matched, the message is
considered as invalid and protection information involved in message is ignored, corresponding
alarms will be issued.
The device has the function of on-line channel monitoring and channel statistics. It can produce
channel statistic report automatically at 9:00 every day and the report can be printed for operator
to check the channel quality. The monitoring contents of channel status are shown as follows, and
they can be viewed by the menu “Main Menu→Test→Prot Ch Counter→Chx Counter”.
It shows the starting time of the channel status statistics of the device at local end.
It shows the calculated communication channel time delay of the device at local end now (unit: us).
The calculation is based on the assumption of same channel path for to and from remote end. The
device measures propagation delay of communication channel based on the below principle.
Side S transmits a frame of message to side M, and meanwhile records the transmitting time “tss”
on the basis of clock on side S. When side M receives the message, it will record receiving time
“tmr” of the message with its own clock, and return a frame of message to side S at next fixed
transmitting time, meanwhile data of “tms-tmr” is included in the frame of message. Side S will
receive the message from side M at the time “tsr” and obtain the data of “tms-tmr”.
Therefore, the propagation delay of the channel “Td” is obtained through calculation:
(t sr t ss ) (t ms t mr )
Td
2
By using the above calculated “Td”, the device automatically compensate time synchronization of
sampling data at each end and transimission time lag.
It shows the total number of the error frames of the device at local end from starting time of
channel statistics until now. Error frame means that this frame fails in CRC check.
It shows the total number of abnormal messages of the device at local end from starting time of
channel statistics until now.
It shows the total number of the lost frames of the device at local end from starting time of channel
statistics until now.
7. FOx.N_RmtAbnor (total number of abnormal messages from the remote end of channel x)
It shows the total number of abnormal messages received from the remote end from starting time
of channel statistics until now.
It shows the total number of serious error frame seconds of the device at local end from starting
time of the channel statistics until now.
It shows the total number of loss synchronous of the device at local end from starting time of the
channel statistics until now.
FOx
FOx.En FOx.On
FOx.Send1 FOx.Recv1
FOx.Send2 FOx.Recv2
FOx.Send3 FOx.Recv3
FOx.Send4 FOx.Recv4
FOx.Send5 FOx.Recv5
FOx.Send6 FOx.Recv6
FOx.Send7 FOx.Recv7
FOx.Send8 FOx.Recv8
FOx.Send9 FOx.Recv9
FOx.Send10 FOx.Recv10
FOx.Send11 FOx.Recv11
FOx.Send12 FOx.Recv12
FOx.Alm
FOx.Alm_ID
3.8.5 Logic
SIG FOx.Alm_ID
Where:
n can be 1~12
3.8.6 Settings
Table 3.8-2 Settings of pilot channel
overreaching mode or underreaching mode according to the setting of distance element and
scheme selected, furthermore, it will provide the unblocking scheme as auxiliary function. For
overreaching mode, current reversal logic and weak infeed logic are available for parallel line
operation and weak power source situation respectively.
Pilot distance protection with permissive scheme receives permissive signal from the remote end,
so as to combine with local discrimination condition to accelerate tripping, so it has high security.
Blocking scheme will operate with a short time delay [85.t_DPU_Blocking1] if forward pilot zone
element operates and not receiving blocking signal before the short time delay expired.
Pilot distance protection can be enabled or disabled by input signals, logic setting and blocking
signal, as shown in Figure 3.9-1.
SIG 85-x.Z.En1
&
SIG 85-x.Z.En2
EN [85.Z.En]
&
85-x.Z.On
SIG 85-x.Z.Blk
Pilot distance protection receives and sends signals via pilot channel, and the logic of receiving
signal is shown in Figure 3.9-2.
When pilot scheme protection is out of service due to pilot channel failure or no pilot scheme
protection is provided. The fault outside zone 1 only can be cleared by zone 2 with a time delay. It
can not ensure that all faults within protected line are cleared instantaneously. As a supplement of
pilot scheme protection, zone extension can clear the fault within the whole line instantaneously.
Different with pilot distance protection, zone extension can also operate for external close up fault
in parallel line, but power supply can be restored by AR. So zone extension should be blocked
when AR is out of service and is not ready.
In order to prevent too many lines from disconnecting with system due to zone extension operate
when the circuit breaker is closed into permanent fault, zone extension should be blocked when
AR operates. For temporary fault, the line can be into service again after AR operates successfully.
For permanent fault in either local line or parallel line, distance protection with a time delay will
operate.
SIG 85-x.ZX.Blk2
&
SIG 79.Ready & [85.t_DPU_ZX] 0ms 85-x.Op_ZX
SIG Zpilot
Zone extension uses the setting of pilot zone (ZPilot), and its operation characteristic can be Mho
or Quad.
Distance elements zone 1 (Z1) with underreaching setting and pilot zone (ZPilot) with
overreaching setting are used for this scheme. Z1 element will send permissive signal to the
remote end and release tripping after Z1 time delay expired. After receiving permissive signal with
ZPilot element pickup, a tripping signal will be released.
The signal transmission element for PUTT is set according to underreaching mode, so current
reversal need not be considered.
For PUTT, there may be a dead zone under weak power source condition. If the fault occurs
outside Z1 zone at strong power source side, Z1 at weak power supply side may not operate to trip
and transmit permissive signal, and pilot distance protection will not operate. Therefore, the
system fault can only be removed by Z2 at strong power source side with time delay.
Pilot distance protection always adopts pilot channel 1, and the logic of PUTT is shown in Figure
3.9-5.
SIG 85-x.Valid_Recv1
SIG ZPilot
ZPilot will send permissive signal to remote end once it picks up and release tripping signal upon
receiving permissive signal from the remote end.
When POTT is applied on parallel lines arrangement and the ZPilot setting covers 50% of the
parallel line, there may be a problem under current reversal condition, settings for current reversal
condition should be considered, please refer to section 3.9.2.6 for details.
Under weak power source condition, the problem of dead zone at weak power source end is
eliminated by the weak infeed logic, please refers to section 3.9.2.7 for details.
& >=1
SIG CB open position &
200ms 0ms
&
85-x.Send1
SIG 85-x.Valid_Recv1 &
SIG ZPilot &
&
>=1 t1 t2
SIG 85-x.Z.On
SIG WI
&
& 85-x.Op_Z
SIG FD.Pkp 8ms 0ms
SET [85.Opt_PilotMode]=POTT
Where:
3.9.2.4 Blocking
Permissive scheme has high security, but it relies on pilot channel seriously. Pilot distance
protection will not operate when there is an internal fault with abnormal channel. Blocking scheme
Blocking scheme takes use of pilot distance element Zpilot operation to terminate sending of
blocking signal. Blocking signal will be sent once fault detector picks up without pilot zone Zpilot
operation. Pilot distance protection will operate with a short time delay if pilot distance element
operates and not receiving blocking signal after timer expired.
The setting of pilot zone element Zpilot in Blocking scheme is overreaching, so current reversal
condition should be considered. However, the short time delay of pilot distance protection has an
enough margin for current reversal, that this problem has been resolved.
The short time delay must consider channel delay and with a certain margin to set. As shown in
Figure 3.9-8, an external fault happens to line MN. The fault is behind the device at M side, for
blocking scheme, the device at M side will send blocking signal to the device at N side. If channel
delay is too long, the device at side N has operated before receiving blocking signal. Hence, the
time delay of pilot distance protection adopted in blocking scheme should be set according to
channel delay.
Blocking signal
M N
EM Fault A B EN
For blocking scheme, pilot distance protection will operate when there is an internal fault with
abnormal channel, however, it is possible that pilot distance protection issue an undesired trip
when there is an external fault with abnormal channel.
ZPilot
Zpilot_Rev
M
EM A Fault B EN
N
Zpilot_Rev
ZPilot
Relay A Relay B
FD.Pkp & & FD.Pkp
Current reversal logic is only used for permissive scheme. For blocking scheme, the time delay of
pilot distance protection has enough margin for current reversal, so current reversal need not be
considered.
3.9.2.5 Unblocking
Permissive scheme will trip only when it receives permissive signal from the remote end. However,
it may not receive permissive signal from the remote end when pilot channel fails. For this case,
pilot distance protection can adopt unblocking scheme. Under normal conditions, the signaling
equipment works in the pilot frequency, and when the device operates to send permissive signal,
the signaling equipment will be switched to high frequency. While pilot channel is blocked, the
signaling equipment will receive neither pilot frequency signal nor high frequency signal. The
signaling equipment will provide a contact to the device as unblocking signal. When the device
receives unblocking signal from the signaling equipment, it will recognize channel failure, and
unblocking signal will be taken as permissive signal temporarily.
The unblocking function can only be used together with PUTT and POTT.
When there is a fault in one of the parallel lines, the direction of the fault current may change
during the sequence tripping of the circuit breaker at both ends as shown in Figure 3.9-12: When a
fault occurs on line C–D near breaker D, the fault current through line A-B to D will flow from A to B.
When breaker D is tripped, but breaker C is not tripped, the fault current in line A-B will then flow
from B to A. This process is the current reversal.
M N M N
Strong Weak
A B A B
source source
EM EN EM EN
C D C D
As shown above, the device A judges a forward fault while the device B judges a reverse fault
before break D is tripped. However, the device A judges a reverse fault while the device B judges a
forward fault after breaker D is tripped. There is a competition between pickup and drop off of pilot
zones in the device A and the device B when the fault measured by the device A changes from
forward direction into reverse direction and vice versa for the device B. There may be
maloperation for the device in line A-B if the forward direction of the device B has operated but the
forward direction of the device A drops off slightly slower or the forward direction of the device B
has operated but the forward direction information of the device A is still received due to the
channel delay (the permissive signal is received).
In general, the following two methods shall be adopted to solve the problem of current reversal:
1. The fault shall be measured by means of the reverse element of the device B. Once the
reverse element of the device B operates, the send signals and the tripping circuit will be
blocked for a period of time after a short time delay. This method can effectively solve the
problem of competition between the device A and the device B, but there shall be a
precondition. The reverse element of the device B must be in cooperation with the forward
element of the device A, i.e. in case of a fault in adjacent lines, if the forward element of the
device A operates, and the reverse element of the device B must also operate. Once the
bilateral cooperation fails, the anticipated function cannot be achieved. In addition, the
blocking time for sending signals and the tripping circuit after the reverse element of the
device B operates shall be set in combination with the channel time delay.
2. Considering the pickup and drop off time difference of distance elements and the channel time
delay between the device A and the device B, the maloperation due to current reversal shall
be eliminated by setting the time delay. The reverse direction element of the device is not
required for this method, the channel time delay and the tripping time of adjacent breaker
shall be taken into account comprehensively.
This protection device adopts the second method to eliminate the maloperation due to current
reversal.
t1: [85.t_DPU_CR1]
t2: [85.t_DDO_CR1]
Referring to above figure, when signal from the remote end is received without pilot forward zone
pickup, the current reversal blocking logic is enabled after t1 delay.
The time delay of t1 [85.t_DPU_CR1] shall be set the shortest possible but allowing sufficient time
for pilot forward zone pickup, generally set as 25ms.
Once the current reversal logic is enabled, the healthy line device B transfer tripping is blocked.
The logic will be disabled by either the dropoff of signal or the pickup of pilot forward zone. A time
delay t2 [85.t_DDO_CR1] is required to avoid maloperation for the case that the pilot forward zone
(or forward element of pilot directional earth-fault protection) of device B picks up before the signal
from device A drops off. Considering the channel propagation delay and the pickup and drop-off
time difference of pilot forward zone (or pilot directional earth-fault element) with margin, t2 is
generally set between 25ms~40ms.
Because the time delay of pilot distance protection has an enough margin to current reversal,
current reversal blocking only used for permissive scheme not blocking scheme.
In case of a fault in line at one end of which there is a weak power source, the fault current
supplied to the fault point from the weak power source is very small or even nil, and the
conventional distance element could not operate. The weak infeed logic combines the protection
information from the strong power source end and the electric feature of the local end to cope with
the case.
The weak infeed logic can be only applied for BOTT and POTT. The weak infeed logic has options
for echo or both echo and tripping.
ZPilot
Z1 Zpilot_Rev
M
EM A Fault B EN
Z1 N
Zpilot_Rev
ZPilot
Load
When the weak infeed logic is enabled, distance forward and reverse element and direction
element of directional earth-fault protection do not operate with the voltage lower than the setting
[85.U_UV_WI] after the device picks up, upon receiving signal from remote end, the weak infeed
logic will echo the signal back to remote end for 200ms if the weak infeed echo is enabled, the
weak infeed end will echo signal and release tripping according to the logic.
ZPilot_Rev at weak source end must coordinate with ZPilot_Set of the remote end. The coverage
of ZPilot_Rev must exceed that of ZPilot_Set of the remote end. ZPilot_Rev only activates in the
protection calculation when the weak infeed logic is enabled. In case of the weak infeed logic not
enabled, the setting coordination is not required.
If the device does not pick up, and the weak infeed logic is enabled, upon receiving signal from
remote end with the voltage lower than the setting [85.U_UV_WI], the weak infeed logic will echo
back to remote end for 200ms. When either weak infeed echo or weak infeed tripping is enabled,
then the weak infeed logic is deemed to be enabled. During the device picking up, the weak infeed
logic is shown in Figure 3.9-15.
SIG FD.Pkp
SIG 85-x.Valid_Recv1
EN [85.En_WI]
SET Upp<[85.U_UV_WI]
If the device does not pick up, the weak infeed logic is shown as the following figure:
For permissive scheme, the signal receive condition means that the permissive signal is received
or the unblocking signal is valid.
3.9.2.8 CB Echo
A feature is also provided which enables fast tripping to be maintained along the whole length of
the protected line, even when one terminal is open. The device will initiate sending a pulse of
200ms permissive signal when signal receive condition is met during CB is in open position.
CB Echo logic is only applied to permissive overreach mode not underreach mode, and it is
processed without the device pickup. This logic will be terminated immediately once the device
picks up.
3.9.5 Settings
Table 3.9-2 Settings of pilot distance protection
Pilot protection requires communication channel to exchange the protection information at both
ends. The channel may be dedicated or multiplexed channel through optical fiber or any other
communication media.
Pilot directional earth-fault protection can be used independently, for example, no distance
protection is equipped with the device but fast operation is required for the whole line, or it is used
as backup protection of pilot distance protection to enhance the sensitivity for an earth fault with
high fault resistance.
Pilot directional earth-fault protection can be enabled or disabled by input signals, logic setting and
blocking signal, as shown in Figure 3.10-1.
SIG 85-x.DEF.En1
&
SIG 85-x.DEF.En2
EN [85.DEF.En]
&
85-x.DEF.On
SIG 85-x.DEF.Blk
Pilot directional earth-fault protection comprises permissive scheme and blocking scheme. It can
share pilot channel 1 ([85.DEF.En_IndepCh]=0) with pilot distance protection, or uses independent
pilot channel 2 ([85.DEF.En_IndepCh]=1) by setting logic setting [85.DEF.En_IndepCh]. For
underreach mode, pilot directional earth-fault always adopts independent pilot channel 2. The
logic of receiving signal is shown in Figure 3.10-2.
&
SIG 85-x.Abnor_Ch1
SIG 85-x.Abnor_Ch2
Pilot protection with permissive scheme receives permissive signal from the device of remote end,
so as to combine with local discrimination condition to accelerate tripping, so it has high security.
Operation of forward directional earth fault element is used to send permissive signal to the
remote end when the protection is enabled and will release tripping signal upon receiving
permissive signal from the remote end with further guarded by no operation of reverse directional
earth fault element. This ensures the security of the protection.
Relay A
85-x.FwdDir_DEF_Pilot & &
[85.DEF.t_DPU] 85-x.Op_DEF 85-x.Op_DEF [85.DEF.t_DPU]
85-x.FwdDir_DEF_Pilot
Relay B
For blocking scheme, pilot directional earth-fault protection will operate when there is an internal
fault with abnormal channel, however, it is possible that pilot directional earth-fault protection issue
an undesired trip when there is an external fault with abnormal channel.
& >=1
SIG CB open position &
200ms 0ms
SIG 85-x.Valid_Recv_DEF
&
SIG FD.Pkp 85-x.Send_DEF
SIG 85-x.RevDir_DEF_Pilot
&
&
SIG 85-x.Valid_Recv_DEF t1 t2
&
SIG FD.Pkp
&
SIG 85-x.DEF.On & 85-x.Op_DEF
[85.DEF.t_DPU] >=1
&
EN [85.DEF.En_IndepCh]
When sharing pilot channel 1 with pilot distance protection, t1 and t2 are the settings
[85.t_DPU_CR1] and [85.t_DDO_CR1] respectively.
3.10.2.2 Blocking
Permissive scheme has high security, but it relies on pilot channel seriously. Pilot directional
earth-fault protection will not operate when there is an internal fault with abnormal channel.
Blocking scheme could be considered as an alternative.
Blocking scheme sends blocking signal when fault detector picks up and zero-sequence forward
element does not operate or both zero-sequence forward element and zero-sequence reverse
element do not operate. Pilot directional earth-fault protection will operate if forward directional
zero-sequence overcurrent element operates and not receiving blocking signal.
85-x.FwdDir_DEF_Pilot
85-x.RevDir_DEF_Pilot
M
EM A Fault B EN
N
85-x.RevDir_DEF_Pilot
85-x.FwdDir_DEF_Pilot
SIG 85-x.Valid_Recv_DEF
&
SIG FD.Pkp [85.DEF.t_DPU] 85-x.Op_DEF
SIG 85-x.DEF.On
When DEF shares pilot channel 1 with pilot distance protection, time delay of pilot directional
earth-fault protection will change from the setting [85.DEF.t_DPU] to the setting
[85.t_DPU_Blocking1].
Because the time delay of pilot directional earth-fault protection has enough margin for current
reversal, so blocking scheme should not consider the current reversal condition.
3.10.2.3 Unblocking
Permissive scheme will operate only when it receives permissive signal from the remote end.
However, it may not receive permissive signal from the remote end when pilot channel fails. For
this case, pilot directional earth-fault protection can adopt unblocking scheme. Under normal
conditions, the signaling equipment works in the pilot frequency, and when the device operates to
send permissive signal, the signaling equipment will be switched to high frequency. While the
channel is blocked, the signaling equipment will receive neither pilot frequency signal nor high
frequency signal. The signaling equipment will provide a contact to the device as unblocking signal.
When the device receives unblocking signal from the signaling equipment, it will recognize
channel failure, and unblocking signal will be taken as permissive signal temporarily.
The unblocking scheme can only be used together with permissive scheme.
The reach of directional earth-fault protection is difficult to define. There may have problem for
pilot direction earth-fault protection applied on parallel line arrangement due to current reversal
phenomenon. Current reversal blocking logic using time delay method is adopted in the device. It
is the same logic as pilot distance protection. Please refer to section 3.9.2.6 for details. The only
difference is that different signal receive terminal is used if independent channel is selected.
3.10.2.5 CB Echo
It is the same logic as pilot distance protection. Please refer to section 3.9.2.8 for details. The only
difference is that different signal receive terminal is used if independent channel is selected.
85
85-x.DEF.En1 85-x.DEF.On
85-x.DEF.En2 85-x.Op_DEF
85-x.DEF.Blk 85-x.DEF_BlkAR
85-x.Abnor_Ch1 85-x.Send1
85-x.Abnor_Ch2 85-x.Send2
85-x.Rcv1
85-x.Rcv2
85-x.ExTrp
85-x.Unblocking1
85-x.Unblocking2
Input signal of receiving permissive signal via channel 1 for pilot directional
6 85-x.Recv1
earth-fault protection x (x=1 or 2)
Input signal of receiving permissive signal via channel 2 for pilot directional
7 85-x.Recv2
earth-fault protection x (x=1 or 2)
Input signal of initiating sending permissive signal from external tripping signal
8 85-x.ExTrp
(x=1 or 2)
9 85-x.Unblocking1 Unblocking signal 1 for pilot directional earth-fault protection x (x=1 or 2)
10 85-x.Unblocking2 Unblocking signal 2 for pilot directional earth-fault protection x (x=1 or 2)
No. Output Signal Description
1 85-x.DEF.On Pilot directional earth-fault protection x is enabled. (x=1 or 2)
2 85-x.Op_DEF Pilot directional earth-fault protection x operates. (x=1 or 2)
3 85-x.DEF_BlkAR Pilot directional earth-fault protection x operates to block AR. (x=1 or 2)
Output signal of sending permissive signal 1 for pilot directional earth-fault
4 85-x.Send1 protection x when pilot directional earth-fault protection sharing pilot channel 1
with pilot distance protection (x=1 or 2)
Output signal of sending permissive signal 2 for pilot directional earth-fault
5 85-x.Send2 protection x when pilot directional earth-fault protection adopting independent pilot
channel 2 (x=1 or 2)
3.10.5 Settings
Table 3.10-2 Settings of pilot directional earth-fault protection
channel 2
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting of pilot directional
5 85.DEF.3I0_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
earth-fault protection
Time delay of pilot directional
6 85.DEF.t_DPU 0.001~10.000 0.001 s
earth-fault protection
Time delay pickup for current
reversal logic when pilot directional
7 85.t_DPU_CR2 0.000~1.000 0.001 s
earth-fault protection adopts
independent pilot channel 2
Time delay dropoff for current
reversal logic when pilot directional
8 85.t_DDO_CR2 0.000~1.000 0.001 s
earth-fault protection adopts
independent pilot channel 2
When line LM has an earth fault, the fault currents flowing through the relay A and the relay D are
of similar magnitude in most cases. It is desirable that the fault is isolated from the power system
by tripping the circuit breaker C and circuit breaker D. Hence, the overcurrent protection of relay A
and relay D require to associate with current direction to fulfill selective tripping.
Directional earth fault protection has a time delay due to coordinate with that of downstream so it
cannot clear the fault quickly. Pilot directional earth-fault protection, which is fulfilled by directional
earth fault element on both ends, it can maintain fast operation and achieve high sensitivity to
detect high resistance fault.
The direction of phase current and phase-to-phase current equips with an under-voltage direction
function to ensure that phase or phase-to-phase overcurrent protection has explicit directionality
when the polarized voltage is too low for close up fault.
The direction of zero-sequence current and negative-sequence current direction equips with an
impedance compensation function to ensure that zero-sequence or negative-sequence
overcurrent protection has explicit directionality when the zero-sequence voltage or the
negative-sequence voltage is too low.
By setting the characteristic angle [RCA_OC] to determine the most sensitive forward angle of
phase current and phase-to-phase current, power value is calculated using phase current with
phase polarized voltage or phase-to-phase current with phase-to-phase polarized voltage to
determine the direction of phase current or phase-to-phase current respectively in forward
direction or reverse direction. When the power value is zero, neither forward direction nor reverse
direction is considered. As shown below:
Where:
P=U×[I×COS(θ-φ)]
From above diagram can be seen, when θ=φ, P reaches to the maximum value. It is considered
as the most sensitive forward direction. Hence, φ is called as sensitivity angle of phase
overcurrent protection.
In the event of asymmetrical fault, because phase or phase-to-phase voltage may decrease to
very low voltage whereas positive-sequence voltage does not, the polarized voltage of phase or
phase-to-phase current direction uses positive-sequence voltage to avoid wrong direction due to
too low polarized voltage. Therefore, using positive-sequence voltage as polarized voltage can
ensure that the direction determination has no dead zone for asymmetrical fault. For symmetric
fault, if positive-sequence voltage decreases to 15%Un, the device uses memorized
positive-sequence voltage as polarized voltage, the memorized positive-sequence voltage is 1.5
cycles pre-fault positive-sequence voltage.
When using normal polarized voltage to calculate phase and phase-to-phase current direction,
there are total twelve direction determination algorithm including forward direction and reverse
direction.
When the symmetrical fault occurs on a power system, positive-sequence voltage may reduce to
less than 0.15Un, the device will switch to phase or phase-to-phase current direction for
under-voltage condition. The 1.5 cycle pre-fault positive-sequence voltage is used as polarized
voltage with reverse threshold to ensure stable direction decision when three-phase voltage goes
to approximately zero due to close up fault.
At first, the threshold is forward offset before direction is determined, and the threshold will be
reversed offset after direction is determined.
By setting the characteristic angle [RCA_ROC] and [RCA_NegOC] to determine the most
sensitive forward angle of zero-sequence current and negative-sequence current, power value is
calculated using zero-sequence current with zero-sequence voltage or negative-sequence current
with negative-sequence voltage to determine the direction of zero-sequence current and
negative-sequence current respectively in forward direction or reverse direction.
When the power value is between 0 and -0.1In, neither forward direction nor reverse direction is
considered.
Where:
P=U×[I×COS(θ-φ)]
Calculating the power value using zero-sequence current (3I0) and zero-sequence voltage (3U0)
to determine the direction of zero-sequence current
The zero-sequence current and the zero-sequence voltage can be gained by calculation
Calculating the power value using negative-sequence current (3I2) and negative-sequence
voltage (3U2) to determine the direction of negative-sequence current
The negative-sequence current and the negative-sequence voltage can be gained by calculation
is the setting [Z0_Comp], which cannot exceed the total zero-sequence impedance of
is the setting [Z2_Comp], which cannot exceed the total negative-sequence impedance
DIR
FwdDir_ROC
RevDir_ROC
FwdDir_NegOC
RevDir_NegOC
FwdDir_A
FwdDir_B
FwdDir_C
RevDir_A
RevDir_B
RevDir_C
FwdDir_AB
FwdDir_BC
FwdDir_CA
RevDir_AB
RevDir_BC
RevDir_CA
3.11.5 Settings
Table 3.11-3 Settings of current direction
1. Four-stage phase overcurrent protection with independent logic, current and time delay
settings.
3. Direction control element can be selected to control each stage phase overcurrent protection
4. Second harmonic can be selected to block each stage of phase overcurrent protection.
3.12.2.1 Overview
2. Direction control element: one direction control element shared by all overcurrent elements,
and each overcurrent element can individually select protection direction.
3. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking element shared by all overcurrent
elements and each phase overcurrent element can individually enable the output signal from
harmonic element as a blocking input.
Where:
When the percentage of second harmonic component to fundamental component of any phase
current is greater than the setting [50/51P.K_Hm2], harmonic blocking element operates to block
stage x overcurrent element if corresponding logic setting [50/51Px.En_Hm2_Blk] enabled.
Operation criterion:
Equation 3.12-2
Where:
If fundamental component of any phase current is lower than the minimum operating current
(0.1In), then harmonic calculation is not carried out and harmonic blocking element does not
operate.
Where:
α is a constant.
K is a constant.
C is a constant.
The user can select the operating characteristic from various inverse-time characteristic curves by
setting [50/51Px.Opt_Curve], and parameters of available characteristics for selection are shown
in the following table.
If all available curves do not comply with user application, user may set [50/51Px.Opt_Curve] as
“UserDefine” to customize the inverse-time curve characteristic with constants α, K and C. (only
stage 1)
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[50/51Px.tmin], then the operating time of the protection changes to the value of setting
[50/51Px.tmin] automatically.
Define-time or inverse-time phase overcurrent protection drops off instantaneously after fault
current disappears.
3.12.5 Logic
EN [50/51Px.En]
&
SIG 50/51Px.En1 &
50/51Px.On
SIG 50/51Px.En2
>=1
SIG 50/51Px.Blk 50/51Px.St
EN [50/51Px.En_VTS_Blk]
SET [50/51Px.Opt_Dir]=Non-Directional
SET [50/51Px.En_Hm2_Blk]
SIG FD.Pkp
& Timer
t
SIG 50/51Px.St
Where:
x=1, 2, 3, 4
3.12.6 Settings
Table 3.12-3 Settings of phase overcurrent protection
ANSILTV
ANSILT
UserDefine
Time multiplier setting for stage 1 of
10 50/51P1.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Minimum operating time for stage 1
11 50/51P1.tmin 0.000~20.000 0.001 s of inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Constant “α” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
12 50/51P1.Alpha 0.010~5.000 0.001
characteristic phase overcurrent
protection
Constant “C” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
13 50/51P1.C 0.000~20.000 0.001
characteristic phase overcurrent
protection
Constant “K” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
14 50/51P1.K 0.050~20.000 0.001
characteristic phase overcurrent
protection
Current setting for stage 2 of phase
15 50/51P2.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
overcurrent protection
Time delay for stage 2 of phase
16 50/51P2.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
overcurrent protection
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of phase
overcurrent protection
17 50/51P2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 2 of phase
18 50/51P2.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 overcurrent protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling stage 2 of phase
overcurrent protection is blocked by
19 50/51P2.En_VTS_Blk 0 or 1 VT circuit failure
0: disable
1: enable
Non-Directional
Direction option for stage 2 of phase
20 50/51P2.Opt_Dir Forward
overcurrent protection
Reverse
Enabling/disabling second harmonic
21 50/51P2.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1
blocking for stage 2 of phase
overcurrent protection
0: disable
1: enable
DefTime
IECN
IECV
IECE
IECST
IECLT Option of characteristic curve for
22 50/51P2.Opt_Curve ANSIE stage 2 of phase overcurrent
ANSIV protection
ANSI
ANSIM
ANSILTE
ANSILTV
ANSILT
Time multiplier setting for stage 2 of
23 50/51P2.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection.
Minimum operating time for stage 2
24 50/51P2.tmin 0.000~20.000 0.001 s of inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Current setting for stage 3 of phase
25 50/51P3.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
overcurrent protection
Time delay for stage 3 of phase
26 50/51P3.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
overcurrent protection
Enabling/disabling stage 3 of phase
overcurrent protection
27 50/51P3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 3 of phase
28 50/51P3.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 overcurrent protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling stage 3 of phase
overcurrent protection is blocked by
29 50/51P3.En_VTS_Blk 0 or 1 VT circuit failure
0: disable
1: enable
Non-Directional
Direction option for stage 3 of phase
30 50/51P3.Opt_Dir Forward
overcurrent protection
Reverse
31 50/51P3.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1 Enabling/disabling second harmonic
In order to improve the selectivity of earth fault protection in power grid with multiple power
sources, directional element can be selected to control earth fault protection. For application on
line-transformer unit, second harmonic also can be selected to block earth fault protection to avoid
the effect of sympathetic current on the protection.
1. Four-stage earth fault protection with independent logic, current and time delay settings.
3. Directional element can be selected to control each stage of earth fault protection with three
options: no direction, forward direction and reverse direction.
4. Second harmonic can be selected to block each stage of earth fault protection.
3.13.2.1 Overview
1. Overcurrent element: each stage equipped with one independent overcurrent element.
2. Directional control element: one direction control element shared by all overcurrent elements,
and each overcurrent element can individually select protection direction.
3. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking element shared by all overcurrent
elements and each overcurrent element can individually enable the output signal of harmonic
blocking element as a blocking input.
The operation criterion for each stage of earth fault protection is:
Where:
In order to prevent effects of inrush current on earth fault protection, harmonic blocking function
can be selected for each stage of earth fault element by configuring logic setting
[50/51Gx.En_Hm2_Blk] (x=1, 2, 3 or 4).
Operation criterion:
Equation 3.13-2
Where:
If fundamental component of residual current is lower than the minimum operating current (0.1In)
then harmonic calculation is not carried out and harmonic blocking element does not operate.
All 4 stages earth fault protection can be selected as definite-time or inverse-time characteristic,
and inverse-time operating time curve is as follows.
Equation 3.13-3
Where:
K is a constant
C is a constant.
α is a constant.
The user can select the operating characteristic from various inverse-time characteristic curves by
setting [50/51Gx.Opt_Curve], and parameters of available characteristics for selection are shown
in the following table.
If all available curves do not comply with user application, user may set [50/51Gx.Opt_Curve] as
“UserDefine” to customize the inverse-time curve characteristic, and constants K, α and C with
configuration tool software. (only stage 1)
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[50/51Gx.tmin], then the operating time of the protection changes to the value of setting
[50/51Gx.tmin] automatically.
Define-time or inverse-time directional earth-fault protection drops off instantaneously after fault
current disappears.
3.13.5 Logic
Where:
x=1, 2, 3, 4
Abnormal condition 1: when the system is under pole disagreement condition, for 1-pole AR, earth
fault protection will operate. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “1”, the stage x of
earth fault protection will be blocked. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “0”,
earth fault protection is not controlled by direction element.
Abnormal condition 2: When manually closing circuit breaker, three phases of the circuit breaker
maybe not operate simultaneously, and SOTF protection should operate. If the logic setting
[50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “1”, the stage x of earth fault protection will be blocked. If the
logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “0”, earth fault protection is not controlled by
direction element.
Abnormal condition 3: VT circuit failure. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “1”,
the stage x of earth fault protection will be blocked. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is
set as “0”, earth fault protection is not controlled by direction element.
3.13.6 Settings
Table 3.13-3 Settings of earth fault protection
Enabling/Disabling
auto-reclosing blocked when
stage 2 of earth fault protection
19 50/51G2.En_BlkAR 0 or 1
operates
0: disable
1: enable
Non_Directional
Direction option for stage 2 of
20 50/51G2.Opt_Dir Forward
earth fault protection
Reverse
Enabling/disabling second
harmonic blocking for stage 2 of
21 50/51G2.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1 earth fault protection
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling blocking for
stage 2 of earth fault protection
22 50/51G2.En_Abnor_Blk 0 or 1 under abnormal conditions
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling blocking for
stage 2 of earth fault protection
23 50/51G2.En_CTS_Blk 0 or 1 under CT failure conditions
0: disable
1: enable
DefTime
IECN
IECV
IECE
IECST
IECLT
Option of characteristic curve for
24 50/51G2.Opt_Curve ANSIE
stage 2 of earth fault protection
ANSIV
ANSI
ANSIM
ANSILTE
ANSILTV
ANSILT
Time multiplier setting for stage
25 50/51G2.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 2 of inverse-time earth fault
protection
Minimum operating time for
26 50/51G2.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s stage 2 of inverse-time earth
fault protection
27 50/51G3.3I0_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A Current setting for stage 3 of
ANSIE
ANSIV
ANSI
ANSIM
ANSILTE
ANSILTV
ANSILT
Time multiplier setting for stage
47 50/51G4.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 4 of inverse-time earth fault
protection
Minimum operating time for
48 50/51G4.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s stage 4 of inverse-time earth
fault protection
50PVT/50GVT
50PVT.En1 50PVT.On
50PVT.En2 50PVT.Op
50PVT.Blk 50PVT.St
50GVT.En1 50PVT.StA
50GVT.En2 50PVT.StB
50GVT.Blk 50PVT.StC
50GVT.On
50GVT.Op
50GVT.St
3.14.4 Logic
3.14.5 Settings
Table 3.14-2 Settings of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure
Residual current SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a complementary function to earth fault
protection. With residual current SOTF protection, a fast trip is achieved for a fault on the line,
when the line is being energized. It shall be responsive to all types of earth faults anywhere within
the protected line, and it shall be enabled for a period of 400ms when the circuit is energized either
manually or via an auto-reclosing system.
Residual current SOTF protection will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of
100ms when 3-pole auto-reclosing or closing manually.
50GSOTF
50GSOTF.En1 50GSOTF.On
50GSOTF.En2 50GSOTF.Op
50GSOTF.Blk 50GSOTF.St
3.15.5 Logic
3.15.6 Settings
Table 3.15-2 Settings of residual current SOTF protection
Abnormal high voltages often occur e.g. in low loaded, long distance transmission lines, in
islanded systems when generator voltage regulation fails, or load rejection of a generator. Even if
compensation reactors are provided to avoid line overvoltage by compensation of the line
capacitance and thus reduction of the overvoltage, the overvoltage will endanger the insulation if
the reactors fail. The line must be de-energized within a very short time.
The overvoltage protection in this device detects the phase voltages Ua, Ub and Uc or the
phase-to-phase voltages Uab, Ubc and Uca with an option of any phase or all phases operation
for output. The overvoltage protection can be used for tripping purpose as well as to initiate
transfer trip, which selectable controlled by local circuit breaker.
1. Three stages phase overvoltage protection with independent logic, voltage and time delay
settings.
4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any
of three phase voltages, 3-out-of-3 means all three phase voltages)
1. Operation Criterion
Users can select phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage for the protection calculation. If setting
[59Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is set to “0”, phase voltage criterion is selected and if [59Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is
set to “1”, phase-to-phase voltage criterion is selected.
When phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is greater than any enabled stage voltage setting,
the stage protection picks up and operates after delay, which will drop off instantaneously when
fault voltage disappears.
Two operation criteria of definite-time overvoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P].
or
Where:
When [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “1”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.16-1) is selected as operation
criterion, and when set as “0”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.16-2) is selected.
Two operation criteria of definite-time overvoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P].
or
When [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “1”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.16-3) is selected as operation
criterion, and when set as “0”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.16-4) is selected.
2. Characteristic Curve
Where:
K is a constant.
C is a constant.
α is a constant.
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[59Px.tmin], then the operating time changes to the value of setting [59Px.tmin] automatically.
3.16.1.5 Logic
x=1, 2, 3
3.16.1.6 Settings
ANSILTE
ANSILTV
ANSILT
Time multiplier setting for stage x of
10 59Px.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 inverse-time overvoltage protection (x=1,
2, 3)
Minimum delay for stage x of inverse-time
11 59Px.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s
overvoltage protection (x=1, 2, 3)
59Q
59Q.En1 59Q.On
59Q.En2 59Q.Op
59Q.Blk 59Q.St
3.16.2.4 Logic
3.16.2.5 Settings
The undervoltage protection can be applied to trip when fault occurs in a system. Two stages of
undervoltage protection are available measuring phase voltages UA, UB and UC or phase-to-phase
voltages UAB, UBC and UCA. The protection output can be selected for either any phase or all
phases operation. The undervoltage protection is normally used as decoupling system rather than
load shedding.
1. Three stages phase undervoltage protection with independent logic, voltage and time delay
settings.
4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any
of three phase voltages, 3-out-of-3 means all three phase voltages)
1. Operation Criterion
Users can select phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage for the protection calculation. If setting
[27Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is set to “0”, phase voltage criterion is selected and if [27Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is
set to “1”, phase-to-phase voltage criterion is selected.
When phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is less than any enabled stage voltage setting, the
stage protection picks up and operates after delay, which will drop off instantaneously when fault
voltage disappears.
Two operation criteria of definite-time undervoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [27Px.Opt_1P/3P].
or
Where:
When [27Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “1”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.16-5) is selected as operation
criterion, and when set as “0”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.16-6) is selected.
Two operation criteria of definite-time undervoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [27Px.Opt_Up/Upp].
or
Where:
When the setting [27Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “1”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.16-7) is selected as
operation criterion, and when it is set as “0”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.16-8) is selected.
2. Characteristic Curve
Where:
K is a constant.
C is a constant.
α is a constant.
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[27Px.tmin], then the operating time changes to the value of setting [27Px.tmin] automatically.
Define-time or inverse-time phase under voltage protection drops off instantaneously when
measured voltage is higher than reset voltage.
27Px
27Px.En1 27Px.On
27Px.En2 27Px.Alm
27Px.Blk 27Px.Op
27Px.St
27Px.St1
27Px.St2
27Px.St3
27Px.U_Absent
3.16.3.5 Logic
In order to prevent undervoltage protection from undesired operation, after the device powered on,
if any phase current is greater than 0.06In or circuit breaker is in closed posion, undervoltage
protection will be in service with a time delay of 100ms when the corresponding phase voltage is
greater than 0.1Un. Otherwise, undervoltage protection will be blocked by the signal
“27Px.U_Absent”
current (including DPFC current element and residual current element), current condition and VT
circuit failure
When the setting [27Px.En_FD_Ctrl] is set as “1”, undervoltage protection will be blocked if FD
element reflecting current does not operate.
When the setting [27Px.En_Curr_Ctrl] is set as “1”, undervoltage protection will be blocked if
current condition (>0.06In) is not met.
When the setting [27Px.En_VTS_Blk] is set as “1”, undervoltage protection will be blocked if VT
circuit fails.
If any phase of circuit breaker is open (binary input of normal close contact of breaker is energized)
and the corresponding phase current is smaller than 0.06In, undervoltage protection will be
blocked.
EN [27Px.En]
&
SIG 27Px.En1 &
27Px.On
SIG 27Px.En2
SIG 27Px.Blk
&
>=1
UV_PhAB_Curr_Rls
&
>=1
UV_PhBC_Curr_Rls
&
>=1
UV_PhCA_Curr_Rls
EN 27Px.En_Curr_Ctrl
EN [27Px.En_Alm]
SET [27P1.Opt_1P/3P]
SIG 27Px.On
SIG Block UV
SET [27Px.Opt_Up/Upp]
& & Timer &
t
SIG UV_PhA_Curr_Rls >=1 &
t
SET UA<[27Px.U_Set]
&
SIG UV_PhB_Curr_Rls
SET UAB<[27Px.U_Set]
Timer &
& &
t 27Px.Op
SIG UV_PhC_Curr_Rls >=1
t
SET UB<[27Px.U_Set]
&
&
>=1 27Px.Alm
SIG UV_PhAB_Curr_Rls
&
SET UBC<[27Px.U_Set] >=1
& & Timer
t
SIG UV_PhBC_Curr_Rls >=1
t
SET UC<[27Px.U_Set]
27Px.St1
&
27Px.St2
SIG UV_PhCA_Curr_Rls
27Px.St3
SET UCA<[27Px.U_Set] >=1
27Px.St
x=1, 2, 3
3.16.3.6 Settings
DefTime
IECN
IECV
IECE
IECST
IECLT
Option of characteristic curve for stage x
10 27Px.Opt_Curve ANSIE
of undervoltage protection (x=1, 2, 3)
ANSIV
ANSI
ANSIM
ANSILTE
ANSILTV
ANSILT
Time multiplier setting for stage x of
11 27Px.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 inverse-time undervoltage protection (x=1,
2, 3)
Minimum delay for stage x of inverse-time
12 27Px.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s
undervoltage protection (x=1, 2, 3)
If the power frequency of regional rises due to the active power excess demand, overfrequency
protection operates to perform generator rejection to shed part of the generators automatically
according to the rising frequency so that power supply and the load are re-balanced.
Overfrequency protection consists of the four stages (stage 1 to stage 4). When system frequency
is greater than the setting [81O.f_Pkp], overfrequency protection will put into service.
If the positive voltage U1<0.15Un, the calculation of protection is not carried out and the output
relay will be blocked.
Where:
f is system frequency.
81O.OFx
81O.En1 81O.OFx.On
81O.En2 81O.St
81O.Blk 81O.OFx.Op
3.17.1.5 Logic
SIG 81O.En1
&
SIG 81O.En2 &
81O.OF1.On
EN [81O.OF1.En]
SIG 81O.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81O.OF1.En]
SIG 81O.St1 ≥1
SIG 81O.St2
≥1
SIG 81O.St3 ≥1 81O.St
SIG 81O.St4
3.17.1.6 Settings
overfrequency protection
0: disable
1: enable
In case of frequency decline due to lack of active power in the power system, underfrequency
protection operates to shed part of the load according to the declined value of frequency to
re-balance the power supply and the load.
Underfrequency protection consists of the four stages (stage 1 to stage 4). When system
frequency is smaller than the setting [81U.f_Pkp], underfrequency protection will put into service.
If the positive voltage U1<0.15Un, the calculation of protection is not carried out and the output
relay will be blocked.
If -df/dt≥[81U.df/dt_Blk], the calculation of protection is not carried out and the output relay will
be blocked. The blocking element will not be released automatically until the system frequency
recovers to be less than the setting [81U.f_Pkp].
Where:
f is system frequency.
Where:
df/dt is the frequency slip speed and the time step (i.e. dt) for the calucation is equal to 5 cycle.
Underfrequency protection can be blocked by the frequency slip speed (df/dt). If the logic setting
[81U.UFx.En_df/dt_Blk] (x=1, 2, 3 or 4) is set as “1”, when Equation 3.17-2 and Equation 3.17-3
are met, it is decided that a fault occurred and the corresponding stage underfrequency protection
is blocked at the same time for the purpose of waiting for operation of other related protection. The
blocking signal will not reset until the system frequency recovers, i.e. the system frequency is
greater than the setting [81U.f_Pkp]. If the logic setting is set as “0”, when Equation 3.17-2 and
Equation 3.17-3 are met, the stage underfrequency protection will be released to operate.
81U.UFx
81U.En1 81U.UFx.On
81U.En2 81U.St
81U.Blk 81U.UFx.Op
3.17.2.5 Logic
SIG 81U.En1
&
SIG 81U.En2
EN [81U.UF2.En]
&
81U.UF2.On
SIG 81U.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp &
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81U.UF2.En]
SIG 81U.En1
&
SIG 81U.En2
EN [81U.UF3.En]
&
81U.UF3.On
SIG 81U.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp &
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81U.UF3.En]
SIG 81U.En1
&
SIG 81U.En2
EN [81U.UF4.En]
&
81U.UF4.On
SIG 81U.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp &
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81U.UF4.En]
SIG 81U.St2
>=1
SIG 81U.St3 >=1 81U.St
SIG 81U.St4
3.17.2.6 Settings
underfrequency protection
Time delay for stage 3 of
12 81U.UF3.t_Op 0.050~30.000 0.01 s
underfrequency protection
Enabling/disabling stage 3 of
underfrequency protection
13 81U.UF3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling rate of frequency
change to block stage 3 of
14 81U.UF3.En_df/dt_Blk 0 or 1 underfrequency protection
0: disable
1: enable
Frequency setting for stage 4 of
15 81U.UF4.f_Set 45.000~60.000 0.001 Hz
underfrequency protection
Time delay for stage 4 of
16 81U.UF4.t_Op 0.050~30.000 0.01 s
underfrequency protection
Enabling/disabling stage 4 of
underfrequency protection
17 81U.UF4.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling rate of frequency
change to block stage 4 of
18 81U.UF4.En_df/dt_Blk 0 or 1 underfrequency protection
0: disable
1: enable
Breaker failure protection issues a back-up trip command to trip adjacent circuit breakers in case
of a tripping failure of the circuit breaker, and clears the fault as requested by the device. To utilize
the protection information of faulty equipment and the electrical information of failure circuit
breaker to constitute the criterion of breaker failure protection, it can ensure that the adjacent
circuit breakers of failure circuit breaker are tripped with a shorter time delay, so that the affected
area is minimized, and ensure stable operation of the entire power grid to prevent generators,
transformers and other components from seriously damaged.
Note!
For double circuit breakers mode, the device will provide indenpendent breaker failure
protection for CB1 and CB2 respectively. Both breaker failure protections have the same
logic.The difference is that the prefix “CBx.” is added to all signals and settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
When both the phase-segregated tripping contact from line protection and the corresponding
phase overcurrent element operate, or both the three-phase tripping contact and any phase
overcurrent element operate, breaker failure protection will send three-phase tripping command to
trip local circuit breaker after time delay of [CBx.50BF.t1_Op] and trip all adjacent circuit breakers
after time delay of [CBx.50BF.t2_Op].
When the protection element except undervoltage element within this device operates and issues
tripping signal, breaker failure protection will also be initiated.
Taking into account that the faulty current is too small for generator or transformer fault, the
sensitivity of phase current element may not meet the requirements, zero-sequence current
criterion and negative-sequence current criterion are provided in addition to the phase overcurrent
element for breaker failure protection initiated by input signal [CBx.50BF.ExTrp3P_GT] from
generator and transformer protection. They can be enabled or disabled by logic settings
[CBx.50BF.En_3I0_3P] and [CBx.50BF.En_I2_3P] respectively.
For some special fault (for example, mechanical protection or overvoltage protection operating),
maybe faulty current is very small and current criterion of breaker failure protection is not met, in
order to make breaker failure protection can also operate under the above situation, an input
signal [CBx.50BF.ExTrp_WOI] is equipped to initiate breaker failure protection, once the input
signal is energized, normally closed auxiliary contact of circuit breaker is chosen in addition to
breaker failure current check to trigger breaker failure timer. The device takes current as priority
with CB auxiliary contact (52b) as an option criterion for breaker failure check.
50BF
CBx.50BF.ExTrp3P_L CBx.50BF.On
CBx.50BF.ExTrp3P_GT CBx.50BF.Op_ReTrpA
CBx.50BF.ExTrp_WOI CBx.50BF.Op_ReTrpB
CBx.50BF.ExTrpA CBx.50BF.Op_ReTrpC
CBx.50BF.ExTrpB CBx.50BF.Op_ReTrp3P
CBx.50BF.ExTrpC CBx.50BF.Op_t1
CBx.50BF.En CBx.50BF.Op_t2
CBx.50BF.Blk
3.18.5 Logic
SIG CBx.50BF.En
&
EN [CBx.50BF.En] CBx.50BF.On
SIG CBx.50BF.Blk
SIG CBx.50BF.On
&
SIG FD.Pkp
EN [CBx.50BF.En_ReTrp]
EN [CBx.50BF.En_3I0_1P] >=1
SET 3I0>[CBx.50BF.3I0_Set]
&
SIG CBx.BFI_A >=1 & [CBx.50BF.t_ReTrp] 0ms CBx.50BF.Op_ReTrpA
BI [CBx.50BF.ExTrpA]
SET IA>[CBx.50BF.I_Set]
&
SIG CBx.BFI_B >=1 & [CBx.50BF.t_ReTrp] 0ms CBx.50BF.Op_ReTrpB
BI [CBx.50BF.ExTrpB]
SET IB>[CBx.50BF.I_Set]
&
SIG CBx.BFI_C >=1 & [CBx.50BF.t_ReTrp] 0ms CBx.50BF.Op_ReTrpC
BI [CBx.50BF.ExTrpC] >=1
BI [CBx.50BF.ExTrp_WOI]
&
EN [CBx.50BF.En_3I0_3P] &
SET 3I0>[CBx.50BF.3I0_Set]
& >=1 >=1 [CBx.50BF.t1_Op] 0ms CBx.50BF.Op_t1
EN [CBx.50BF.En_I2_3P] & &
[CBx.50BF.t2_Op] 0ms CBx.50BF.Op_t2
SET I2>[CBx.50BF.I2_Set]
&
EN [CBx.50BF.En_CB_Ctrl]
BI [CBx.52b_PhA]
&
BI [CBx.52b_PhB]
BI [CBx.52b_PhC]
SIG FD.Pkp
3.18.6 Settings
Table 3.18-2 Settings of breaker failure protection
Thermal overload protection estimates the internal heat content (temperature) continuously. This
estimation is made by using a thermal model with two time constants, which is based on current
measurement.
When the temperature increases to the alarm value, the protection issues alarm signals to remind
the operator for attention, and if the temperature continues to increase to the trip value, the
protection sends trip command to disconnect the protected line.
Two stages for alarm purpose and two stages for trip purpose
The device provides a thermal overload model which is based on the IEC60255-8 standard. The
thermal overload formulas are shown as below.
I2
T ln 2
I (k I B ) 2
I 2 I p2
T ln
I 2 (k I B ) 2
Where:
ln = Natural logarithm
The hot start characteristic is adopted in the device. The calculation is carried out at zero of Ip, so
users need not to set the value of Ip.
Tripping outputs of the protection is controlled by current, even if the thermal accumulation value is
greater than the setting for tripping, the protection drops off instantaneously when current
disappears. Alarm outputs of the protection is not controlled by current, and only if the thermal
accumulation value is greater than the setting for alarm, alarm output contacts, which can be
connected to block the auto-reclosure, will operate.
3.19.5 Logic
3.19.6 Settings
Table 3.19-2 Settings of thermal overload protection
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of
thermal overload protection for trip
8 49-2.En_Trp 0 or 1 purpose
0: disable
1: enable
3.20.4 Logic
Only one stage is available to stub overcurrent protection. Based on calculating summation
current from dual CTs, the logic scheme of stub overcurrent protection is shown as Figure 3.20-2.
SIG 50STB.En1
&
SIG 50STB.En2 &
50STB.On
SIG 50STB.Blk
EN [50STB.En]
&
SIG FD.Pkp
& 50STB.St
50STB.StA
SET Ia>[50STB.I_Set]
&
50STB.StB
SET Ib>[50STB.I_Set]
&
50STB.StC
SET Ic>[50STB.I_Set]
3.20.5 Settings
Table 3.20-2 Settings of stub overcurrent protection
Note!
For double circuit breakers mode, the device will provide indenpendent dead zone
protection for CB1 and CB2 respectively. Both dead zone protections have the same
logic.The difference is that the prefix “CBx.” is added to all signals and settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
The criterion for dead zone protection is: when dead zone protection is enabled, binary input of
initiating dead zone protection is energized (by default, three-phase tripping signal is used to
initiate dead zone protection), if overcurrent element for dead zone protection operates, then
corresponding circuit breaker is tripped and three phases normally closed contact of the circuit
breaker are energized, dead zone protection will operate to trip adjacent circuit breaker after a
time delay.
3.21.5 Logic
3.21.6 Settings
Table 3.21-2 Settings of dead zone protection
Note!
For double circuit breakers mode, the device will provide indenpendent pole discrepancy
protection for CB1 and CB2 respectively. Both pole discrepancy protections have the same
logic.The difference is that the prefix “CBx.” is added to all signals and settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
62PD
CBx.62PD.En1 CBx.62PD.On
CBx.62PD.En2 CBx.62PD.Op
CBx.62PD.Blk CBx.62PD.St
3.22.5 Logic
Phase-segregated circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are connected to the device. When the state
of three phase-segregated circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are inconsistent, pole discrepancy
protection will be started and initiate output after a time delay [CBx.62PD.t_Op].
Pole discrepancy protection can be blocked by external input signal [62PD.Blk]. In general, this
input signal is usually from the output of 1-pole AR initiation, so as to prevent pole discrepancy
protection from operation during 1-pole AR initiation.
SIG CBx.62PD.En1
&
SIG CBx.62PD.En2 &
62PD.On
EN [CBx.62PD.En]
SIG CBx.62PD.Blk
&
EN [CBx.62PD.En_3I0/I2_Ctrl] >=1
SET 3I0>[CBx.62PD.3I0_Set] >=1
SET I2>[CBx.62PD.I2_Set]
The signal “CBx.62PD.In_PD” is input signal of pole discrepancy status, which is always from PD
signal of circuit breaker position supervison module. When the states of three auxiliary contacts of
phase-segregate circuit breaker are inconsistent, the signal is energized.
3.22.6 Settings
Table 3.22-2 Settings of pole discrepancy protection
The network of single-phase broken condition is similar to that of two-phases earthing fault,
positive-sequence, negative-sequence and zero-sequence network is connected in parallel, I2/I1=
Z0/(Z0+Z2), generally, zero-sequence impedance is larger than positive-sequence impedance, i.e.
I2/I1>0.5. The network of two-phases broken condition is similar to that of single-phase earthing
fault, positive-sequence, negative-sequence and zero-sequence network is connected in series,
so I2/I1=1.
3.23.5 Logic
3.23.6 Settings
Table 3.23-2 Settings of broken conductor protection
The level of generator absorbing the active power will depend on the need to overcome the friction
loss, according to different types of generator units, the settings of reverse power protection will be
different. During testing in the primary side of the generator unit, the active power absorbed by the
generator can be measured by the device.
When the device is equipped with power plant side, reverse power is negative value, and reverse
power is positive value when it is equipped with substation side.
or
3.24.5 Logic
SIG 32R1.Blk
&
EN [32R1.En_Alm] >=1 32R1.On
EN [32R1.En_Trp]
SIG 32R1.On
SIG P1<-[32R1.P_Set]
&
>=1 32R1.St
SET [32R.Opt_Dir]=Forward &
SIG P1>[32R1.P_Set]
&
[32R1.t_Alm] 0s 32R1.Alm
EN [32R1.En_Alm]
&
[32R1.t_Trp] 0s 32R1.Op
EN [32R1.En_Trp]
When stage 2 of reverse power protection is used as sequential tripping reverse power protection,
it can be selectable to be controlled by position contact of steam valve and circuit breaker
3.24.6 Settings
Table 3.24-2 Settings of broken conductor protection
3.25 Synchrocheck
3.25.1 General Application
The purpose of synchrocheck is to ensure two systems are synchronism before they are going to
be connected.
When two asynchronous systems are connected together, due to phase difference between the
two systems, larger impact will be led to the system during closing. Thus auto-reclosing and
manual closing are applied with the synchrocheck to avoid this situation and maintain the system
stability. The synchrocheck includes synchronism check and dead charge check.
Note!
For double circuit breakers mode, the device will provide indenpendent synchrocheck
function for CB1 and CB2 respectively. Both synchrocheck functions have the same
logic.The difference is that the prefix “CBx.” is added to all signals and settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
The dead charge check function measures the amplitude of line voltage and bus voltage between
both sides of the circuit breaker, and then compare them with the live check setting [CBx.25.U_Lv]
and the dead check setting [CBx.25.U_Dd]. The output is only given when the measured
quantities comply with the criteria.
The synchrocheck in this device can be used for auto-reclosing and manual closing for both single
circuit breaker and dual circuit breakers. When applied for single circuit breaker, the comparison
relationship between reference voltage (CBx.Uref) and synchronism voltage (CBx.Usyn) for
synchronism check is as shown in Figure 3.25-1.
CBx.Uref CBx.Usyn
When both line and busbar are live, the synchronism check element operates if voltage difference,
phase angle difference and frequency difference are all within their setting values.
CBx.Usyn≥[CBx.25.U_Lv]
CBx.Uref≥[CBx.25.U_Lv]
[CBx.25.U_Diff]≥|CBx.Usyn-CBx.Uref|
CBx.Usyn×CBx.Uref×cosØ≥0
CBx.Usyn×CBx.Uref×sin([CBx.25.phi_Diff])≥CBx.Usyn×CBx.Uref×|sinØ|
Where,
|f(CBx.Usyn)-f(CBx.Uref)|≤[CBx.25.f_Diff]
If frequency check is disabled (i.e. [CBx.25.En_fDiffChk] is set as “0”), a detected maximum slip
cycle can also be determined by the following equation based on phase difference setting and the
synchronism check time setting:
f =[CBx.25.phi_Diff]/(180×[CBx.25.t_SynChk])
Where:
f is slip cycle
This function module supports voltage switching. In general, voltage switching is fulfilled by
external circuit, and the busbar arrangement should be determined, including three options, single
busbar arrangement, double busbars arrangement and 1½ breakers arrangement, if using this
module to fulfill voltage switching.
Analog input defines four voltage inputs, UL1, UB1, UL2, UB2, and their usage are as follow:
UL1: it connects with three-phase protection voltages (from line or busbar), which mainly are used
by distance protection, voltage protection and so on.
UL2: it connects with single synchronism voltage (from the other line of the same diameter in 1½
breakers arrangement). When voltage switching is available, it is only used by 1½ breakers
arrangement.
UB2: it connects with single synchronism voltage (from busbar). When voltage switching is
available, it is only used by double busbars arrangement and 1½ breakers arrangement.
The reference voltage (Uref) is determined to use phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage (UL1)
from three-phase protection voltages and by the setting [CBx.25.Opt_Source_UL1].
The synchronism voltage (Usyn) always connects with UB1 if not adopting voltage switching. It
connects with one of UB1, UL2 and UB2 according to the result of voltage switching if adopting
voltage switching.
Voltage selection function is not required for this busbar arrangement, the connection of the
voltage signals and respective VT MCB auxiliary contacts to the device is shown in the Figure
3.25-2 and Figure 3.25-3.
In the figures, the setting [CBx.VTS.En_LineVT] is used to determine protection voltage signals
(Ua, Ub, Uc) from line VT or bus VT according to the condition.
For double busbars arrangement, selection of appropriate voltage signals from Bus 1 and Bus 2
for synchronizing are required. Line VT signal is taken as reference to check synchronizing with
the voltage after voltage selection function. Selection approach is as follows.
For the disconnector positions, the normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) contacts of the
disconnector for bus 1 and bus 2 are required to determine the disconnector open and closed
positions. The voltage selection logic is as follows.
BI 25.NC_UB1DS &
CBx.UB1_Sel
BI 25.NO_UB1DS
BI 25.NC_UB2DS &
CBx.UB2_Sel
BI 25.NO_UB2DS
&
CBx.Alm_Invalid_Sel
UB1 CBx.Usyn
UB2
After acquiring the disconnector open and closed positions of double busbars, use the following
logic to acquire the feeder voltage of double busbars.
For one and a half breakers arrangement, selection of appropriate voltage signals among Line1
VT, Line2 VT and Bus 2 VT as reference voltage to check synchronizing with Bus 1 voltage signal
for closing breaker at Bus 1 side.
Figure 3.25-6 Voltage connection for one and a half breakers arrangement
For the circuit breaker at bus side (take bus breaker of bus 1 as an example), the device acquires
the disconnector open and closed positions of two feeders and bus 2. The voltage selection logic
is as follows.
BI 25.NC_UL1DS &
CBx.UL1_Sel
BI 25.NO_UL1DS
&
BI 25.NC_UL2DS & CBx.UL2_Sel
BI 25.NO_UL2DS
&
BI 25.NC_UB2DS & CBx.UB2_Sel
BI 25.NO_UB2DS
&
CBx.Alm_Invalid_Sel
UL1 CBx.Uref
UL2
UB2
UB1 CBx.Usyn
Figure 3.25-7 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement
For the tie breaker, the device acquires the disconnector open and closed positions of two feeders
and two busbars. Either Line 1 VT or Bus 1 VT signal is selected as reference voltage to check
synchronizing with the selected voltage between Line 2 VT and Bus 2 VT. The voltage selection
logic is as follows.
BI 25.NC_UL1DS &
CBx.UL1_Sel
BI 25.NO_UL1DS
&
BI 25.NC_UB1DS & CBx.UB1_Sel
BI 25.NO_UB1DS
&
UL1 CBx.Uref
UB1
BI 25.NC_UL2DS &
CBx.UL2_Sel
BI 25.NO_UL2DS
&
BI 25.NC_UB2DS & CBx.UB2_Sel
BI 25.NO_UB2DS
>=1
& CBx.Alm_Invalid_Sel
UL2 CBx.Usyn
UB2
Figure 3.25-8 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement
When the voltage selection fails (including VT circuit failure and MCB failure), the device will issue
the corresponding failure signal. If the voltage selection is invalid (CBx.Alm_Invalid_Sel=1), keep
original selection and without switchover.
In order to simplify description, one of the two voltages used in the synchrocheck (synchronism check
and dead charge check) which obtained after voltage selection function is regarded as line voltage,
and another is bus voltage.
If synchronism voltage and reference voltage are used for auto-reclosing with synchronism or
dead line or busbar check, the VT circuit of synchronism voltage and reference voltage are
monitored.
Under normal conditions, the circuit breaker is in closed position but the synchronism voltage is
lower than the setting [CBx.25.U_Lv], it means that synchronism voltage circuit fails and an alarm
[CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Usyn] or [CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Uref] will be issued with a time delay of 10s. If
MCB of synchronism voltage or reference voltage is open, an alarm [CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Usyn] or
[CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Uref] will be issued instantaneously. After synchronism voltage reverted to
normal condition, the alarm will be reset automatically with a time delay of 10s. When synchronism
voltage circuit failure is detected, dead check in auto-reclosing logic will be disabled. If the logic
setting [CBx.25.En_NoChk] is set as “1”, synchronism voltage circuit failure supervision will be
disabled.
SIG CBx.79.Inprog
&
10s 10s >=1
SIG CBx.Uref<[CBx.25.U_Lv] &
CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Uref
SIG 25.MCB_VT_Uref
EN [CBx.25.En_SynChk] >=1
EN [CBx.25.En_DdL_DdB]
>=1
EN [CBx.25.En_DdL_LvB]
EN [CBx.25.En_LvL_DdB]
&
SIG CBx.25.Blk_VTS_UL
SIG CBx.79.Inprog
&
10s 10s >=1
SIG CBx.Usyn<[CBx.25.U_Lv] &
CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Usyn
SIG 25.MCB_VT_Usyn
EN [CBx.25.En_SynChk] >=1
EN [CBx.25.En_DdL_DdB]
>=1
EN [CBx.25.En_DdL_LvB]
EN [CBx.25.En_LvL_DdB]
&
SIG CBx.25.Blk_VTS_UB
As shown in Figure 3.25-9 and Figure 3.25-10, 25.MCB_VT_Uref is MCB signal corresponding to
reference voltage after switching and 25.MCB_VT_Usyn is MCB signal corresponding to
synchronism voltage after switching.
25
CBx.25.Blk_Chk CBx.UL1_Sel
CBx.25.Blk_SynChk CBx.UL2_Sel
CBx.25.Blk_DdChk CBx.UB1_Sel
CBx.25.Start_Chk CBx.UB2_Sel
CBx.25.Start_3PLvChk CBx.Alm_Invalid_Sel
CBx.25.Blk_VTS_Uref CBx.25.Ok_fDiffChk
CBx.25.Blk_VTS_Usyn CBx.25.Ok_UDiffChk
25.MCB_VT_UL1 CBx.25.Ok_phiDiffChk
25.MCB_VT_UL2 CBx.25.Ok_DdL_DdB
25.MCB_VT_UB1 CBx.25.Ok_DdL_LvB
25.MCB_VT_UB2 CBx.25.Ok_LvL_DdB
25.NC_UL1DS CBx.25.Chk_LvL
25.NO_UL1DS CBx.25.Chk_DdL
25.NC_UB1DS CBx.25.Chk_LvB
25.NO_UB1DS CBx.25.Chk_DdB
25.NC_UL2DS CBx.25.Ok_DdChk
25.NO_UL2DS CBx.25.Ok_SynChk
25.NC_UB2DS CBx.25.Ok_Chk
25.NO_UB2DS CBx.25.Ok_3PLvChk
CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Uref
CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Usyn
CBx.25.f_Ref
CBx.25.f_Syn
CBx.25.U_Diff
CBx.25.f_Diff
CBx.25.Phi_Diff
3.25.5 Logic
The frequency difference, voltage difference, and phase difference of voltages from both sides of
the circuit breaker are calculated in the device, they are used as input conditions of the
synchronism check. When the synchronism check function is enabled and the voltages of both
ends meets the requirements of the voltage difference, phase difference, and frequency difference,
and there is no synchronism check blocking signal, it is regarded that the synchronism check
conditions are met.
Synchronism check logic is usually used for 3-pole AR, and 1-pole AR usually adopts no check
logic. However, the circuit breaker at local end can not reclosed unless the circuit breaker at
remote end is reclosed successfully. In order to meet this requirement, live three-phase check can
be used for 1-pole AR, determined by the setting [CBx.25.En_3PLvChk], ensure that three-phase
voltages is restored to normal at local end after the circuit breaker at remote end is reclosed.
EN [CBx.25.En_3PLvChk]
SIG CBx.Uref.a>[CBx.25.U_Lv]
>=1
&
SIG CBx.Uref.b>[CBx.25.U_Lv]
SIG CBx.Uref.c>[CBx.25.U_Lv]
&
SIG CBx.25.Start_3PLvChk 200ms 0ms CBx.25.Ok_3PLvChk
EN [CBx.25.En_SynChk]
&
SIG CBx.25.Start_Chk
SIG CBx.Usyn>[CBx.25.U_Lv]
& &
SIG CBx.Uref>[CBx.25.U_Lv] 50ms 0ms & [CBx.25.t_SynChk] 0ms CBx.25.Ok_SynChk
SIG CBx.25.Ok_UdiffChk
SIG CBx.25.Ok_phiDiffChk
SIG CBx.25.Ok_fDiffChk
The dead charge check conditions have three types, namely, live-bus and dead-line check,
dead-bus and live-line check and dead-bus and dead-line check. The above three modes can be
enabled and disabled by the corresponding logic settings. The device can calculate the measured
bus voltage and line voltage at both sides of the circuit breaker and compare them with the
settings [CBx.25.U_Lv] and [CBx.25.U_Dd]. When the voltage is higher than [CBx.25.U_Lv], the
bus/line is regarded as live. When the voltage is lower than [CBx.25.U_Dd], the bus/line is
regarded as dead.
EN [CBx.25.En_DdL_DdB] &
CBx.25.Ok_DdL_DdB
SIG CBx.Uref<[CBx.25.U_Dd] &
SIG CBx.Usyn<[CBx.25.U_Dd]
EN [CBx.25.En_DdL_LvB] &
CBx.25.Ok_DdL_LvB
SIG CBx.Uref<[CBx.25.U_Dd] &
SIG CBx.Usyn>[CBx.25.U_Lv]
EN [CBx.25.En_LvL_DdB] &
CBx.25.Ok_LvL_DdB
SIG CBx.Uref>[CBx.25.U_Lv] &
SIG CBx.Usyn<[CBx.25.U_Dd]
SIG CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Uref
3.25.6 Settings
Table 3.25-2 Synchrocheck settings
2: C-phase voltage
3: AB-phase voltage
4: BC-phase voltage
5: CA-phase voltage
Voltage selecting mode of line 2.
0: A-phase voltage
1: B-phase voltage
3 CBx.25.Opt_Source_UL2 0~5 1 2: C-phase voltage
3: AB-phase voltage
4: BC-phase voltage
5: CA-phase voltage
Voltage selecting mode of bus 2.
0: A-phase voltage
1: B-phase voltage
4 CBx.25.Opt_Source_UB2 0~5 1 2: C-phase voltage
3: AB-phase voltage
4: BC-phase voltage
5: CA-phase voltage
Option of circuit breaker
configuration, and it should be
set as “NoVoltSel” if no voltage
selection is adopted.
breakers
3/2TieCB: line side circuit
breaker for one and a half
breakers
For certain transmission systems, auto-reclosure is used to improve system stability by restoring
critical transmission paths as soon as possible.
Besides overhead lines, other equipment failure, such as cables, busbar, transformer fault and so
on, are generally permanent fault, and auto-reclosing is not initiated after faulty feeder is tripped.
For some mixed circuits, such as overhead line with a transformer unit, hybrid transmission lines,
etc., it is required to ensure that auto-reclosing is only initiated for faults overhead line section, or
make a choice according to the situation.
Note!
For double circuit breakers mode, the device will provide indenpendent automatic
reclosure function for CB1 and CB2 respectively. Both automatic reclosure functions have
the same logic.The difference is that the prefix “CBx.” is added to all signals and settings
for circuit breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
When external auto-reclosure is used, the device can output some configurable output to initiate
external AR, such as, contact of initiating AR, phase-segregated tripping contact, single-phase
tripping contact, three-phase tripping contact and contact of blocking AR. According to
requirement, these contacts can be selectively connected to external auto-reclosure device to
initiate AR.
For phase-segregated circuit breaker, AR mode can be 1-pole AR for single-phase fault and
3-pole AR for multi-phase fault, or always 3-pole AR for any kinds of fault according to system
requirement. For persistent fault or multi-shot AR number preset value is reached, the device will
send final tripping command. The device will provide appropriate tripping command based on
faulty phase selection if adopting 1-pole AR.
AR can be enabled or disabled by logic setting or external signal via binary input. When AR is
enabled, the device will output contact [CBx.79.On], otherwise, output contact [CBx.79.Off]. After
some reclosing conditions, such as, CB position, CB pressure and so on, is satisfied, the device
will output contact [CBx.79.Ready].
According to requirement, the device can be set as one-shot or multi-shot AR. When adopting
multi-shot AR, the AR mode of first time reclosing can be set as 1-pole AR, 3-pole AR or 1/3-pole
AR. The rest AR mode is only 3-pole AR and its number is determined by the maximum 3-pole
reclosing number.
For one-shot AR or first reclosing of multi-shot AR, AR mode can be selected by logic setting
[CBx.79.En_1PAR], [CBx.79.En_3PAR] and [CBx.79.En_1P/3PAR] or external signal via binary
inputs. When 3-pole or 1/3-pole AR mode is selected, the following three types of check modes
79
CBx.79.En CBx.79.On
CBx.79.Blk CBx.79.Off
CBx.79.Sel_1PAR CBx.79.Close
CBx.79.Sel_3PAR CBx.79.Ready
CBx.79.Sel_1P/3PAR CBx.79.AR_Blkd
CBx.79.Trp CBx.79.Active
CBx.79.Trp3P CBx.79.Inprog
CBx.79.TrpA CBx.79.Inprog_1P
CBx.79.TrpB CBx.79.Inprog_3P
CBx.79.TrpC CBx.79.Inprog_3PS1
CBx.79.LockOut CBx.79.Inprog_3PS2
CBx.79.PLC_Lost CBx.79.Inprog_3PS3
CBx.79.WaitMaster CBx.79.Inprog_3PS4
CBx.79.CB_Healthy CBx.79.WaitToSlave
CBx.79.Clr_Counter CBx.79.Perm_Trp1P
CBx.79.Ok_Chk CBx.79.Perm_Trp3P
CBx.79.Ok_3PLvChk CBx.79.Rcls_Status
CBx.79.Fail_Rcls
CBx.79.Succ_Rcls
CBx.79.Fail_Chk
CBx.79.Mode_1PAR
CBx.79.Mode_3PAR
CBx.79.Mode_1/3PAR
operates
Automatic reclosure status
0: AR is ready.
17 CBx.79.Rcls_Status
1: AR is in progress.
2: AR is successful.
18 CBx.79.Fail_Rcls Auto-reclosing fails
19 CBx.79.Succ_Rcls Auto-reclosing is successful
20 CBx.79.Fail_Chk Synchrocheck for AR fails
21 CBx.79.Mode_1PAR Output of 1-pole AR mode
22 CBx.79.Mode_3PAR Output of 3-pole AR mode
23 CBx.79.Mode_1/3PAR Output of 1/3-pole AR mode
Automatic reclosure counter
24 CBx.79.N_Total_Rcls Recorded number of all reclosing attempts
25 CBx.79.N_1PS1 Recorded number of first 1-pole reclosing attempts
26 CBx.79.N_3PS1 Recorded number of first 3-pole reclosing attempts
27 CBx.79.N_3PS2 Recorded number of second 3-pole reclosing attempts
28 CBx.79.N_3PS3 Recorded number of third 3-pole reclosing attempts
29 CBx.79.N_3PS4 Recorded number of fourth 3-pole reclosing attempts
3.26.5 Logic
3.26.5.1 AR Ready
For the first reclosing of multi-shot AR, AR mode can be 1-pole AR or 3-pole AR, however, the
selection is valid only to the first reclosing, after that it can only be 3-pole AR. When logic setting
[CBx.79.SetOpt] is set as “1”, AR mode is determined by logic settings. When logic setting
[CBx.79.SetOpt] is set as “0”, AR mode is determined by external signal via binary inputs.
An auto-reclosure must be ready to operate before performing reclosing. The output signal
[CBx.79.Ready] means that the auto-reclosure can perform at least one time of reclosing function,
i.e., breaker open-close-open.
When the device is energized or after the settings are modified, AR can not be ready unless the
following conditions are met:
1. AR function is enabled.
2. The circuit breaker is ready, such as, normal storage energy and no low pressure signal.
3. The duration of the circuit breaker in closed position before fault occurrence is not less than
the setting [CBx.79.t_CBClsd].
After the auto-reclosure operates, the auto-reclosure must reset, i.e., [CBx.79.Active]=0, in
addition to the above conditions for reclosing again.
When there is a fault on an overhead line, the concerned circuit breakers will be tripped normally.
After fault is cleared, the tripping command will drop off immediately. In case the circuit breaker is
in failure, etc., and the tripping signal of the circuit breaker maintains and in excess of the time
delay [CBx.79.t_PersistTrp], AR will be blocked, as shown in Figure 3.26-1.
EN [CBx.79.En_PDF_Blk]
& >=1
&
The input signal [CBx.79.CB_Healthy] must be energized before auto-reclosure gets ready.
Because most circuit breakers can finish one complete process: open-closed-open, it is necessary
that circuit breaker has enough energy before reclosing. When the time delay of AR is exhausted,
AR will be blocked if the input signal [CBx.79.CB_Healthy] is still not energized within time delay
[CBx.79.t_CBReady]. If this function is not required, the input signal [CBx.79.CB_Healthy] can be
not to configure, and its state will be thought as “1” by default.
In orde to block AR reliably even if the signal of manually open circuit breaker not connected to the
input of blocking AR, when the circuit breaker is open by manually and there is CB position input
under normal conditions, AR will be blocked with the time delay of 100ms if AR is not initated and
no any trip signal.
When the input signal [CBx.79.LockOut] is energized, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately.
The blocking flag of AR will be also controlled by the internal blocking condition of AR. When the
blocking flag of AR is valid, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately. The logic of AR ready is
shown in Figure 3.26-2.
>=1
SIG 3 CB closed [CBx.79.t_CBClsd] 100ms &
SIG CBx.79.Active >=1
EN [CBx.79.En] &
>=1
EN [CBx.79.En_ExtCtrl] CBx.79.On
&
SIG CBx.79.En &
SIG CBx.79.Blk
When a fault occurs under pole disagreement condition, blocking AR can be enabled or disabled.
The time delay [CBx.79.t_SecFault] is used to discriminate another fault which begins after 1-pole
AR initiated. AR will be blocked if another fault happens after this time delay if the logic setting
[CBx.79.En_PDF_Blk] is set as “1”, and 3-pole AR will be initiated if [CBx.79.En_PDF_Blk] is set
as “1”.
AR will be blocked immediately once the blocking condition of AR appears, but the blocking
condition of AR will drop off with a time delay [CBx.79.t_DDO_BlkAR] after blocking signal
disappears.
When one-shot and 1-pole AR is enabled, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately if there are
binary inputs of multi-phase CB position is energized.
When any protection element operates to trip, the device will output a signal [CBx.79.Active] until
AR drop off (Reset Command). Any tripping signal can be from external protection device or
internal protection element.
AR function can be enabled by internal logic settings of AR mode or external signal via binary
inputs in addition to internal logic setting [CBx.79.En]. When logic setting [CBx.79.En_ExtCtrl] is
set as “1”, AR enable are determined by external signal via binary inputs and logic settings. When
logic setting [CBx.79.En_ExtCtrl] set as “0”, AR enable are determined only by logic settings.
For one-shot reclosing, if 1-pole AR mode is selected, auto-reclosure will reset when there is
three-phase tripping signal or input signal of multi-phase open position.
When AR is enabled, the device will output the signal [CBx.79.Perm_Trp3P] if AR is not ready, or
AR mode is set as 3-Pole AR, or another fault occurs after the circuit breaker is open.
3.26.5.2 AR Initiation
AR mode can be selected by external signal via binary inputs or internal logic settings. If the logic
setting [CBx.79.SetOpt] set as “1”, AR mode is determined by the internal logic settings. If the logic
settings [CBx.79.SetOpt] set as “0”, AR mode is determined by the external inputs.
AR can be initiated by tripping signal of line protection, and the tripping signal may be from internal
trip signal or external trip signal.
When selecting 1-pole AR or 1/3-pole AR, line single-phase fault will trigger 1-pole AR. When AR
is ready to reclosing (“CBx.79.Ready”=1) and the single-phase tripping command is received, this
single-phase tripping command will be kept in the device, and 1-pole AR will be initiated after the
single-phase tripping command drops off. The single-phase tripping command kept in the device
will be cleared after the completion of auto-reclosing sequence (Reset Command). Its logic is
shown in Figure 3.26-4.
When selecting 3-pole AR or 1/3-pole AR, three-phase tripping will trigger 3-pole AR. When AR is
ready to reclosing (“CBx.79.Ready”=1) and the three-phase tripping command is received, this
three-phase tripping command will be kept in the device, and 3-pole AR will be initiated after the
three-phase tripping command drops off. The three-phase tripping command kept in the device will
be cleared after the completion of auto-reclosing sequence (Reset Command). Its logic is shown
in Figure 3.26-5.
2. AR initiated by CB state
A logic setting [CBx.79.En_CBInit] is available for selection that AR is initiated by CB state. Under
normal conditions, when AR is ready to reclosing (“CBx.79.Ready”=1), AR will be initiated if circuit
breaker is open and corresponding phase current is nil. AR initiated by CB state can be divided
into initiating 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR, their logics are shown in Figure 3.26-6 and Figure 3.26-7
respectively. Usually normally closed contact of circuit breaker is used to reflect CB state.
3.26.5.3 AR Reclosing
After AR is initiated, the device will output the initiating contact of AR. For 1-pole AR, in order to
prevent pole discrepancy protection from maloperation under pole discrepancy conditions, the
contact of “1-pole AR initiation” can be used to block pole discrepancy protection.
When the dead time delay of AR expires after AR is initiated, as for 1-pole AR, when the setting
[CBx.25.En_3PLvChk] is set as “0”, the result of synchronism check will not be judged, and
reclosing command will be output directly. When the setting [CBx.25.En_3PLvChk] is set as “1”,
the reclosing is not permissible unless live three-phase check is met. As far as the 3-pole AR, if the
synchronism check is enabled, the release of reclosing command shall be subject to the result of
synchronism check. After the dead time delay of AR expires, if the synchronism check is still
unsuccessful within the time delay [CBx.79.t_wait_Chk], the signal of synchronism check failure
(CBx.79.Fail_Syn) will be output and the AR will be blocked. If 3-pole AR with no-check is enabled,
the condition of synchronism check success (CBx.25.Ok_Chk) will always be established. And the
signal of synchronism check success (CBx.25.Ok_Chk) from the synchronism check logic can be
applied by auto-reclosing function inside the device or external auto-reclosure device.
In the process of channel abnormality, an internal fault occurs on the transmission line, backup
protection at both ends of line will operate to trip the circuit breaker of each end. The operation
time of backup protection at both ends of the line is possibly non-accordant, whilst the time delay
of AR needs to consider the arc-extinguishing and insulation recovery ability for transient fault, so
the time delay of AR shall be considered comprehensively according to the operation time of the
device at both ends. When the communication channel of main protection is abnormal (input
signal [CBx.79.PLC_Lost] is energized), and the logic setting [CBx.79.En_AddDly] is set as “1”,
then the dead time delay of AR shall be equal to the original dead time delay of AR plus the extra
time delay [CBx.79.t_AddDly], so as to ensure the recovery of insulation intensity of fault point
when reclosing after transient fault. This extra time delay [CBx.79.t_AddDly] is only valid for the
first shot AR.
>=1
SIG CBx.79.PLC_Lost
&
SIG CBx.79.Active
&
Extend AR time
EN [CBx.79.En_AddDly]
Reclosing pulse length may be set through the setting [CBx.79.t_PW_AR]. For the circuit breaker
without anti-pump interlock, a logic setting [CBx.79.En_CutPulse] is available to control the
reclosing pulse. When this function is enabled, if the device operates to trip during reclosing, the
reclosing pulse will drop off immediately, so as to prevent multi-shot reclosing onto fault. After the
reclosing command is issued, AR will drop off with time delay [CBx.79.t_Reclaim], and can carry
out next reclosing.
EN [CBx.79.En_CutPulse]
>=1
&
SIG CBx.79.AR_Out [CBx.79.t_Reclaim] 0ms Reset Command
The reclaim timer defines a time from the issue of the reclosing command, after which the
reclosing function resets. Should a new trip occur during this time, it is treated as a continuation of
the first fault. The reclaim timer is started when the CB closing command is given.
For transient fault, the fault will be cleared after the device operates to trip. After the reclosing
command is issued, AR will drop off after time delay [CBx.79.t_Reclaim], and can carry out next
reclosing. When the reclosing is unsuccessful or the reclosing condition is not met after AR
initiated, the reclosing will be considered as unsuccessful, including the following cases.
1. If any protection element operates to trip when AR is enabled ([CBx.79.On]=1) and AR is not
ready ([CBx.79.Ready]=0), the device will output the signal (CBx.79.Fail_Rcls).
2. For one-shot AR, if the tripping command is received again within reclaim time after the
3. For multi-shot AR, if the reclosing times are equal to the setting value of AR number and the
tripping command is received again after the last reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall
be considered as unsuccessful.
SIG CBx.79.On
&
SIG CBx.79.Ready
SIG CBx.79.AR_Blkd
>=1
&
SIG AR Pulse [CBx.79.t_Fail] 0ms &
SIG 3 CB closed
EN [CBx.79.En_FailCheck] &
& CBx.79.Succ_Rcls
0ms [CBx.79.t_Fail]
After unsuccessful AR is confirmed, AR will be blocked. AR will not enter into the ready state
unless the circuit breaker position drops off , and can only begin to enter into the ready state again
after the circuit breaker is closed.
The device may be set up into one-shot or multi-shot AR. Through the setting [CBx.79.N_Rcls],
the maximum number of reclosing attempts may be set up to 4 times. Generally, only one-shot AR
is selected. Some corresponding settings may be hidden if one-shot AR is selected.
1. 1-pole AR
[CBx.79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 1-pole AR mode, 1-pole AR will be
initiated only for single-phase fault and respective faulty phase selected, otherwise, AR will be
blocked. For single-phase transient fault on the line, line protection device will operate to trip and
1-pole AR is initiated. After the dead time delay for 1-pole AR is expired, the device will send
reclosing pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [CBx.79.t_Reclaim] to
ready for the next reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the
reclosing is performed, and the device will output the signal of reclosing failure [CBx.79.Fail_Rcls].
[CBx.79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 1-pole AR mode, the
first reclosing is 1-pole AR, and the subsequent reclosing can only be 3-pole AR. For single-phase
transient fault on the line, line protection device will operate to trip and then 1-pole AR is initiated.
After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and
then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [CBx.79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next
reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed,
and then 3-pole AR is initiated. At this time, the time delay applies the setting [CBx.79.t_Dd_3PS2].
After the time delay is expired, if the reclosing condition is met, the device will send reclosing pulse.
The sequence is repeated until the reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing
number [CBx.79.N_Rcls] is reached. If the first fault is multi-phase fault, the device operates to trip
three-phase and initiate 3-pole AR. At this time, the time delay applies the setting
[CBx.79.t_Dd_3PS1]. For the possible reclosing times of 3-pole AR in 1-pole AR mode, please
refer to Figure 3.26-13.
2. 3-pole AR
[CBx.79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 3-pole AR mode, line protection
device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 3-pole AR will be initiated.
After the dead time delay for 3-pole AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and then
the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [CBx.79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next
reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed,
and the device will output the signal of reclosing failure [CBx.79.Fail_Rcls].
[CBx.79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 3-pole AR mode, line
protection device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 3-pole AR will be
initiated. After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing
pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [CBx.79.t_Reclaim] to ready for
the next reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is
performed, and then 3-pole AR is initiated after the tripping contact drops off. After the time delay
for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse. The sequence is repeated until the
reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing number [CBx.79.N_Rcls] is reached.
3. 1/3-pole AR
[CBx.79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 1/3-pole AR mode, line protection
device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 1-pole AR will be initiated
for single-phase fault and 3-pole AR will be initiated for multi-phase fault. After respective dead
time delay for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will
drop off after the time delay [CBx.79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next reclosing. For permanent
fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed, and the device will
output the signal of reclosing failure [CBx.79.Fail_Rcls].
[CBx.79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 1/3-pole AR mode, line
protection device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and AR will be
initiated. After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing
pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [CBx.79.t_Reclaim] to ready for
the next reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is
performed, and then 3-pole AR is initiated after the tripping contact drops off. After the time delay
for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse. The sequence is repeated until the
reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing number [CBx.79.N_Rcls] is reached. For
the possible reclosing times of 3-pole AR in 1/3-pole AR mode, please refer to Figure 3.26-14.
The table below shows the number of reclose attempts with respect to the settings and AR modes.
Duplicated protection configurations are normally applied for UHV lines. If reclosing function is
integrated within line protections, the auto-reclosing function can be enabled in any or both of the
line protections without coordination.
If both sets of reclosing functions are enabled, when one of them first recloses onto a permanent
fault, the other will block the reclosing pulse according to the latest condition of the faulty phase.
For one-shot AR mode, if the current is detected in the faulty phase, AR will be blocked
immediately to prevent the circuit breaker from repetitive reclosing. For multi-shot AR mode, if the
current is detected in the faulty phase, the current reclosing pulse will be blocked and go into the
next reclosing pulse logic automatically. If the maximum permitted reclosing number
[CBx.79.N_Rcls] is reached, the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay
[CBx.79.t_Reclaim].
For one-shot or multi-shot AR, there is a corresponding reclosing counter at each stage. After
reclosing pulse is sent, the corresponding reclosing counter will plus 1 and the reclosing counter
may be cleared by the submenu “Clear Counter”. If the circuit breaker is reclosed by other
devices during AR initiation, the auto-reclosure will go into the next reclosing pulse logic.
The following two examples indicate typical time sequence of AR process for transient fault and
permanent fault respectively.
Signal
Fault
Trip
CB 52b
Open
CBx.79.t_Reclaim [CBx.79.t_Reclaim]
CBx.79.Active
CBx.79.Inprog [CBx.79.t_Dd_1PS1]
CBx.79.Inprog_1P [CBx.79.t_Dd_1PS1]
CBx.79.Ok_Chk
AR Out [CBx.79.t_PW_AR]
CBx.79.Perm_Trp3P
CBx.79.Fail_Rcls
Time
Signal
Fault
Trip
Open Open
52b
CBx.79.t_Reclaim [CBx.79.t_Reclaim]
CBx.79.Active
CBx.79.Inprog
CBx.79.Inprog_1P [CBx.79.t_Dd_1PS1]
CBx.79.Inprog_3PS2 [CBx.79.t_Dd_3PS2]
CBx.79.Ok_Chk
CBx.79.Perm_Trp3P
CBx.79.Fail_Rcls 200ms
Time
3.26.6 Settings
Table 3.26-3 Auto-reclosing settings
signal [79.CB_Healthy] is
de-energized and if it is not
energized within this time delay, AR
will be blocked.
Maximum wait time for synchronism
9 CBx.79.t_Wait_Chk 0.000~600.000 0.001 s
check
Time delay allow for CB status
10 CBx.79.t_Fail 0.000~600.000 0.001 s change to conform reclosing
successful
state
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling auto-reclosing
22 CBx.79.En 0 or 1 0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling AR by external
input signal besides logic setting
[79.En]
23 CBx.79.En_ExtCtrl 0 or 1
0: only logic setting
1: logic setting and external input
signal
Enabling/disabling AR be initiated by
open state of circuit breaker
24 CBx.79.En_CBInit 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Option of AR priority
None: single-breaker arrangement
None, High or High: master AR of multi-breaker
25 CBx.79.Opt_Priority
Low arrangement
Low: slave AR of multi-breaker
arrangement
Control option of AR mode
1: select AR mode by internal logic
26 CBx.79.SetOpt 0 or 1 settings
0: select AR mode by external input
signals
Enabling/disabling 1-pole AR mode
27 CBx.79.En_1PAR 0 or 1 0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling 3-pole AR mode
28 CBx.79.En_3PAR 0 or 1 0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling 1/3-pole AR
mode
29 CBx.79.En_1P/3PAR 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
TT
TT.Init TT.Alm
TT.En TT.Op
TT.Blk TT.On
3.27.5 Logic
3.27.6 Settings
Table 3.27-2 Settings of transfer trip
Note!
For double circuit breakers mode, the device will provide indenpendent trip logic for CB1
and CB2 respectively. Both trip logics have the same logic.The difference is that the prefix
“CBx.” is added to all signals for circuit breaker No.x (x=1 or 2). For trip logic settings, only
the setting [En_Trp3P] will be added the prefix “CBx.” for circuit breaker No.x, which
means that both circuit breakers corresponding to the same line protection can be set
different trip mode.
The device can implement phase-segregated tripping or three-phase tripping, and may output the
contact of blocking AR and the contact of initiating breaker failure protection.
TRP
CBx.TRP.En CBx.TrpA
CBx.TRP.Blk CBx.TrpB
CBx.PrepTrp3P CBx.Trp
CBx.BFI_C
CBx.BFI
CBx.Trp3P_PSFail
CBx.TRP.BlkAR
CBx.TRP.On
3.28.5 Logic
After tripping signal is issued, the tripping pulse will be kept as same as the setting [t_Dwell_Trp] at
least. When the time delay is expired, for phase-segregated tripping, the tripping signal will drop
off immediately if the faulty current of corresponding phase is less than 0.06In (In is secondary
rated current), otherwise the tripping signal will be always kept until the faulty current of
corresponding phase is less than 0.06In. For three-phase tripping, the tripping signal will drop off
immediately if three-phase currents are all less than 0.06In, otherwise the tripping signal will be
always kept until three-phase currents are all less than 0.06In.
& >=1
SIG FPS (phase A) &
& >=1
SIG FPS (phase B) &
& >=1
SIG FPS (phase C) &
SIG CBx.Trp
CBx.Trp3P_PSFail
>=1
&
200ms 0ms
SIG Line tripping element
&
SIG CBx.TrpA [t_Dwell_Trp] 0 & CBx.TrpA
SIG Ia<0.06In
&
SIG CBx.TrpB [t_Dwell_Trp] 0 & CBx.TrpB
SIG Ib<0.06In
&
SIG CBx.TrpC [t_Dwell_Trp] 0 & CBx.TrpC
SIG Ic<0.06In
EN [85.DEF.En_BlkAR]
EN [Yx.ZG.En_BlkAR]
EN [50/51Gm.En_BlkAR]
SIG 50PVT.Op
>=1
SIG 50GVT.Op
SIG 46BC.Op
SIG 81O.OFx.Op
>=1 >=1
SIG 81U.UFx.Op >=1 >=1
CBx.BlkAR
SIG TT.Op
SIG CBx.50BF.Op_t1
>=1
SIG CBx.50BF.Op_t2
SIG CBx.50DZ.Op
SIG 49-1.Op
>=1
SIG 49-2.Op
SIG 50STB.Op
SIG 32R2.Op
>=1 >=1
SIG 32R1.Op
SIG CBx.62PD.Op
SIG 59Pz.Op
>=1
SIG 27Pz.Op
SIG 59Q.Op
EN En_MPF_Blk_AR &
EN En_PhSF_Blk_AR &
Where:
x can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5
m can be 1, 2, 3 or 4
z can be 1, 2 or 3
3.28.6 Settings
Table 3.28-2 Settings of trip logic
VT circuit failure can be caused by many reasons, such as fuse blown due to short-circuit fault,
poor contact of VT circuit, VT maintenance and so on. The device can detect them and issue an
alarm signal to block relevant protection functions. However, the alarm of VT circuit failure should
not be issued when the following cases happen.
2. Only current protection functions are enabled and VT is not connected to the device.
Under normal conditions, the device detect residual voltage greater than 8% of Unn to determine
single-phase or two-phase VT circuit failure, and detect three times positive-sequence voltage less
than Unn to determine three-phase VT circuit failure. Upon detecting abnormality on VT circuit, an
alarm will comes up with the time delay [VTS.t_DPU] and drop off with the time delay [VTS.t_DDO]
after VT circuit restored to normal.
VT (secondary circuit) MCB auxiliary contact as a binary input can be connected to the binary
input circuit of the device. If MCB is open (i.e. [VTS.MCB_VT] is energized), the device will
consider the VT circuit is not in a good condition and issues an alarm without a time delay.
When VT is not connected into the device, the alarm will be not issued if the logic setting
[VTS.En_Out_VT] is set as “1”. However, the alarm is still issued if the binary input [VTS.MCB_VT]
is energized, no matter that the logic setting [VTS.En_Out_VT] is set as “1” or “0”.
When VT neutral point fails, third harmonic of residual voltage is comparatively large. If third
harmonic amplitude of residual voltage is larger than 0.2Unn and without operation of fault
detector element, VT neutral point failure alarm signal [VTNS.Alm] will be issued with the time
delay [VTS.t_DPU] and drop off with the time delay [VTS.t_DDO] after three phases voltage
restored to normal.
VTS VTNS
VTS.Blk VTNS.Blk
VTS.MCB_VT
logic etc.
VT supervision blocking input, it is triggered from binary input or programmable
2 VTS.Blk
logic etc.
VT neutral point supervision enabling input, it is triggered from binary input or
3 VTNS.En
programmable logic etc.
VT neutral point supervision blocking input, it is triggered from binary input or
4 VTNS.Blk
programmable logic etc.
5 VTS.MCB_VT Binary input for VT MCB auxiliary contact
No. Output Signal Description
1 VTS.Alm Alarm signal to indicate VT circuit fails
2 VTNS.Alm Alarm signal to indicate VT neutral point fails
3.29.5 Logic
&
SIG FD.Pkp >=1
SIG 79.Inprog
If the signal [FD.Pkp] or [79.Inprog] operates,
then circuit of time delay will be interrupted.
OTH U03>0.2Unn & >=1
[VTS.t_DPU] [VTS.t_DDO] & VTNS.Alm
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
EN [VTS.En]
&
SIG [VTNS.En]
SIG [VTNS.Blk]
If there is already a VTS alarm before FD operated, VTS will continue to block distance protection,
that is VTS will be latched when FD operates.
3.29.6 Settings
Table 3.29-2 VTS settings
Note!
For double circuit breakers mode, the device will provide indenpendent CT circuit
supervision function for CB1 and CB2 respectively. Both CT circuit supervision functions
have the same logic.The difference is that the prefix “CBx.” is added to all signals for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
3.30.5 Logic
3. Remote closing CB from SCADA (i.e., local HMI system) or control center (CC)
Programmable interlocking logics within a bay and amongst different bays are provided by using
PCS-Explorer.
Note!
For double circuit breakers mode, the device does not support control and synchrocheck
for manual closing.
High reliability is ensured by adopting the principle of selection before operation (abbreviated
SBO). When the binary input [BI_Maintenance] is energized as “1”, remote control from
SCADA/CC will be disabled, but local control will not be influenced.
1) The control source (SCADA/CC, or local LCD control operation, or manual control operation)
sends control selection command to this device
2) This device sends back the control selection result (success or failure) to the control source
after logic judgment
3) The control source sends control operation command to this device if the control selection
result is “success”. The control source will send control cancellation command to this device if
the control selection result is “failure”.
4) This device sends back the control operation result (success or failure) to the control source
after logic judgment.
Logic calculation result of interlocking is input to the remote control module as a criterion of remote
operation. When the enabling parameter of remote open/close interlock is “1”, remote control
module determines whether it can be output according to the calculation result of interlocking. If
the current breaker position or programmable part can meet the interlocking condition, remote
control can be output normally, otherwise remote operation is blocked. When the enabling
parameter of remote open/close interlock is “0”, interlocking function is disabled and remote
control will be output directly without the judgment of interlocking.
Holding time of each binary output contact can be set by configuring corresponding settings and is
often configured as 250ms. However, for the control circuits without latched relays, the holding
time must be longer to ensure successful control operation.
SIG BIinput.CILO.Disable
>=1
EN [CSWI01.En_Cls_Blk]
SIG CSWI01.CILO.EnCls
SIG BIinput.LocCtrl
&
SIG CSWI01.Cmd_LocCtrl
SET MCBrd.25.En_LvL_DdB
>=1
SET MCBrd.25.En_DdL_LvB >=1
SET MCBrd.25.En_DdL_DdB
SIG Sig_Ok_Chk
SET MCBrd.25.En_NoChk
SIG BIinput.CILO.Disable
>=1
EN [CSWIxx.En_Cls_Blk] &
[CSWIxx.t_PW_Cls] 0ms [CSWIxx.Op_Cls]
SIG CSWIxx.CILO.EnCls
SIG CSWIxx.Cmd_RmtCtrl
SIG CSWIxx.Cmd_LocCtrl
Where:
xx=02~10
Only the first closing command “CSWI01.Op_Cls” controlled by synchrocheck logic can be used
for CB closing.
After receiving a closing command, this device will continuously check whether the 2 voltages
(Incoming voltage and reference voltage) involved in synchronism check (or dead check) can meet
the criteria. Within the duration of [MCBrd.25.t_Wait_Chk], if the synchronism check (or dead
check) criteria are not met, the signal “Sig_Ok_Chk” will be set as “0”; if the synchronism check (or
dead check) criteria are met, the signal “Sig_Ok_Chk” will be set as “1”.
Access the menu “Local Cmd→Control” to issue control command locally, and this signal
“CSWIxx.Cmd_LocCtrl” will be set as “1”.
Remote control commands from SCADA/CC can be transmitted via IEC 60870-5-103 protocol or
IEC 61850 protocol, and this signal “CSWIxx.Cmd_RmtCtrl” will be set as “1”.
SIG BIinput.CILO.Disable
>=1
EN [CSWI01.En_Opn_Blk] &
[CSWI01.t_PW_Opn] 0ms [CSWI01.Op_Opn]
SIG CSWI01.CILO.EnOpn
SIG CSWI01.Cmd_RmtCtrl
SIG CSWI01.Cmd_LocCtrl
SIG BIinput.CILO.Disable
>=1
EN [CSWIxx.En_Opn_Blk] &
[CSWIxx.t_PW_Opn] 0ms [CSWIxx.Op_Opn]
SIG CSWIxx.CILO.EnOpn
SIG CSWIxx.Cmd_RmtCtrl
SIG CSWIxx.Cmd_LocCtrl
Where:
xx=01~10
The control output fulfills signal output circuit, and opens or closes circuit breaker, disconnector
and earth switch according to the control command. Object manipulation strictly performs three
steps: selection, check and excute, and perform output relay check, to ensure that the remote
control can be excuted safely and reliably.
When logic interlock is enabled, the device can receive the programmable interlock logic. The
device can automatically initiate the interlock logic to determine whether to allow control
operations. The device provides corresponding settings ([CSWIxx.En_Opn_Blk] and
[CSWIxx.En_Cls_Blk]) for each control object. When they are set as “1”, the interlock function of
the corresponding control object is enabled. The interlock logic can be configured by using
PCS-Explorer, and downloaded to the device via the Ethernet port. If the interlock function is
enabled, but it is not configured the interlock logic, the result of the logic output is 0.
The control record is a file which is used to store remote control command records of this device
circularly. If the record number is to 256, the storage area of the control record will be full. If this
device has received a new remote command, this device will delete the oldest remote control
record, and then store the latest remote control record.
There are 10 configuration pages corresponding to 10 control outputs in totall respectively. Each
configuration page can finish some signals configuration, including remote control, local control,
disable interlock blocking, and so on.
In order to conveniently configure control output, the same output signals, including
“BIinput.RmtCtrl”, “BIinput.LocCtrl” and “BIinput.CILO.Disable”, are available after processing
binary signals internally, as shown in figure below.
The configuration rule about remote control and local control to binary outputs is as bellow:
Remot Local
CSWIxx. BIinput. CSWIxx. BIinput. Control Mode
RmtCtrl RmtCtrl LocCtrl LocCtrl
X X X X Neither Local control nor remote control are permissible.
0 X X X
Only local control is permissible.
X 0 X X
1 X X X
Only remote control is permissible.
X 1 X X
X X 0 X
Only remote control is permissible.
X X X 0
X X 1 X
Only local control is permissible.
X X X 1
0 X 0 X
0 X X 0
Neither Local control nor remote control are permissible.
X 0 0 X
X 0 X 0
0 X 1 X
X 0 1 X
Only local control is permissible.
0 X X 1
X 0 X 1
1 X 0 X
1 X X 0
Only remote control is permissible.
X 1 0 X
X 1 X 0
1 X 1 X
1 X X 1
Both Local control and remote control are permissible.
X 1 1 X
X 1 X 1
For remote control or local control, they can be configured by either of “CSWIxx.RmtCtrl” and
“BIinput.RmtCtrl”, or either of “CSWIxx.LocCtrl” and “BIinput.LocCtrl”.
2. Synchrocheck
Three synchrocheck modes are designed for CB closing: no check mode, dead check mode and
synchronism check mode, if any one of the condition of three synchrocheck modes satisfied, then
synchrocheck signal “Sig_Ok_Chk” will be asserted.
The synchronism check function measures the conditions across the circuit breaker and compares
them with the corresponding settings. The output is only given if all measured quantities are
simultaneously within their set limits. Compared to the synchronism check for auto-reclosing, an
additional criterion is applied to check the rate of frequency change (df/dt) between both sides of
the CB.
When the following four conditions are all met, the synchronism check is successful.
1) Phase angle difference between incoming voltage and reference voltage is less than the
setting [MCBrd.25.phi_Diff]
2) Frequency difference between incoming voltage and reference voltage is less than
[MCBrd.25.f_Diff]
3) Voltage difference between between incoming voltage and reference voltage is less than
[MCBrd.25.U_Diff]
4) Rate of frequency change between incoming voltage and reference voltage is less than
[MCBrd.25.df/dt]
The dead check function measures the amplitude of line voltage and bus voltage at both sides of
the circuit breaker, and then compare them with the live check setting [MCBrd.25.U_Lv] and the
dead check setting [MCBrd.25.U_Dd]. The dead check is successful when the measured
quantities comply with the criteria.
When this device is set to work in no check mode and receives a closing command, CB will be
closed without synchronism check and dead check.
Synchrocheck for manual closing also supports voltage switching. In general, voltage switching is
fulfilled by external circuit ([CBConfigMode]=NoVoltSel). If using this module to fulfill voltage
switching, the busbar arrangement should be determined by the setting [CBConfigMode],
including:
Analog input defines four voltage inputs, UL1, UB1, UL2, UB2, and their usage are as follow:
UL1: it connects with three-phase protection voltages (from line or busbar), which mainly are used
by distance protection, voltage protection and so on. According to the voltage switching result,
synchrocheck logic choose one voltage to be used for synchrocheck function, synchrocheck
function requires to judgment the phase identification information of the voltage, which is
determined by the setting [25.Opt_Source_UL1]. If voltage switching function is not used, the
reference voltage will be selected from UL1 fixedly.
UB1: according to the voltage switching result, synchrocheck logic determined whether the voltage
is used for synchrocheck function. Synchrocheck function requires to judgment the phase
identification information of the voltage, which is determined by the setting [25.Opt_Source_UB1].
If voltage switching function is not used, UB1 will be taken as the synchronism voltage.
UL2: according to the voltage switching result, synchrocheck logic determined whether the voltage
is used for synchrocheck function. Synchrocheck function requires to judgment the phase
identification information of the voltage, which is determined by the setting [25.Opt_Source_UL2].
When voltage switching is available, it is only available for 1½ breakers arrangement, it is fixedly
connected to the voltage of the other line of the same diameter in 1½ breakers arrangement.
UB2: according to the voltage switching result, synchrocheck logic determined whether the voltage
is used for synchrocheck function. Synchrocheck function requires to judgment the phase
identification information of the voltage, which is determined by the setting [25.Opt_Source_UB2].
When voltage switching is available, it is connected to synchronism voltage for double busbars
arrangement or 1½ breakers arrangement.
Synchrocheck for manual closing supports voltage switching function, and the switching logic is as
same as that of synchrocheck for protection closing. The setting [CBConfigMode] should be set
according to the actual primary busbar arrangement, otherwise, the voltage switching of
synchrocheck for manual closing will fail, so as to block manual closing with synchrocheck.
During dead charge check, when only single-phase voltage is connected to UL1, live voltage is
valid if the setting [VTS.En] should be set as “0” and the connected single-phase voltage is higher
than the setting [MCBrd.25.U_Lv], otherwise, live voltage is regarded as live only when three
phases voltages are all higher than [MCBrd.25.U_Lv].
CSWIxx
CILO.EnOpn Op_Opn
CILO.EnCls Op_Cls
RmtCtrl
LocCtrl
CILO.Disable
xx can be from 02 to 10
5 BIinput.CILO.Disable gained. If some binary output need not be controlled by three signals,
please cancle the configuration by PCS-Explorer, and configure it
independently.
3.31.5 Settings
Table 3.31-2 Control settings
0: disable
1: enable
(xx=01, 02….10)
Enabling/disabling No.xx closing output of the
BO module be controlled by the interlocking
logic
5 CSWIxx.En_Cls_Blk 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
(xx=01, 02….10)
The logic makes the device ideal for single-phase tripping applications.
1) Phase A: ∆UOPA
2) Phase B: ∆UOPB
3) Phase C: ∆UOPC
If ∆UOΦMAX is several times higher than the variation of operating voltages of other two phases, the
single-phase fault is ensured, otherwise, the multi-phase fault is ensured.
∆UOPA Phase A
∆UOPB Phase B
∆UOPC Phase C
∆UOPAB Phase AB
∆UOPBC Phase BC
∆UOPCA Phase CA
The phase selection algorithm uses the angle relation between I0 and I2A of the device. As shown
in Figure 3.32-1, there are three faulty phase selection regions.
Depended on the phase relation between I0 and I2A, the faulty phase can be determined.
For single-phase earth fault, I0 and I2 of faulty phase are in-phase and its distance element
operates.
For phase to phase to earth fault, I0 and I2 of non-faulty phase are in-phase but its distance
element does not operate.
PhSel
PhSA
PhSB
PhSC
GndFlt
The fault location is an essential function to various line protection devices, after selecting faulty
phase, it measures and indicates the distance to the fault with high accuracy. Thus, the fault can
be quickly located for repairs. The calculation algorithm considers the effect of load currents,
double-end infeed and additional fault resistance. Both double-end fault location and single-end
fault location are available in line differential relay, but only single-end fault location is provided in
other relays.
[km]
Where:
Zcalc: The impedance value calculated from the location of protection device to fault point
When an earth fault occurred on a line of parallel lines arrangement, a distance relay at one end of
the faulty line will tend to underreach whilst the distance relay at the other end will tend to
overreach. Usually the degree of underreach or overreach is acceptable, however, for cases
where precise fault location is required for long lines with high mutual coupling, mutual
compensation is then required to improve the distance measurement. Practically, the mutual effect
between the parallel lines is insignificant to positive and negative sequence and thus the mutual
compensation is only for zero sequence
The principle in the application of mutual compensation is shown as follows with the aid of
following sequence network diagram figure. The diagram indicates a parallel lines arrangement
with an earth fault at location k on line CD.
The equivalent sequence network for an earth fault on a parallel lines arrangement with single
source is shown as below.
Ia1 ZL1
ZS1
kZL1 (1-k)ZL1
Ic1
Ia2 ZL2
ZS2
kZL2 (1-k)ZL2
Ic2
Ia0 ZL0
ZS0
Z0M
kZL0 (1-k)ZL0
Ic0
The device at location C without mutual compensation will have voltage URC and current IRC
measured as shown in the expression
The residual current from the parallel line should be added to the device. It should be connected to
terminal 08 and star point of the parallel line CT connected to terminal 07 as shown in the following
figure. Please note the connection diagram and the terminal numbers are for reference only. The
final connection terminals are subject to the device configuration at site.
P2 S2 P2 S2
P1 S1 P1 S1
02 01 02 01
04 03 04 03
06 05 06 05
08 07 08 07
4 Supervision
Table of Contents
4 Supervision ...................................................................................... 4-a
4.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Supervision Alarms ......................................................................................... 4-1
4.3 Relay Self-supervision.................................................................................... 4-7
4.3.1 Relay Hardware Monitoring................................................................................................ 4-7
List of Tables
Table 4.2-1 Alarm description ...................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Overview
Protection system is in quiescent state under normal conditions, and it is required to respond
promptly for faults occurred on power system. When the device is in energizing process before the
LED “HEALTHY” is on, the device need to be checked to ensure no abnormality. Therefore, the
automatic supervision function, which checks the health of the protection system when startup and
during normal operation, plays an important role.
The numerical relay based on the microprocessor operations is suitable for implementing this
automatic supervision function of the protection system.
In case a defect is detected during initialization when DC power supply is provided to the device,
the device will be blocked with indication and alarm of relay out of service. It is suggested a trial
recovery of the device by re-energization. Please contact supplier if the device is still failure.
When a failure is detected by the automatic supervision, it is followed by a LCD message, LED
indication and alarm contact outputs. The failure alarm is also recorded in event recording report
and can be printed If required.
A minor abnormality may block a certain number of protections functions while the other functions
can still work. However, if severe hardware failure or abnormality, such as PWR module failure,
DC converter failure and so on, are detected, all protection functions will be blocked and the LED
“HEALTHY” will be extinguished and blocking output contacts BO_FAIL will be given. The
protective device then can not work normally and maintenance is required to eliminate the failure.
All the alarm signals and the corresponding handling suggestions are listed below.
Note!
If the device is blocked or alarm signal is sent during operation, please do find out its
reason with the help of self-diagnostic record. If the reason can not be found at site, please
notify the factory NR. Please do not simply press button “TARGET RESET” on the
protection panel or re-energize on the device.
instantaneously.
The error is found during MON module checking
settings of device.
16 Alm_Settings_MON Unblocked
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will
be latched unless re-powering or rebooting the device.
The error is found during checking the version of
software downloaded to the device.
17 Alm_Version Unblocked
This signal will pick up instantaneously and will drop off
instantaneously.
The active group set by settings in device and that set
by binary input are not matched.
18 Alm_BI_SettingGrp Unblocked
This signal will pick up instantaneously and will drop off
instantaneously.
Data frame is abnormal between two DSP modules.
19 Alm_DSP_Frame This signal will pick up instantaneously and will drop off Unblocked
instantaneously.
The power supply of BI plug-in module in slot xx is
abnormal.
20 Bxx.Alm_OptoDC Unblocked
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
Fault detector element operates for longer than 50s.
21 Alm_Pkp_FD This signal will pick up with a time delay of 50s and will Unblocked
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
Neutral current fault detector element operates for
longer than 10s.
22 Alm_Pkp_I0 Unblocked
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
Protection VT circuit fails.
23 VTS.Alm This signal will pick up with a time delay [VTS.t_DPU] Unblocked
and will drop off with a time delay [VTS.t_DDO].
Protection VT circuit of neutral point fails.
24 VTNS.Alm This signal will pick up with a time delay [VTS.t_DPU] Unblocked
and will drop off with a time delay [VTS.t_DDO].
CT circuit of corresponding circuit breaker No.x fails.
25 CBx.CTS.Alm This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will Unblocked
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
The auxiliary normally closed contact (52b) of
corresponding circuit breaker No.x is abnormal.
26 CBx.Alm_52b Unblocked
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
The device is in maintenance state.
27 BI_Maintenance This signal will pick up with a time delay of 150ms and Unblocked
will drop off with a time delay of 150ms.
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 1.25s and will
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
Reference voltage circuit corresponding to circuit
breaker No.x is abnormal.
46 CBx.25.Alm_VTS_Uref Unblocked
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 1.25s and will
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
Auto-reclosing corresponding to circuit breaker No.x
47 CBx.79.Fail_Rcls Unblocked
fails.
Synchrocheck for AR corresponding to circuit breaker
48 CBx.79.Fail_Chk Unblocked
No.x fails.
Input signal of receiving transfer trip is energized for
49 TT.Alm longer than 4s and it will drop off with a time delay of Unblocked
10s.
3. Re-power the device and the device will restore to normal operation state.
12 MCBrd.Fail_Settings Please inform the manufacturer or the agent for repair.
Alarm Signals
The signal is issued with other specific alarm signals, and please refer to the
13 Alm_Device
handling suggestion other specific alarm signals.
14 Alm_Insuf_Memory Please replace MON plug-in module.
No special treatment is needed, and disable the communication test function
15 Alm_CommTest
after the completion of the test.
16 Alm_Settings_MON Please inform the manufacture or the agent for repair.
Users may pay no attention to the alarm signal in the project commissioning
stage, but it is needed to download the latest package file (including correct
version checksum file) provided by R&D engineer to make the alarm signal
17 Alm_Version
disappear. Then users get the correct software version. It is not allowed that
the alarm signal is issued on the device already has been put into service. the
devices having being put into service so that the alarm signal disappears.
Please check the value of setting [Active_Grp] and binary input of indiating
active group, and make them matched. Then the “ALARM” LED will be
18 Alm_BI_SettingGrp
extinguished and the corresponding alarm message will disappear and the
device will restore to normal operation state.
19 Alm_DSP_Frame Please inform the manufacture or the agent for repair.
1. check whether the binary input module is connected to the power supply.
2. check whether the voltage of power supply is in the required range.
20 Bxx.Alm_OptoDC 3. After the voltage for binary input module restores to normal range, the
“ALARM” LED will be extinguished and the corresponding alarm message will
disappear and the device will restore to normal operation state.
Please check secondary values and protection settings. If settings are not set
reasonable to make fault detectors pick up, please reset settings, and then
21 Alm_Pkp_FD
the alarm message will disappear and the device will restore to normal
operation state.
Please check secondary values and protection settings. If settings are not set
reasonable to make fault detectors pick up, please reset settings, and then
22 Alm_Pkp_I0
the alarm message will disappear and the device will restore to normal
operation state.
Please check the corresponding VT secondary circuit. After the abnormality is
23 VTS.Alm
eliminated, the device returns to normal operation state.
Please check the corresponding VT secondary circuit of neutral point. After
24 VTNS.Alm
the abnormality is eliminated, the device returns to normal operation state.
Please check the corresponding CT secondary circuit. After the abnormality is
25 CBx.CTS.Alm
eliminated, the device returns to normal operation state.
Please check the auxiliary contact of CB. After the abnormality is eliminated,
26 CBx.Alm_52b
the device returns to normal operation state.
After maintenance is finished, please de-energized the binary input
27 BI_Maintenance [BI_Maintenance] and then the alarm will disappear and the device restore to
normal operation state.
1. check whether the selected clock synchronization mode matches the clock
synchronization source;
2. check whether the wiring connection between the device and the clock
synchronization source is correct
28 Alm_TimeSyn 3. check whether the setting for selecting clock synchronization (i.e.
[Opt_TimeSyn]) is set correctly. If there is no clock synchronization, please
set the setting [Opt_TimeSyn] as ”No TimeSyn”.
When any fault detector picks up for longer than 50s, an alarm will be issued [Alm_Pkp_FD]
without the device blocked.
checked to be unreasonable or out of setting scopes, a corresponding alarm signal will be issued,
and the device is also blocked.
If 52b of three phases are energized that indicates circuit breaker is open but there is still current
detected in the line (the measured current is greater than a settable threshold value) or
three-phase circuit breaker is in pole disagreement, an alarm signal [Alm_52b] will be issued after
10 seconds.
5 Management
Table of Contents
5 Management ..................................................................................... 5-a
5.1 Measurement ................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.1 Root-Mean-Square Values ................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Measurement
PCS-902 performs continuous measurement of the analogue input quantities. The current full
scale of relay is 40 times of rated current, and there is no effect to the performance of IED due to
overflowing of current full scale. The device samples 24 points per cycle and calculates the RMS
value in each interval and updated the LCD display in every 0.5 second. The measurement data
can be displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or on the local/remote PC via software tool.
Navigate the menu to view the sampling value through LCD screen.
Note!
This device can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit
breakers application by PCS-Explorer. For double circuit breakers mode, the prefix “CBx.”
is added to related measurement quantities for circuit breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
“Measurements1” is used to display measured values from protection calculation DSP (displayed
in secondary value)
“Measurements2” is used to display measured values from fault detector DSP (displayed in
secondary value)
No. Symbol Definition Resolution Unit
“Measurements1” is used to display measured values from protection calculation DSP (displayed
in secondary value)
“Measurements2” is used to display measured values from fault detector DSP (displayed in
secondary value)
No. Symbol Definition Resolution Unit
“Measurements3” is used to display measured primary values and other calculated quantities
related to the measurement and control.
1 CBx.Ia The primary value of phase-A current for circuit breaker No.x 0.000 A
2 CBx.Ib The primary value of phase-B current for circuit breaker No.x 0.000 A
3 CBx.Ic The primary value of phase-C current for circuit breaker No.x 0.000 A
11 3I0Adj The primary value of residual current from parallel line 0.000 A
5.2 Recording
5.2.1 Overview
PCS-902 provides the following recording functions:
1. Event recording
2. Disturbance recording
3. Present recording
All the recording information except waveform can be viewed on local LCD or by printing.
Waveform could only be printed or extracted with PCS-Explorer software tool and a waveform
analysis software.
The device can store the latest 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events, 256 control logs and 1024 device logs. All the records are stored in non-volatile memory,
and when the available space is exhausted, the oldest record is automatically overwritten by the
latest one.
When any protection element operates or drops off, such as fault detector, distance protection etc.,
they will be logged in event records.
The device is under automatic supervision all the time. If there are any failure or abnormal
condition detected, such as, chip damaged, VT circuit failure and so on, it will be logged in event
records.
When there is a binary input is energized or de-energized, i.e., its state has changed from “0” to “1”
or from “1” to “0”, it will be logged in event records.
When the total number of control command records reaches 256, “Control_Logs” memory area
will be full. If the device receives a new control command now, the oldest control command record
will be deleted, and then the latest control command record will be stored and displayed.
If an operator implements some operations on the device, such as reboot protective device,
modify setting, etc., they will be logged in event records.
Disturbance records can be used to have a better understanding of the behavior of the power
network and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. Analysis of
the recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to improve existing equipment.
This information can also be used when planning for and designing new installations.
5.2.3.2 Design
A disturbance record consists of fault record and fault waveform. The disturbance record can be
initiated by fault detector element, tripping element, reclosing element or configurable signal
[BI_TrigDFR].
The device can store up to 32 disturbance records with waveform in non-volatile memory. It is
based on first in first out queue that the oldest disturbance record will be overwritten by the latest
one.
1. Sequence number
Each operation will be recorded with a sequence number in the record and displayed on LCD
screen.
The time resolution is 1ms using the relay internal clock synchronized via clock synchronized
device if connected. The date and time is recorded when a system fault is detected.
An operating time (not including the operating time of output relays) is recorded in the record.
4. Faulty phase
5. Fault location
To get accurate result of fault location, the following settings shall be set correctly:
6. Protection elements
MON module can store 32 pieces of fault waveform oscillogram in non-volatile memory. If a new
fault occurs when 32 fault waveform have been stored, the oldest will be overwritten by the latest
one.
Each fault record consists of all analog and digital quantities related to protection, such as original
current and voltage, differential current, alarm elements, and binary inputs and etc.
Each waveform recording includes 12-cycles pre-fault waveform and post-waveform that is 250
cycles at least, and a completed waveform recording can record 500 cycles at most. Each cycle
waveform is high-frequency recording at a rate of 1200Hz or 1440Hz (24 points per cycle).
Each waveform recording includes 12-cycles pre-fault waveform and 250-cycles post-fault
waveform. Each cycle waveform is high-frequency recording at a rate of 1200Hz or 1440Hz (24
points per cycle).
6 Hardware
Table of Contents
6 Hardware .......................................................................................... 6-a
6.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Typical Wiring .................................................................................................. 6-4
6.2.1 Conventional CT/VT (For reference only) .......................................................................... 6-4
List of Figures
Figure 6.1-1 Rear view of fixed module position ....................................................................6-1
Figure 6.3-9 View of AI plug-in module for one CT group input (NR1401) ..........................6-16
Figure 6.3-13 View of AI plug-in module for one CT group input (NR1408) ........................6-19
Figure 6.3-16 View of AI plug-in module for two CT group input (NR1401) ........................6-22
Figure 6.3-19 View of AI plug-in module for two CT group input (NR1401) ........................6-24
List of Tables
Table 6.3-1 Terminal definition and description of PWR plug-in module ............................6-10
6.1 Overview
PCS-902 adopts 32-bit microchip processor CPU produced by FREESCALE as control core for
management and monitoring function, meanwhile, adopts high-speed digital signal processor DSP
for all the protection calculation. 24 points are sampled in every cycle and parallel processing of
sampled data can be realized in each sampling interval to ensure ultrahigh reliability and safety of
the device.
PCS-902 is comprised of intelligent plug-in modules, except that few particular plug-in modules’
position cannot be changed in the whole device (gray plug-in modules as shown in Figure 6.1-1),
other plug-in modules like AI (analog input) and IO (binary input and binary output) can be flexibly
configured in the remaining slot positions.
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BO module
BO module
AI module
BI module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
PCS-902 has 16 slots, PWR plug-in module, MON plug-in module, DSP plug-in module and CH
plug-in module are assigned at fixed slots.
Besides 5 fixed modules are shown in above figure, there are 12 slots can be flexibly configured.
AI plug-in module, BI plug-in module and BO plug-in module can be configured at position
between slot 02, 03 and 06~15. It should be pay attention that AI plug-in module will occupy two
slots.
This device is developed on the basis of our latest software and hardware platform, and the new
platform major characteristics are of high reliability, networking and great capability in
anti-interference. See Figure 6.1-2 for hardware diagram.
Output Relay
Binary Input
External
Protection
Conventional CT/VT A/D Calculation
DSP
ECVT
Fault
A/D Detector Pickup
DSP Relay
ECVT
ETHERNET
LCD +E
Clock SYN
Power
Uaux LED CPU
Supply
RJ45
Keypad
PRINT
The working process of the device is as shown in above figure: current and voltage from
conventional CT/VT are converted into small voltage signal and sent to DSP module after filtered
and A/D conversion for protection calculation and fault detector respectively (ECVT signal is sent
to the device without small signal and A/D convertion). When DSP module completes all the
protection calculation, the result will be recorded in 32-bit CPU on MON module. DSP module
carries out fault detector, protection logic calculation, tripping output, and MON module perfomes
SOE (sequence of event) record, waveform recording, printing, communication between the
device and SAS and communication between HMI and CPU. When fault detector detects a fault
and picks up, positive power supply for output relay is provided.
The items can be flexibly configured depending on the situations like sampling method of the
device (conventional CT/VT or ECT/EVT), and the mode of binary output (conventional binary
output or GOOSE binary output). The configurations for PCS-900 series based on microcomputer
are classified into standard and optional modules.
3 NR1161 Protection calculation and fault detector module (DSP module) standard
MON module provides functions like communication with SAS, event record, setting
management etc.
AI module converts AC current and voltage from current transformers and voltage
transformers respectively to small voltage signal.
DSP module performs filtering, sampling, protection calculation and fault detector calculation.
CH module performs information exchange with the remote device through a dedicated
optical fibre channel, multiplex optical fibre channel or PLC channel.
BI module provides binary inputs via opto-couplers with rating voltage among
24V/110V/125V/220V/250V (configurable).
BO module provides output contacts for tripping, and signal output contact for annunciation
signal, remote signal, fault and disturbance signal, operation abnormal signal etc.
PWR module converts DC 250/220/125/110V into various DC voltage levels for modules of
the device.
HMI module is comprised of LCD, keypad, LED indicators and multiplex RJ45 ports for user
as human-machine interface.
NET-DSP module receives and sends GOOSE messages, sampled values (SV) from
merging unit by IEC61850-9-2 protocol.
PCS-902 is made of a 4U height 19” chassis for flush mounting. Components mounted on its front
include a 320×240 dot matrix LCD, a 9 button keypad, 20 LED indicators and a multiplex RJ45
port. A monolithic micro controller is installed in the equipment for these functions.
1 11
HEALTHY PCS-902
2 12
ALARM
3 13
4 14
GRP
5 15
6 16 ENT
ESC
7 17
8 18
9 19
10 20
20 LED indicators are, from top to bottom, operation (HEALTHY), self-supervision (ALARM),
others are configurable.
For the 9-button keypad, “ENT” is “enter”, “GRP” is “group number” and “ESC” is “escape”.
NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1161 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
5V OK ALM
TX
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
RX
ON
TX
OFF
RX
DANGER
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1161 NR1504 NR1521A NR1521C NR1521C NR1521F NR1301
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BO module
BO module
AI module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
…
CH-TX
…
0203
0204 Ib BI_12 + 0814
0205
To parallel line Ic Not used 0815
0206
0207 BI_13 + 0816
From parallel line 0208 IM0
…
0213
Protection Voltage
Controlled by fault
0218
detector element
BO_01 1102
1103
0219
Synchronism Voltage
BO_02 1104
0220 UB1
…
1121
0221 BO_11
UL2 1122
0222
0223
1201
Signal Binary Output
0224 UB2
BO_01 1202
1203
PWR+ P110 BO_02
External DC power Power 1204
…
B 0102
COM
1503
SGND 0103 BO_CtrlCls1 1504
0104
…
BO_CtrlOpn5 1518
SYN- 0102
SGND 0103 1519
BO_CtrlCls5 1520
0104
1521
PRINTER
TXD 0106
Multiplex P112
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front)
0225
Grounding
Bus
PCS-902 (conventional CT/VT and conventional binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
PCS-902 (conventional CT/VT and GOOSE binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
NET-DSP Module
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
terminal
CH-RX BI_03 + 0805
…
BI_11 + 0821
Phase A RX
Phase B
(LC Type)
Up to 8
Phase C TX 1101
Controlled by fault
detector element
BO_01 1102
…
1103
BO_02 1104
…
1121
BO_11 1122
PWR+ P110
External DC power Power
1201
…
1221
P102 BO_FAIL BO_11 1222
P103 BO_ALM
P101 COM 1501
P105 BO_FAIL BO_CtrlOpn1 1502
P106
Signal Binary Output (option)
BO_ALM 1503
P104 COM BO_CtrlCls1 1504
…
A 0101
B 0102 1517
COM
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
BO_CtrlOpn5 1518
SGND 0103
0104 1519
BO_CtrlCls5 1520
SYN+ 0101 1521
Clock SYN
RTS 0105
PRINT
P112
TXD 0106
Multiplex
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front) 0225 Grounding
Bus
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1161 NR1213 NR1136 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
NET-
MON DSP CH BI BI BO BO BO BO PWR
DSP
In the protection system adopting electronic current and voltage transformer (ECT/EVT), the
merging unit will merge the sample data from ECT/EVT, and then send it to the device through
multi-mode optical fibre. DSP module receives the data from merging unit through the optical-fibre
interface to complete the protection calculation and fault detector.
The difference between the hardware platform based on ECT/EVT and the hardware platform
based on conventional CT/VT lies in the receiving module of sampled values only, and the device
receives the sampled value from merging unit through multi-mode optical fibre.
6.2.3 CT Requirement
-Rated primary current Ipn:
-Rated short-time thermal current Ith and rated dynamic current Idyn:
Performance verification
For example:
= 30×5×(1+60/25)=510V
Esl′ = 2×Ipcf×Isn×(Rct+Rb)/Ipn
= 2×Ipcf ×Isn×(Rct+(Rr+2×RL+Rc))/Ipn
= 2×40000×5×(1+(0.1+2×0.5+0.1))/2000=440V
The +5V DC output provides power supply for all the electrical elements that need +5V DC power
supply in this device.
The use of an external miniature circuit breaker is recommended. The miniature circuit breaker
must be in the on position when the device is in operation and in the off position when the device is
in cold reserve.
A 12-pin connector is fixed on PWR module. The terminal definition of the connector is described
as below.
NR1301
5V OK ALM
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
ON
OFF
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
The power switch in the dotted box of above figure maybe is not existed.
01
BO_FAIL
02
BO_ALM
03
04
BO_FAIL
05
BO_ALM
06
Note!
The standard rated voltage of PWR module is self-adaptive to 88~300 Vdc. If input voltage
is out of range, an alarm signal (Fail_Device) will be issued. For non-standard rated
voltage power supply module please specify when place order, and check if the rated
voltage of power supply module is the same as the voltage of power source before the
device being put into service.
PWR module provides terminal 12 and grounding screw for device grounding. Terminal 12
shall be connected to grounding screw and then connected to the earth copper bar of
panel via dedicated grounding wire.
Effective grounding is the most important measure for a device to prevent EMI, so effective
grounding must be ensured before the device is put into service.
PCS-902, like almost all electronic relays, contains electrolytic capacitors. These
capacitors are well known to be subject to deterioration over time if voltage is not applied
periodically. Deterioration can be avoided by powering the relays up once a year.
MON module uses the internal bus to receive the data from other modules of the device. It
communicates with the LCD module by RS-485 bus. This module comprises 100BaseT Ethernet
interfaces, RS-485 communication interfaces that exchange information with above system by
using IEC 61850, PPS/IRIG-B differential time synchronization interface and RS-232 printing
interface.
Modules with various combinations of memory and interface are available as shown in the table
below.
TX
ETHERNET ETHERNET
RX
TX
RX
ETHERNET
04
05 A
06 B
RS-485 To SCADA
07 SGND
08
09 SYN+
10 SYN- To clock
RS-485
11 SGND synchronization
12
13 RTS
RS-232 14 TXD To printer Cable
15 SGND
16
The correct connection is shown in Figure 6.3-4. Generally, the shielded cable with two pairs of
twisted pairs inside shall be applied. One pair of the twisted pairs are respectively used to connect
the “+” and “–” terminals of difference signal. The other pair of twisted pairs are used to connect
the signal ground of the communication interface. The module reserves a free terminal for all the
communication ports. The free terminal has no connection with any signal of the device, and it is
used to connect the external shields of the cable when connecting multiple devices in series. The
external shield of the cable shall be grounded at one of the ends only.
B 02
COM
SGND 03
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
04
SYN- 02
SGND 03
04
Cable
RTS 05
PRINT
TXD 06
SGND 07
For AI module, if the plug is not put in the socket, external CT circuit is closed itself. Just shown as
below.
Plug
Socket
In
Out
In
Out
There are three types of AI module with rating 1A (NR1401), 5A (NR1401) or 1A/5A (NR1408).
Please declare which kind of AI module is needed before ordering. Maximum linear range of the
current converter is 40In.
1. One CT group input without synchronism voltage switchover (optional NR1401 or NR1408)
NR1401
For one CT group input, three phase currents (Ia, Ib and Ic) and residual current from parallel line
(for mutual compensation) are input to AI module separately. Terminal 01, 03, 05 and 07 are
polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) for protection calculation and one synchronism voltage are
input to AI module. The synchronism voltage could be any phase-to-ground voltage or
phase-to-phase voltage.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
In order to accurately locate the fault for parallel lines arrangement, residual current from parallel
line is required to be connected to the device to eliminate the mutual effect between the parallel
lines. Otherwise, residual current from parallel line is not necessary.
P2 S2 P2 S2
P1 S1 P1 S1
02 01 02 01
04 03 04 03
06 05 06 05
08 07 08 07
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
Ia 01 Ian 02
NR1401
Ib 03 Ibn 04
Ic 05 Icn 06
IM0 07 IM0n 08
09 10
11 12
Ua 13 Uan 14
Ub 15 Ubn 16
Uc 17 Ucn 18
Us 19 Usn 20
21 22
23 24
Figure 6.3-9 View of AI plug-in module for one CT group input (NR1401)
NR1408
For one CT group input, three phase currents (Ia, Ib and Ic) and residual current from parallel line
(for mutual compensation) are input to AI module separately. Terminal 01 (or 03), 05 (or 07), 09 (or
11) and 13 (or 15) are polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at
line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) for protection calculation and one synchronism voltage are
input to AI module. The synchronism voltage could be any phase-to-ground voltage or
phase-to-phase voltage.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
In order to accurately locate the fault for parallel lines arrangement, residual current from parallel
line is required to be connected to the device to eliminate the mutual effect between the parallel
lines. Otherwise, residual current from parallel line is not necessary.
P2 S2 P2 S2
P1 S1 P1 S1
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Ia-1A 01 Ian-1A 02
NR1408
Ia-5A 03 Ian-5A 04
Ib-1A 05 Ibn-1A 06
Ib-5A 07 Ibn-5A 08
Ic-1A 09 Icn-1A 10
Ic-5A 11 Icn-5A 12
IM0-1A 13 IM0n-1A 14
IM0-5A 15 IM0n-5A 16
Ua 17 Uan 18
Ub 19 Ubn 20
Uc 21 Ucn 22
Us 23 Usn 24
Figure 6.3-13 View of AI plug-in module for one CT group input (NR1408)
For two circuit breakers configuration with two CT groups input, three phase currents
corresponding to CB1 and CB2 respectively (Ia1, Ib1, Ic1 and Ia2, Ib2, Ic2) are input to AI module.
Terminal 01, 03, 05, 07, 09 and 11 are polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT
installed on line is at line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) are input to AI module. UB1, UB2 and UL2 are the
synchronism voltage from bus VT and line VT used for synchrocheck, it could be any
phase-to-ground voltage or phase-to-phase voltage. The device can automatically switch
synchronism voltage according to auxiliary contact of CB position or DS position.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
P2 P1 P1 P2 A
S2 S1 S1 S2 C
02 01
04 03
06 05
08 07
10 09
12 11
A B C A B C
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Ia1 01 Ia1n 02
NR1401
Ib1 03 Ib1n 04
Ic1 05 Ic1n 06
Ia2 07 Ia2n 08
Ib2 09 Ib2n 10
Ic2 11 Ic2n 12
Ua 13 Uan 14
Ub 15 Ubn 16
Uc 17 Ucn 18
UB1 19 UB1n 20
UL2 21 UL2n 22
UB2 23 UB2n 24
Figure 6.3-16 View of AI plug-in module for two CT group input (NR1401)
For two circuit breakers configuration with two CT groups input, three phase currents
corresponding to CB1 and CB2 respectively (Ia1, Ib1, Ic1 and Ia2, Ib2, Ic2), and residual current
from parallel line (for mutual compensation) are input to AI module. Terminal 01, 03, 05, 07, 09, 11
and 13 are polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) for protection calculation and one synchronism voltage are
input to AI module. The synchronism voltage could be any phase-to-ground voltage or
phase-to-phase voltage.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
P2 P1 P1 P2 A
S2 S1 S1 S2 C
02 01
04 03
06 05
08 07
10 09
12 11
To parallel line
14 13
From parallel line
A B C A B C
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Ia1 01 Ia1n 02
NR1401
Ib1 03 Ib1n 04
Ic1 05 Ic1n 06
Ia2 07 Ia2n 08
Ib2 09 Ib2n 10
Ic2 11 Ic2n 12
IM0 13 IM0n 14
Ua 15 Uan 16
Ub 17 Ubn 18
Uc 19 Ucn 20
Us 21 Usn 22
23 24
Figure 6.3-19 View of AI plug-in module for two CT group input (NR1401)
NR1161
This device can be equipped with 2 DSP plug-in modules at most and 1 DSP plug-in module at
least. The default DSP plug-in module is necessary, which mainly is responsible for protection
function including fault detector and protection calculation.
The default module consists of high-performance double DSP (digital signal processor),16-digit
high-accuracy ADC that can perform synchronous sampling and manage other peripherals. One
of double DSP is responsible for protection calculation, and can fulfill analog data acquisition,
protection logic calculation and tripping output. The other is responsible for fault detector, and can
fulfill analog data acquisition, fault detector and providing power supply to output relay.
When the module is connected with conventional CT/VT, it can perform the synchronous data
acquisition through AI plug-in module. When the module is connected with ECT/EVT, it can
receive the real-time synchronous sampled value from merging unit through NET-DSP plug-in
module.
The other module is optional and it is not required unless control and manual closing with
synchronism check are equppied with this device. The default DSP plug-in module is fixed at slot
04 and the option DSP plug-in module is fixed at slot 06.
NR1136A NR1136C
RX
This module consists of high-performance DSP (digital signal processor), 2~8 100Mbit/s
optical-fibre interface (LC type) and selectable IRIG-B interface (ST type). It supports GOOSE and
SV by IEC 61850-9-2 protocols. It can receive and send GOOSE messages to intelligent control
device, and receive SV from MU (merging unit).
This module supports IEEE1588 network time protocol, E2E and P2P defined in IEEE1588
protocol can be selected. This module supports Ethernet IEEE802.3 time adjustment message
format, UDP time adjustment message format and GMRP.
TX TX TX TX
RX RX RX RX
TX TX
RX RX TX1 TX1
RX1 RX1
TX1
RX1
PCS-902 series can exchange information with the device at the remote end through a dedicated
optical fibre channel or multiplex channel. The module transmits and receives optical signal using
FC/PC or ST optical connector.
Note!
When using dedicated optical fibre channel, if the transmission distance is longer than
50km, the transmitted power may be enchanced to ensure received power larger than
receiving sensitivity. Please notify supplier before ordering and it will be considered as
special project using 1550nm laser diode.
When using multiplex channel, the sending power of the device is fixed.
When using channel multiplexing equipment, the parameters are shown as follows:
1. The routine of both direction shall be same to each other, so the time delays of both direction
are the same.
2. The maximum one-way channel propagation delay shall be less than 15 ms.
Debouncing time
Time
T0 T1
Each BI module is with a 22-pin connector for 11 binary inputs (NR1503) or 18 binary inputs
(NR1504).
For NR1503, each binary input has independent negative power input of opto-coupler, and can be
configurable. The terminal definition of the connector of BI plug-in module is described as below.
[BI_n] (n=01, 02,…,11 can be configured as a specified binary input by PCS-Explorer software.)
BI_01 01
NR1503 Opto01- 02
BI_02 03
Opto02- 04
BI_03 05
Opto03- 06
BI_04 07
Opto04- 08
BI_05 09
Opto05- 10
BI_06 11
Opto06- 12
BI_07 13
Opto07- 14
BI_08 15
Opto08- 16
BI_09 17
Opto09- 18
BI_10 19
Opto10- 20
BI_11 21
Opto11- 22
For NR1504, all binary inputs share one common negative power input, and can be configurable.
The terminal definition of the connector of BI plug-in module is described as below. [BI_n] (n=01,
02,…,18 can be configured as a specified binary input by PCS-Explorer software.)
Opto+ 01
NR1504 BI_01 02
BI_02 03
BI_03 04
BI_04 05
BI_05 06
BI_06 07
08
BI_07 09
BI_08 10
BI_09 11
BI_10 12
BI_11 13
BI_12 14
15
BI_13 16
BI_14 17
BI_15 18
BI_16 19
BI_17 20
BI_18 21
COM- 22
Note!
A default configuration is given for first four binary signals (BI_01, BI_02, BI_03, BI_04) in
first BI plug-in module, and they are [BI_TimeSyn], [BI_Print], [BI_Maintenance] and
[BI_RstTarg] respectively. They can alos be configured as other signals. Because the first
binary signal [BI_01] is set as [BI_TimeSyn] by default (the state change information of
binary signal [BI_TimeSyn] does not need be displayed), new binary signal should be
added to state change message if it is set as other signal.
It is used to receive clock synchronization signal from clock synchronization device, the binary
input [BI_TimeSyn] will change from “0” to “1” once pulse signal is received. When the device
adopts “Conventional” mode as clock synchronization mode (refer to section “Communication
Settings”), the device can receives PPM (pulse per minute) and PPS (pulse per second). If the
setting [Opt_TimeSyn] is set as other values, this binary input is invalid.
It is used to manually trigger printing latest report when the equipment is configured as manual
printing mode by logic setting [En_AutoPrint]=0. The printer button is located on the panel usually.
If the equipment is configured as automatic printing mode ([En_AutoPrint]=1), report will be printed
automatically as soon as it is formed.
It is used to block communication export when this binary input is energized. During device
maintenance or testing, this binary input is then energized not to send reports via communication
port, local display and printing still work as usual. This binary input should be de-energized when
the device is restored back to normal.
The application of the binary input [BI_Maintenance] for digital substation communication adopting
a) The protection device should send the state of this binary input to client.
b) When this binary input is energized, the bit “Test” of quality (Q) in the sent message changes
to “1”.
c) When this binary input is energized, the client cannot control the isolator link and circuit
breaker, modify settings and switch setting group remotely.
d) According to the value of the bit “Test” of quality (Q) in the message sent, the client
discriminate whether this message is maintenance message, and then deal with it correspondingly.
If the message is the maintenance message, the content of the message will not be displayed on
real-time message window, audio alarm not issued, but the picture is refreshed so as to ensure
that the state of the picture is in step with the actual state. The maintenance message will be
stored, and can be inquired, in independent window.
a) When this binary input is energized, the bit “Test” in the GOOSE message sent by the
protection device changes to “1”.
b) For the receiving end of GOOSE message, it will compare the value of the bit “Test” in the
GOOSE message received by it with the state of its own binary input (i..e [BI_Maintenance]), the
message will be thought as invalid unless they are conformable.
a) When this binary input of merging unit is energized, the bit “Test” of quality (Q) of sampling
data in the SV message sent change “1”.
b) For the receiving end of SV message, if the value of bit “Test” of quality (Q) of sampling data
in the SV message received is “1”, the relevant protection functions will be disabled, but under
maintenance state, the protection device should calculate and display the magnitude of sampling
data.
c) For duplicated protection function configurations, all merging units of control module
configured to receive sampling should be also duplicated. Both dual protection devices and dual
merging units should be fully independent each other, and one of them is in maintenance state will
not affect the normal operation of the other.
It is used to reset latching signal relay and LCD displaying. The reset is done by pressing a button
on the panel.
Note!
The rated voltage of binary input is optional: 110V, 125V, 220V or 250V, which must be
specified when placed order. It is necessary to check whether the rated voltage of BI
module complies with site DC supply rating before put the relay in service.
There three binary signals are fixed for measurement functions, they are [BI_Rmt/Loc],
[BI_ManSynCls] and [BI_ManOpen] respectively.
“1”: the remote control, all the binary outputs can only be remotely controlled by SCADA or control
centers.
“0” the local control, each binary output can only be applied to open/close CB/DS/ES locally. Each
binary output can also be applied issue a signal locally.
When the device is under local control condition (i.e. [BI_Rmt/Loc] is de-energized), the manual
synchronism check for closing circuit breaker will be initiated if it is energized.
When the device is under local control condition (i.e. [BI_Rmt/Loc] is de-energized), the manual
control for open circuit breaker will be initiated if it is energized.
01
BO_01
NR1521A 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
01
BO_01
NR1521C 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
BO plug-in module (NR1521F) is dedicatedly for remote/manual open or closing to circuit breaker,
disconnector and earth switch. 5 pairs of binary outputs (one for open and the other for closing)
can be provided by this BO plug-in module configured in slot 15 if measurement and control
function is equipped with the device. Up to 10 pairs of binary outputs can be provided by two BO
plug-in modules that can be configured in slot 14 and 15 respectively. (BO plug-in module
configured in slot 14 is optional if open or closing contacts is not enough)
A normally open contact is presented via terminal 21-22 designated as ROS (i.e. remote operation
signal). Whenever any of binary output contacts for open or closing is closed, ROS contact will
close to issue a signal indicating that this device is undergoing a remote operation.
01
BO_CtrlOpn01
NR1521F 02
03
BO_CtrlCls01
04
05
BO_CtrlOpn02
06
07
BO_CtrlCls02
08
09
BO_CtrlOpn03
10
11
BO_CtrlCls03
12
13
BO_CtrlOpn04
14
15
BO_CtrlCls04
16
17
BO_CtrlOpn05
18
19
BO_CtrlCls05
20
21
BO_Ctrl
22
NR1521G can provide 11 output contacts without controlled by fault detector. The first four output
contacts are in parallel with instantaneous operating contacts which are recommended to be
configured as fast signaling contacts to send PLC signal.
01
BO_01
NR1521G 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
7 Settings
Table of Contents
7 Settings ............................................................................................. 7-a
7.1 System Settings .............................................................................................. 7-1
7.1.1 Setting Description ............................................................................................................. 7-1
List of Tables
Table 7.1-1 System settings ......................................................................................................7-1
The device has some setting groups for protection to coordinate with the mode of power system
operation, one of which is assigned to be active. However, communication settings, system
settings, device settings, logic link settings and measurement and control settings are common for
all protection setting groups.
Note!
All current settings in this chapter are secondary current converted from primary current by
CT ratio. Zero-sequence current or voltage setting is configured according to 3I0 or 3U0
and negative sequence current setting according to I2 or U2.
1. Active_Grp
The number of active setting group, 10 setting groups can be configured for protection settings,
and only one is active at a time
2. PrimaryEquip_Name
It is recognized by the device automatically. Such setting is used for printing messages
3. Opt_SysFreq
4. Un1
5. Un2
6. CBx.I1n
7. I1n_Base
8. I2n_Base
9. f_High_FreqAlm
It is frequency upper limit setting. The device will issue an alarm [Alm_Freq], when system
frequency is higher than the setting.
10. f_Low_FreqAlm
It is frequency lower limit setting. The device will issue an alarm [Alm_Freq], when system
frequency is lower than the setting.
4 En_MDisk 0 or 1
1. HDR_EncodeMode
2. Opt_Caption_103
0: Current language
1: Fixed Chinese
2: Fixed English
Default value of [Opt_Caption_103] is 0 (i.e. current language), and please set it to 1 (i.e. Fixed
Chinese) if the SAS is supplied by China Manufacturer.
3. Bxx.Un_BinaryInput
This setting is used to set voltage level of binary input module. If low-voltage BI module is
equipped, 24V, 30V or 48V can be set according to the actual requirement, and if high-voltage BI
module is equipped, 110V, 125V or 220V can be set according to the actual requirement.
4. En_MDisk
A moveable mdisk is implemented on the MON plug-in module to backup and restore programs,
settings and configurations.
If MON plug-in module is broken, remove the mdisk and put it into a new MON plug-in module, use
the menu on HMI to restore the backup programs and configurations. If DSP plug-in module is
broken, after a new DSP plug-in module is installed, use the menu on HMI to restore the backup
programs and configurations. If the moveable mdisk is broken, after a new mdisk is installed on
the MON plug-in module, use the menu on HMI to back up the current programs and
configurations into the new mdisk.
9 IP_LAN4 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
10 Mask_LAN4 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
11 En_LAN4 0 or 1
12 Gateway 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
13 En_Broadcast 0 or 1
14 Addr_RS485A 0~255
17 Addr_RS485B 0~255
19 Protocol_RS485B 0, 1 or 2
20 Threshold_Measmt_Net 0~100%
21 Period_Measmt_Net 0~65535s
22 Format_Measmt 0, 1
23 Baud_Printer 4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200 (bps)
24 En_AutoPrint 0 or 1
26 IP_Server_SNTP 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
27 IP_StandbyServer_SNTP 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
28 OffsetHour_UTC -12~+12 (hrs)
29 OffsetMinute_UTC 0~60 (min)
30 Opt_Display_Status PriValue, SecValue
31 t_Dly_Net_DNP 0~10000 (ms)
32 Format_Setting_DNP None, AO, AI
IP address of Ethernet port 1, Ethernet port 2, Ethernet port 3 and Ethernet port 4
Subnet mask of Ethernet port 1, Ethernet port 2, Ethernet port 3 and Ethernet port 4
They are used for Ethernet communication based on the IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. When the IEC
61850 protocol is applied, the IP address of Ethernet A will be GOOSE source MAC address.
4. Gateway
5. En_Broadcast
This setting is only used only for IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. If NR network IEC 60870-5-103
protocol is used, the setting must be set as “1”.
6. Addr_RS485A, Addr_RS485B
They are the device′s communication address used to communicate with the SCADA or RTU via
serial ports (port A and port B).
7. Baud_RS485A, Baud_RS485B
8. Protocol_RS485A, Protocol_RS485B
1: Modbus Protocol
2: Reserved
Note!
Above table listed all the communication settings, the device delivered to the user maybe
only show some settings of them according to the communication interface configuration.
If only the Ethernet ports are applied, the settings about the serial ports (port A and port B)
are not listed in this submenu. And the settings about the Ethernet ports only listed in this
submenu according to the actual number of Ethernet ports.
The standard arrangement of the Ethernet port is two, at most four (predetermined when
ordering). Set the IP address according to actual arrangement of Ethernet numbers and
the un-useful port/ports need not be configured. If PCS-Explorer configuration tool
auxiliary software is connected with this device through the Ethernet, the IP address of
PCS-Explorer must be set as one of the available IP address of this device.
9. Threshold_Measmt_Net
10. Period_Measmt_Net
The time period for equipment sends measurement data to SCADA through IEC 60870-5-103
protocol via Ethernet port.
11. Format_Measmt
The setting is used to select the format of measurement data sent to SCADA through IEC
60870-5-103 protocol.
1: GDD data type through IEC103 protocol is 7, i.e. 754 short real number of IEEE standard
12. Baud_Printer
13. En_AutoPrint
If automatic print is required for fault report after protection operating, it is set as “1”. Otherwise, it
should be set to “0”.
14. Opt_TimeSyn
There are four selections for clock synchronization of device shown as follow.
Conventional
PPS (RS-485): Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level
PPM (DIN): Pulse per minute (PPM) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn]
PPS (DIN): Pulse per second (PPS) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn]
SAS
Advanced
PPS (Fiber) PPS: Pulse per second (PPS) via optical-fibre interface
NoTimeSync
When no time synchronization signal is connected to the device, please select this option and the
alarm message [Alm_TimeSyn] will not be issued anymore.
“Conventional” mode and “SAS” mode are always be supported by the device, but “Advanced”
mode is only supported when NET-DSP module is equipped. The alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn]
may be issued to remind user loss of time synchronization signals.
1) When “SAS” is selected, if there is no conventional clock synchronization signal, the device
will not send the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn]. When “Conventional” mode is selected, if there
is no conventional clock synchronization signal, “SAS” mode will be enabled automatically
with the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn] issued simultaneously.
3) When “NoTimeSyn” mode is selected, the device will not send alarm signals without time
synchronization signal. But the device can be still synchronized if receiving time
synchronization signal.
Note!
The clock message via IEC 60870-5-103 protocol is invalid when the device receives the
IRIG-B signal through RCS-485 port.
15. IP_Server_SNTP
It is the address of the SNTP time synchronization server which sends SNTP timing messages to
the relay or BCU.
16. IP_StandbyServer_SNTP
If the IEC61850 protocol is adopted in substations, the time tags of communication messages are
required according to UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) time.
The setting [OffsetHour_UTC] is used to set the hour offset of the current time zone to the GMT
(Greenwich Mean Time) zone; for example, if a relay is applied in China, the time zone of China is
east 8th time zone, so this setting is set as “8”. The setting [OffsetMinute_UTC] is used to set the
minute offset of the current time zone to the GMT zone.
Time zone GMT zone East 1st East 2nd East 3rd East 4th East 5th
Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time zone East 6th East 7th East 8th East 9th East 10th East 11th
Setting 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time zone East/West 12th West 1st West 2nd West 3rd West 4th West 5th
Setting 12/-12 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5
Time zone West 6th West 7th West 8th West 9th West 10th West 11th
Setting -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11
18. Opt_Display_Status
This setting is used to set display mode of current and voltage in fault records, primary value or
secondary value. The sampled values of current and voltage are displayed as secondary value by
default. When it is set as primary value, both secondary voltage and secondary current are
converted into primary voltage and primary current according to rated secondary and primary
value of VT and CT respectively.
19. t_Dly_Net_DNP
The setting is used to set transmission time delay for transmitting multi-frame messages during
DNP process (the setting is valid only if network DNP3.0 protocol is configured)
20. Format_Setting_DNP
The setting is used to set settings uploading format during DNP process (this setting is valid only if
network or serial port DNP3.0 protocol is configured).
DefTime
IECN
IECV
IECE
IECST
IECLT
Option of characteristic curve for stage 3 of phase
32 50/51P3.Opt_Curve ANSIE
overcurrent protection
ANSIV
ANSI
ANSIM
ANSILTE
ANSILTV
ANSILT
Time multiplier setting for stage 3 of inverse-time
33 50/51P3.TMS 0.010~200.000
phase overcurrent protection.
Minimum operating time for stage 3 of inverse-time
34 50/51P3.tmin 0.000~20.000 (s)
phase overcurrent protection
Current setting for stage 4 of phase overcurrent
35 50/51P4.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In (A)
protection
Time delay for stage 4 of phase overcurrent
36 50/51P4.t_Op 0.000~20.000 (s)
protection
37 50/51P4.En Enable stage 4 of phase overcurrent protection 0 or 1
Enable auto-reclosing blocked when stage 4 of
38 50/51P4.En_BlkAR 0 or 1
phase overcurrent protection operates
Enable stage 4 of phase overcurrent protection is
39 50/51P4.En_VTS_Blk 0 or 1
blocked by VT circuit failure
Non-Directional
Direction option for stage 4 of phase overcurrent
40 50/51P4.Opt_Dir Forward
protection
Reverse
Enable second harmonic blocking for stage 4 of
41 50/51P4.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1
phase overcurrent protection
DefTime
IECN
IECV
IECE
IECST
IECLT
Option of characteristic curve for stage 4 of phase
42 50/51P4.Opt_Curve ANSIE
overcurrent protection
ANSIV
ANSI
ANSIM
ANSILTE
ANSILTV
ANSILT
DefTime
IECN
IECV
IECE
IECST
IECLT
Option of characteristic curve for stage 4 of earth
46 50/51G4.Opt_Curve ANSIE
fault protection
ANSIV
ANSI
ANSIM
ANSILTE
ANSILTV
ANSILT
Time multiplier setting for stage 4 of inverse-time
47 50/51G4.TMS 0.010~200.000
earth fault protection
Minimum operating time for stage 4 of inverse-time
48 50/51G4.tmin 0.050~20.000 (s)
earth fault protection
Note!
PCS-902 can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit
breakers application by PCS-Exploerer. The prefix “CBx.” is added to all settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
Note!
PCS-902 can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit
breakers application by PCS-Exploerer. The prefix “CBx.” is added to all settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
Note!
PCS-902 can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit
breakers application by PCS-Exploerer. The prefix “CBx.” is added to all settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
Note!
PCS-902 can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit
breakers application by PCS-Exploerer. The prefix “CBx.” is added to all settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
NoVoltSel
Option of circuit breaker configuration, and it
DblBusOneCB
5 CBx.CBConfigMode should be set as “NoVoltSel” if no voltage selection
3/2BusCB
is adopted.
3/2TieCB
Note!
PCS-902 can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit
breakers application by PCS-Exploerer. The prefix “CBx.” is added to all settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
Note!
PCS-902 can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit
breakers application by PCS-Exploerer. The prefix “CBx.” is added to all settings for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2).
Each logic link settings is an “AND” condition of enabling the relevant function with the
corresponding binary input and logic setting. Through SAS or RTU, logic link settings can be set
as “1” or “0”; and it means that the relevant function can be in service or out of service through
remote command. It provides convenience for operation management.
The function link settings can be defined according to project specification through the
configuration tool, PCS-Explorer.
Thses settings are applied to configure the status change confirmation time for No.xx double point
binary inputs. Up to 10 virtual double point binary inputs are provided in this device.
If a double point binary input changes from normal status to invalid status, i.e.: double point error
occurs, [CSWIxx.t_DPU_DPS] will be applied as the debouncing time for No.xx double point
binary input.
No. Name Remark Range
Table of Contents
8 Human Machine Interface ............................................................... 8-a
8.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 8-1
8.1.1 Keypad Operation .............................................................................................................. 8-2
List of Figures
Figure 8.1-1 Front panel ............................................................................................................8-1
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel ..................................8-4
List of Tables
Table 8.1-1 Definition of the 8-core cable ................................................................................8-4
The operator can access the protective device from the front panel. Local communication with the
protective device is possible using a computer via a multiplex RJ45 port on the front panel.
Furthermore, remote communication is also possible using a PC with the substation automation
system via rear RS485 port or rear Ethernet port. The operator is able to check the protective
device status at any time.
This chapter describes human machine interface (HMI), and give operator an instruction about
how to display or print event report, setting and so on through HMI menu tree and display metering
value, including r.m.s. current, voltage and frequency etc. through LCD. Procedures to change
active setting group or a settable parameter value through keypad is also described in details.
Note!
8.1 Overview
The human-machine interface consists of a human-machine interface (HMI) module which allows
a communication to be as simple as possible for the user. The HMI module helps to draw your
attention to something that has occurred which may activate a LED or a report displayed on the
LCD. Operator can locate the data of interest by navigating the keypad.
1 11
HEALTHY PCS-902
2 12
5
ALARM
3 13
4 14
GRP
5 15
6 16 ENT
ESC
7 17
4
8 18
1
9 19
3
10 20
ENT
ESC
1. “ESC”:
2. “ENT”:
3. “GRP”
Page up/down
HEALTHY
ALARM
Steady Green Lit when the equipment is in service and ready for operation.
Note!
“HEALTHY” LED can only be turned on by energizing the device and no abnormality
detected.
“ALARM” LED is turned on when abnormalities of device occurs like above mentioned
and can be turned off after abnormalities are removed except alarm report [CTS.Alm]
which can only be reset only when the failure is removed and the device is rebooted or
re-energized.
Other LED indicators with no labels are configurable and user can configure them to be lit
by signals of operation element, alarm element and binary output contact according to
requirement through PCS-Explorer software, but as drawn in figure, 2 LEDs are fixed as
the signals of “HEALTHY” (green) and “ALARM” (yellow), 18 LEDs are configurable with
selectable color among green, yellow and red.
as well as a twisted-pair ethernet port. As shown in the following figure, a customized cable is
applied for debugging via this multiplex RJ45 port.
P2
P1
P3
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel
P1: To connect the multiplex RJ45 port. An 8-core cable is applied here.
The definition of the 8-core cable in the above figure is introduced in the following table.
The Ethernet port can be used to communication with PC via auxiliary software (PCS-Explorer)
after connecting the protection device with PC, so as to fulfill on-line function (please refer to the
instruction manual of PCS-Explorer). At first, the connection between the protection device and PC
must be established. Through setting the IP address and subnet mask of corresponding Ethernet
interface in the menu “Settings→Device Setup→Comm Settings”, it should be ensured that the
protection device and PC are in the same network segment. For example, setting the IP address
The IP address and subnet mask of protection device should be [IP_LAN1]= 198.87.96.XXX,
[Mask_LAN1]=255.255.255.0, [En_LAN1]=1. (XXX can be any value from 0 to 255 except 102)
If the logic setting [En_LAN1] is non-available, it means that network A is always enabled.
NR1102D
ETHERNET
Network A
Network B
Network C
Network D
Note!
If using other Ethernet port, for example, Ethernet B, the logic setting [En_LAN2] must be
set as “1”.
Press “▲” to enter the main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
MainMenu
Language
Clock
Quick Menu
For the first powered device, there is no record in quick menu. Press “▲” to enter the main menu
with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
Measurements
Status
Records
Settings
Print
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
The descriptions about menu are based on the maximized configuration, for a specific project, if
some function is not available, the corresponding submenu will hidden.
Main Menu
Measurements
Status
Records
Settings
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
Under main interface, press “▲” to enter main menu, and select submenu by pressing “▲”, “▼”
and “ENT”. The command menu adopts a tree shaped content structure. The above diagram
provides the integral structure and all main menus (first-level menus) under menu tree of the
device.
Main Menu
Measurements
Measurements1
Measurements2
Measurements3
This menu is used to display real-time measured values, including AC voltage, AC current, phase
angle and calculated quantities. These data can help users to acquaint the device′s status. This
menu comprises following submenus. Please refer to section “Measurement” about the detailed
measured values.
8.2.3.2 Status
Main Menu
Status
Inputs
Outputs
Superv State
This menu is used to display real time input signals, output signals and alarm signals of the device.
These data can help users to acquaint the device′s status. This menu comprises following
submenus. Please respectively refer to section “Signal List” about the detailed introduction of input
signals and output signals, and section “Supervision Alarms” about the detailed introduction of
alarm signals.
Main Menu
Status
Inputs
Contact Inputs
GOOSE Inputs
Prot Ch Inputs
1 Contact Inputs Display states of binary inputs derived from opto-isolated channels
3 Prot Ch Inputs Display states of binary inputs received from protection channel.
Main Menu
Status
Outputs
Contact Outputs
GOOSE Outputs
Interlock Status
Prot Ch Outputs
Main Menu
Status
Superv State
Prot Superv
FD Superv
GOOSE Superv
SV Superv
BCU Superv
1 Prot Superv Display states of self-supervision signals from protection calculation DSP
8.2.3.3 Records
Main Menu
Records
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Device Logs
Control Logs
Clear Records
This menu is used to display all kinds of records, including the disturbance records, supervision
events, binary events and device logs, so that the operator can load to view and use as the
reference of analyzing accidents and repairing the device. All records are stored in non-volatile
memory, it can still record them even if it loses its power.
8.2.3.4 Settings
Main Menu
Settings
System Settings
Prot Settings
BCU Settings
Logic Links
Device Setup
This menu is used to check the device setup, system parameters, protection settings and logic
links settings, as well as modifying any of the above setting items. Moreover, it can also execute
the setting copy between different setting groups.
Check or modify the logic links settings, including function links, SV links,
4 Logic Links
GOOSE links and spare links
Main Menu
Settings
Prot Settings
Line Settings
FD Settings
AuxE Settings
Direction Settings
LoadEnch Settings
Dist Settings
ROC Settings
SOTF Settings
OC Settings
VTF OC Settings
BRC Settings
RevPower Settings
BFP Settings
Deadzone Settings
OV Settings
UV Settings
NegOV Settings
ThOvld Settings
PD Settings
Stub Settings
FreqProt Settings
MiscProt Settings
VTS/CTS Settings
Copy Settings
11 SOTF Settings Check or modify SOTF distance and overcurrent protection settings
13 VTF OC Settings Check or modify overcurrent protection settings for VT circuit failure
26 VTS/CTS Settings Check or modify VT circuit supervision and CT circuit supervision settings
Main Menu
Settings
BCU Settings
Syn Settings
BI Settings
Control Settings
Interlock Settings
Main Menu
Settings
Logic Links
Function Links
SV Links
Main Menu
Settings
Device Setup
Device Settings
Comm Settings
Label Settings
3 Label Settings Check or modify the label settings of each protection element.
8.2.3.5 Print
Main Menu
Device Info
Settings
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Prot Ch Superv
Prot Ch Statistics
Device Status
Waveforms
IEC103 Info
Cancel Print
This menu is used to print device description, settings, all kinds of records, waveforms, information
related with IEC60870-5-103 protocol, channel state and channel statistic.
1 Device Info Print the description information of the device, including software
version.
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel, which is formed A.M.
7 Prot Ch Statistics
9:00 every day
Print the current state of the device, including the sampled value of
8 Device Status
voltage and current, the state of binary inputs, setting and so on
Main Menu
Settings
System Settings
Prot Settings
BCU Settings
Logic Links
Device Setup
All Settings
Main Menu
Settings
Prot Settings
Line Settings
FD Settings
AuxE Settings
Direction Settings
LoadEnch Settings
Dist Settings
ROC Settings
SOTF Settings
OC Settings
VTF OC Settings
BRC Settings
RevPower Settings
BFP Settings
Deadzone Settings
OV Settings
UV Settings
NegOV Settings
ThOvld Settings
PD Settings
Stub Settings
FreqProt Settings
MiscProt Settings
VTS/CTS Settings
All Settings
Main Menu
Settings
BCU Settings
Syn Settings
BI Settings
Control Settings
Interlock Settings
All Settings
Main Menu
Settings
Logic Links
Function Links
SV Links
All Settings
Main Menu
Settings
Device Setup
Device Settings
Comm Settings
Label Settings
All Settings
Main Menu
Prot Ch Superv
Channel 1
Channel 2
Print the self-check information of optical fibre channel 1, which is made of some
1 Channel 1
hexadecimal characters and used to developer analyze channel state
2 Channel 2 Print the self-check information of optical fibre channel 2, which is made of some
Main Menu
Prot Ch Statistics
Channel 1
Channel 2
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel 1, which is formed A.M. 9:00 every
1 Channel 1
day
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel 2, which is formed A.M. 9:00 every
2 Channel 2
day
Main Menu
Waveforms
Wave
Main Menu
Local Cmd
Reset Target
Trig Oscillograph
Control
Download
Clear Counter
This menu is used to reset the tripping relay with latch, indicator LED, LCD display, and as same
as the reset function of binary inputs. This menu provides a method of manually recording the
current waveform data of the device under normal condition for printing and uploading SAS.
Besides, it can send out the request of program download, clear statistic information about
GOOSE, SV, AR, FO channel and energy.
1 Reset Target Reset the local signal, indicator LED, LCD display and so on
8.2.3.7 Information
Main Menu
Information
Version Info
Board Info
In this menu, LCD can display software information of all kinds of intelligent plug-in modules,
which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and management sequence
number. Besides, plug-in module information can also be viewed.
Display software information of DSP module, MON module and HMI module,
1 Version Info which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and
management sequence number.
2 Board Info Monitor the current working state of each intelligent module.
8.2.3.8 Test
Main Menu
Test
Prot Ch Counter
SV Comm Counter
Device Test
Internal Signal
AR Counter
This menu is mainly used for developers to debug the program and for engineers to maintain the
device. It can be used to fulfill the communication test function. It is also used to generate all kinds
of reports or events to transmit to the SAS without any external input, so as to debug the
communication on site. Besides, it can also display statistic information about GOOSE, SV, AR
and FO channel.
Main Menu
Test
Prot Ch Counter
Ch1 Counter
Ch2 Counter
Main Menu
Test
Device Test
Disturb Events
Superv Events
IO Events
View the relevant information about disturbance records (only used for
1 Disturb Events
debugging persons)
View the relevant information about supervision events (only used for
2 Superv Events
debugging persons)
View the relevant information about binary events (only used for debugging
3 IO Events
persons)
Users can respectively execute the test automatically or manually by selecting commands “All
Test” or “Select Test”.
Main Menu
Test
Device Test
Disturb Events
All Test
Select Test
Main Menu
Test
Device Test
Superv Events
All Test
Select Test
Main Menu
Test
Device Test
IO Events
All Test
Select Test
Main Menu
Test
AR Counter
CB1 AR Counter
CB2 AR Counter
8.2.3.9 Clock
The current time of internal clock can be viewed here. The time is displayed in the form
YY-MM-DD and hh:mm:ss. All values are presented with digits and can be modified.
8.2.3.10 Language
events will not disappear until them are acknowledged by pressing the “RESET” button in the
protection panel (i.e. energizing the binary input [BI_RstTarg]). If any event is detected, the
corresponding event display will pop up automatically, and user can keep pressing “ENT” and then
press “ESC” to switch between normal display and event display. IO events will be displayed for 5s
and then it will return to the previous display interface automatically. Device logs will not pop up
and can only be viewed by navigating the corresponding menu.
The device can display single line diagram (SLD) and primary operation information, it can support
wiring configuration function. LCD configuration file can be downloaded via the network. Remote
control operation through single line diagram is also supported.
Under normal condition, LCD will display the following interface. LCD adopts white color as its
backlight that is activated if once there is any keyboard operation, moreover, the backlight will be
extinguished automatically if no keyboard operation is detected for a duration.
S 2010-06-08 10:10:00
Ia 0.00A
Ib 0.00A
Ic 0.00A
3I0 0.00A
Ua 0.02V
Ub 0.00V
Uc 0.00V
3U0 0.02V
U_Syn 0.00V
f 50.00Hz
The content displayed on the screen contains: the current date and time of the device (with a
format of yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:), the active setting group number, three-phase current sampling
value, residual current sampling value, three-phase voltage sampling value, residual voltage
sampling value, the synchronism voltage sampling value, line frequency and the address relevant
to IP address of Ethernet A. If all the sampling values of the voltage and the current can’t be fully
displayed within one screen, they will be scrolling-displayed automatically from the top to the
bottom.
256+23=24343”.
If the device has detected any abnormal state, it′ll display the self-check alarm information.
“S” indicates that device clock is synchronized. If “S” disappears, it means that device clock is not
synchronized.
For the situation that the disturbance records and the supervision events coexist, the upper half
part is the disturbance record, and the lower half part is the supervision event. The following items
are listed in the upper half part: record No., record name, generation time of the disturbance
record. If there is protection element operation, faulty phase and relative operation time (with
reference to the corresponding fault detector element) will be displayed. If the disturbance records
can not be displayed in one page, they will be displayed in several pages alternately.
If there is no supervision event, disturbance records will be displayed as shown in the following
figure.
0000ms FD.DPFC.Pkp
0024ms AB 21Q.Z1.Op
If the device has the supervision event, the display interface will show the disturbance record and
the supervision event at the same time.
0000ms FD.DPFC.Pkp
0024ms AB 21Q.Z1.Op
Superv Events
Alm_Device
2013-01-15 13:22:23:669 shows the time of the disturbance record, the format is
“yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:fff”.
0000ms FD.DPFC.Pkp shows fault detector element and its operation time (set as
“0000ms” fixedly).
0024ms AB 21Q.Z1.Op shows operation element and its relative operation time (with
reference to the corresponding fault detector element).
All the protection elements have been listed in chapter “Operation Theory”, and please refer to
each protection element for details. The reports related to oscillography function are showed in the
following table.
S Superv Events
Alm_Device
Alm_Version
Alm_Version
BI_Maintenance 0 1
2013-01-15 13:31:23:669 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
“yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:fff”.
BI_Maintenance 0→1 shows the state change of binary input, including binary input
name, original state and final state.
Device Logs NO. 4 shows the title and the number of the device log
2008-11-28 10:18:47:569 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
year–month-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond
It will be displayed on LCD before disturbance records and supervision events are confirmed. Only
pressing both “ENT” and “ESC” at the same time can switch among disturbance records,
supervision events and the normal running state of the device to display it. IO events will be
displayed for 5s and then it will return to the previous display interface automatically.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Measurements” menu, and then press
the “ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most);
6. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Measurements” menu);
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Status” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu item, and then press
the key “ENT” to enter the submenu.
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most).
5. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select pervious or next command menu.
6. Press the key “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Status” menu).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Records” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
7. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Records” menu);
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Print” menu, and then press the “ENT” or
“►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
Selecting the “Disturb Records”, and then press the “+” or “-” to select pervious
or next record. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printing... ”,
and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu “Print”). If the printer
doesn’t complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and the LCD will
display “Printer Busy…”. Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the
menu “Print”).
Selecting the command menu “Superv Events” or “IO Events”, and then press the
key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor. Press the “+” or “-” to select the starting and
ending numbers of printing message. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD will
display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the
menu “Print”). Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Print”).
4. If selecting the command menu “Device Info”, “Device Status“ or “IEC103 Info”, press
the key “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start printing..”, and then automatically exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Print”).
5. If selecting the “Settings”, press the key “ENT” or “►” to enter the next level of menu.
6. After entering the submenu “Settings”, press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor, and
then press the key “ENT” to print the corresponding default value. If selecting any item to
printing:
Press the key “+” or “-” to select the setting group to be printed. After pressing the key
“ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Settings”). Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the
menu “Settings”).
7. After entering the submenu “Waveforms”, press the “+” or “-” to select the waveform
item to be printed and press ”ENT” to enter. If there is no any waveform data, the LCD will
display “No Waveform Data!” (Before executing the command menu “Waveforms”, it is
necessary to execute the command menu “Trig Oscillograph” in the menu “Local Cmd”,
otherwise the LCD will display “No Waveform Data!”). With waveform data existing:
Press the key “+” or “-” to select pervious or next record. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD
will display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu
“Waveforms”). If the printer does not complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and
the LCD will display “Printer Busy…”. Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu
“Waveforms”).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings”).
Note!
If the displayed information exceeds 14 lines, the scroll bar will appear on the right side of
the LCD to indicate the quantity of all displayed information of the command menu and the
relative location of information where the current cursor points at.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings” );
8. If selecting the command menu “System Settings”, move the cursor to the setting item
to be modified, and then press the “ENT”;
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value (if the modified value is of multi-bit, press the “◄” or “►”
to move the cursor to the digit bit, and then press the “+” or “-” to modify the value), press the
“ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the displayed interface of the command menu
“System Settings”. Press the “ENT” to automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed
interface of the command menu “System Settings”).
Move the cursor to continue modifying other setting items. After all setting values are modified,
press the “◄”, “►” or “ESC”, and the LCD will display “Save or Not?”. Directly press the “ESC” or
press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select the “Cancel”, and then press the “ENT” to
automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command menu “System
Settings”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select “No” and press the “ENT”, all modified setting item
will restore to its original value, exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor to select “Yes”, and then press the “ENT”, the LCD will
display password input interface.
Password:
____
Input a 4-bit password (“+”, “◄”, “▲” and “-”). If the password is incorrect, continue inputting it,
and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the displayed interface
of the command menu “System Settings”. If the password is correct, LCD will display “Save
Setting Now…”, and then exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command
menu “System Settings”), with all modified setting items as modified values.
Note!
For different setting items, their displayed interfaces are different but their modification
methods are the same. The following is ditto.
9. If selecting the submenu “Prot Settings”, and press “ENT” to enter. After selecting
different command menu, the LCD will display the following interface: (take “FD
Settings” as an example)
FD Settings
Active Group: 01
Selected Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value, and then press the “ENT” to enter it. Move the cursor to
the setting item to be modified, press the “ENT” to enter.
Take the setting [FD.DPFC.I_Set] as an example is selected to modify, then press the “ENT” to
enter and the LCD will display the following interface. Press “+” or “-” to modify the value and
then press the “ENT” to confirm.
FD.DPFC.I_Set
Note!
After modifying protection settings in current active setting group or system parameters of
the device, the “HEALTHY” LED indicator the device will be lit off, and the MON module
will check the new settings. If the abnormality is detected during the setting check,
corresponding alarm signals will be issued. Moreover, if the critical error is detected, the
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Copy Settings”, and
then press the “ENT” to enter the menu.
Copy Settings
Active Group: 01
Copy To Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value. Press the “ESC”, and return to the menu “Settings”.
Press the “ENT”, the LCD will display the interface for password input, if the password is incorrect,
continue inputting it, press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the menu
“Settings”. If the password is correct, the LCD will display “Setting Copied!”, and exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Settings”).
Active Group: 01
Change To Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value, and then press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to
the main menu). After pressing the “ENT”, the LCD will display the password input interface. If the
password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input
interface and return to its original state. If the password is correct, the “HEALTHY” indicator lamp
of the protection device will go out, and the protection device will re-check the protection setting. If
the check doesn’t pass, the protection device will be blocked. If the check is successful, the LCD
will return to its original state.
2. Press the “+”, “-”, “+”, “-” and “ENT”; Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to
the original state). Press the “ENT” to carry out the deletion.
Note!
The operation of deleting device message will delete all messages saved by the protection
device, including disturbance records, supervision events, binary events, but not including
device logs. Furthermore, the message is irrecoverable after deletion, so the application of
the function shall be cautious.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Local Cmd”, and
then press the key “ENT” to enter submenus. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the
cursor to the command menu “Control”, and then press the key “ENT” to enter and the
following display will be shown on LCD.
Password:
000
Input a 3-bit password (“111”). If the password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the
“ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the displayed interface of the command
menu “Control”. If the password is correct, it will go to the following step.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the control object and press the key
“ENT” to select control object.
Control
Step1: select Control Object
1. CSWI01
2. CSWI02
3. CSWI03
4. CSWI04
5. CSWI05
6. CSWI06
7. CSWI07
8. CSWI08
9. CSWI09
10. CSWI10
4. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select control command press the key “ENT” to the next step.
3) Stop: Reserved
CSWI01
Step2: select Control Command
InterlockChk InterlockNotChk
Result
5. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select synchronism check mode and press the key “ENT” to
the next step.
4) LoopCheck: Reserved
CSWI01
Step3: select Execution Condition
InterlockChk InterlockNotChk
Result
6. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select interlock mode and press the key “ENT” to next step.
CSWI01
Step4: select Interlock Condition
InterlockChk InterLockNotChk
Result
7. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select control type and press the key “ENT”.
As shown in the following figure, operation results will be shown after “Result” at the bottom of the
LCD.
CSWI01
Step5: select Control Type
InterlockChk InterLockNotChk
Result
Note!
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Clock” menu, and then press the “ENT”
to enter clock display
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the date or time to be modified;
4. Press the “+” or “-” to modify value, and then press the “ENT” to save the modification
and return to the main menu;
5. Press the “ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the main menu.
Clock
Year: 2008
Month: 11
Day: 28
Hour: 20
Minute: 59
Second: 14
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Information” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Board Info”, and then
press the “ENT” to enter the menu;
5. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Information” menu).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Information” menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the submenu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Version Info”, and
then press the key “ENT” to display the software version.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Test” menu, and then press the key
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the submenu “Device Test”, and then
press the key “ENT” to enter the submenu,to select test item. If “Disturb Events”
“Superv Events” or “IO Events” is selected, two options “All Test” and “Select Test” are
provided.
4. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to select the corresponding command menu
“All Test” or “Select Test”. If selecting the “All Test”, press the “ENT”, and the device will
successively carry out all operation element message test one by one.
5. If “Select Test” is selected, press the key “ENT”. Press the “+” or “-” to page up/down,
and then press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the scroll bar. Move the cursor to select the
corresponding protection element. Press the key “ENT” to execute the communication
test of this protection element, the substation automatic system (SAS) will receive the
corresponding message.
Note!
If no input operation is carried out within 60s, exit the communication transmission and
return to the “Test” menu, at this moment, the LCD will display “Communication Test
Timeout and Exiting...”.
Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Test”, at this moment, the LCD will
display “Communication Test Exiting…”.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Language”, and
then press the key “ENT” to enter the menu and the following display will be shown on
LCD.
1 中文
2 English
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the language user preferred and press
the key “ENT” to execute language switching. After language switching is finished, LCD
will return to the menu “Language”, and the display language is changed. Otherwise,
press the key “ESC” to cancel language switching and return to the menu “Language”.
Note!
LCD interface provided in this chapter is only a reference and available for explaining
specific definition of LCD. The displayed interface of the actual device may be some
different from it, so you shall be subject to the actual protection device.
9 Configurable Function
Table of Contents
9 Configurable Function..................................................................... 9-a
9.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 9-1
9.2 Introduction on PCS-Explorer Software ........................................................ 9-1
9.3 Signal List ........................................................................................................ 9-1
9.3.1 Input Signal ........................................................................................................................ 9-2
List of Tables
Table 9.3-1 Input signals ...........................................................................................................9-2
9.1 Overview
After function configuration is finished, disabled protection function will be hidden in the device and
in setting configuration list of PCS-Explorer Software. The user can select to show or hide some
setting by this way, and modify the setting value.
Please refer to the instruction manual “PCS-Explorer Auxiliary Software” for details.
Overall functions:
If an input signal or output signal is gray in PCS-Explorer, it means that the input signal or output
Note!
PCS-902 can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit
breakers application by PCS-Exploerer. The prefix “CBx.” is added to all signals for circuit
breaker No.x (x=1 or 2). The related protection functions include circuit breaker position
supervision, breaker failure protection, dead zone protection, pole discrepancy protection,
synchrocheck, automatic reclosure, trip logic, CT circuit supervision.
208 CSWIxx.CILO.EnCls It is the interlock status of No.xx closing output of BO module (xx=01~10)
From receiving a closing command, this device will continuously check
whether the 2 voltages (Incoming voltage and reference voltage) involved in
synchronism check(or dead check) can meet the criteria.
209 Sig_Ok_Chk Within the duration of [MCBrd.25.t_Wait_Chk], if the synchronism check(or
dead check) criteria are not met, [Sig_Ok_Chk] will be set as “0”; if the
synchronism check(or dead check) criteria are met, [Sig_Ok_Chk] will be set
as “1”.
It is used to select the local control to No.xx controlled object (CB/DS/ES).
210 CSWIxx.LocCtrl When the local control is active, No.xx binary outputs can only be locally
controlled.
It is used to select the remote control to No.xx controlled object (CB/DS/ES).
211 CSWIxx.RmtCtrl When the remote control is active, No.xx binary outputs can only be remotely
controlled by SCADA or control centers.
It is used to disable the interlock blocking function for control output. If the
212 CSWIxx.CILO.Disable
signal “CSWIxx.CILO.Disable” is “1”, No.xx binary outputs of the device will
258 BIinput.CILO.Disable be gained. If some binary output need not be controlled by three
signals, please cancle the configuration by PCS-Explorer, and
configure it independently.
Faulty phase selection
259 PhSA Phase-A is selected as faulty phase
260 PhSB Phase-B is selected as faulty phase
261 PhSC Phase-C is selected as faulty phase
262 GndFlt Earth fault
10 Communication
Table of Contents
10 Communication ............................................................................ 10-a
10.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Rear Communication Port Information ..................................................... 10-1
10.2.1 RS-485 Interface ............................................................................................................ 10-1
List of Figures
Figure 10.2-1 EIA RS-485 bus connection arrangements.....................................................10-2
Figure 10.4-1 Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the RCB block instance .........................10-9
Figure 10.4-2 Dual-net hot-standby mode sharing the same RCB instance .....................10-10
Figure 10.4-3 Dual-net full duplex mode with 2 independent RCB instances .................. 10-11
10.1 Overview
This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of NR Relays. The protective device
supports a choice of three protocols via the rear communication interface (RS-485 or Ethernet),
selected via the model number by setting. The protocol provided by the protective device is
indicated in the menu “Settings→Device Setup→Comm Settings”.
The rear EIA RS-485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection of whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 protective devices
can be “daisy chained” together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.
It should be noted that the descriptions contained within this section do not aim to fully detail the
protocol itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred to for this
information. This section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the relay.
The EIA RS-485 two-wire connection provides a half-duplex fully isolated serial connection to the
product. The connection is polarized and whilst the product’s connection diagrams indicate the
polarization of the connection terminals it should be borne in mind that there is no agreed
definition of which terminal is which. If the master is unable to communicate with the product, and
the communication parameters match, then it is possible that the two-wire connection is reversed.
The EIA RS-485 bus must have 120Ω (Ohm) ½ Watt terminating resistors fitted at either end
across the signal wires (refer to Figure 10.2-1). Some devices may be able to provide the bus
terminating resistors by different connection or configuration arrangements, in which case
separate external components will not be required. However, this product does not provide such a
facility, so if it is located at the bus terminus then an external termination resistor will be required.
EIA RS-485
Master 120 Ohm
120 Ohm
The EIA RS-485 standard requires that each device is directly connected to the physical cable that
is the communications bus. Stubs and tees are expressly forbidden, such as star topologies. Loop
bus topologies are not part of the EIA RS-485 standard and are forbidden by it also.
Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on the
application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length must
not exceed 500m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end, normally
at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially when the
cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.
This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. At no stage must the signal ground be connected to the cables
screen or to the product’s chassis. This is for both safety and noise reasons.
10.2.1.4 Biasing
It may also be necessary to bias the signal wires to prevent jabber. Jabber occurs when the signal
level has an indeterminate state because the bus is not being actively driven. This can occur when
all the slaves are in receive mode and the master is slow to turn from receive mode to transmit
mode. This may be because the master purposefully waits in receive mode, or even in a high
impedance state, until it has something to transmit. Jabber causes the receiving device(s) to miss
the first bits of the first character in the packet, which results in the slave rejecting the message
and consequentially not responding. Symptoms of these are poor response times (due to retries),
increasing message error counters, erratic communications, and even a complete failure to
communicate.
Biasing requires that the signal lines be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1V. There
should only be one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection point.
The DC source used for the bias must be clean; otherwise noise will be injected. Note that some
devices may (optionally) be able to provide the bus bias, in which case external components will
not be required.
Note!
It is extremely important that the 120Ω termination resistors are fitted. Failure to do so will
result in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the bus.
As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NR cannot assume responsibility for
any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a result of incorrect
application of this voltage.
Ensure that the field voltage is not being used for other purposes (i.e. powering logic inputs)
as this may cause noise to be passed to the communication network.
It is recommended to use twisted screened eight-core cable as the communication cable. A picture
is shown bellow.
Each equipment is connected with an exchanger via communication cable, and thereby it forms a
star structure network. Dual-network is recommended in order to increase reliability. SCADA is
also connected to the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so the every equipment
which has been connected to the exchanger will play a role of slave unit.
SCADA
Switch: Net A
Switch: Net B
……
To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relevant settings to the protective
device must be configured.
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485) is a master/slave interface with the
protective device as the slave device. It is properly developed by NR.
Initialization (reset)
Time synchronization
General interrogation
General commands
Disturbance records
The link layer strictly abides by the rules defined in the IEC60870-5-103.
10.3.2 Initialization
Whenever the protective device has been powered up, or if the communication parameters have
been changed, a reset command is required to initialize the communications. The protective
device will respond to either of the two reset commands (Reset CU or Reset FCB), the difference
is that the Reset CU will clear any unsent messages in the transmit buffer.
The protective device will respond to the reset command with an identification message ASDU 5,
the COT (Cause Of Transmission) of this response will be either Reset CU or Reset FCB
depending on the nature of the reset command.
If the protective device clock is synchronized using the IRIG-B input then it will not be possible to
set the protective device time using the IEC60870-5-103 interface. An attempt to set the time via
the interface will cause the protective device to create an event with the current date and time
taken from the IRIG-B synchronized internal clock.
status of binary signal and alarm element are sent by ASDU1 (time-tagged message). The cause
of transmission (COT) of these responses is 1.
All spontaneous events can be gained by printing, implementing submenu “IEC103 Info” in the
menu “Print”.
Refer the IEC60870-5-103 standard can get the enough details about general interrogation.
All general classification service group numbers can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“IEC103 Info” in the menu “Print”.
The disturbance records are stored in uncompressed format and can be extracted using the
standard mechanisms described in IEC60870-5-103.
All channel numbers (ACC) of disturbance data can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“IEC103 Info” in the menu “Print”.
10.4.1 Overview
The IEC 61850 standard is the result of years of work by electric utilities and vendors of electronic
equipment to produce standardized communications systems. IEC 61850 is a series of standards
describing client/server and peer-to-peer communications, substation design and configuration,
testing, environmental and project standards. The complete set includes:
IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models
IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Principles and models
IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)
IEC 61850-7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Common data classes
IEC 61850-7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Compatible logical node classes and data classes
IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO
9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link
IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3
These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended
that all those involved with any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.
1. MMS protocol
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper
(application) layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for a number
of years and provides a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within a substation LAN
environment. IEC 61850-7-2 abstract services and objects are mapped to actual MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.
2. Client/server
This is a connection-oriented type of communication. The connection is initiated by the client, and
communication activity is controlled by the client. IEC61850 clients are often substation computers
running HMI programs or SOE logging software. Servers are usually substation equipment such
as protection relays, meters, RTUs, transformer, tap changers, or bay controllers.
3. Peer-to-peer
A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe IED configurations and
communication systems according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7. Each configured device has
an IED Capability Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description (CID) file. The
substation single line information is stored in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The
entire substation configuration is stored in a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The
SCD file is the combination of the individual ICD files and the SSD file, moreover, add
communication system parameters (MMS, GOOSE, control block, SV control block) and the
connection relationship of GOOSE and SV to SCD file.
Client-server mode is adopted: clients (SCADA, control center and etc.) communicate with the
IEDs via MMS communication network, and the IEDs operate as the servers. IEDs are connected
to clients passively, and they can interact with the clients according to the configuration and the
issued command of the clients.
Three modes for dual-MMS Ethernet (abbreviated as dual-net) are provided as below.
Note!
Hereinafter, the normal operation status of net means the physical link and TCP link are
both ok. The abnormal operation status of net means physical link or TCP link is broken.
10.4.3.1 Dual-net Full Duplex Mode Sharing the Same RCB Instance
Client Client
Figure 10.4-1 Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the RCB block instance
Net A and Net B share the same report control block (abbreviated as RCB) enabled by the client.
IED sends undifferentiated date through dual-net to the clients. If one net is physically
disconnected, the flag of RCB instance (i.e.: “RptEna” in above figure) is still “true”. Only when
both Net A and Net B are disconnected, the flag of the RCB instance will automatically change to
“false”.
In normal operation status of this mode, IED provides the same MMS service for Net A and Net B.
If one net is physically disconnected (i.e.: “Abnormal operation status” in above figure), the
working mode will switch to single-net mode seamlessly and immediately. Network communication
supervision is unnecessary here, and Buffered Report Control Block (abbreviated as BRCB) need
not to be used. On the other net, date alternation works normally. Therefore, MMS service can
interact normally without interruption. This mode ensures no data loss during one net is in
abnormal operation status.
In this mode, one report will be transmitted twice via dual nets for the same report instance, so the
client needs to distinguish whether two reports are same according to corresponding EntryIDs.
Client Client
Figure 10.4-2 Dual-net hot-standby mode sharing the same RCB instance
In this mode, the MMS service is provided on main MMS link, no MMS service interacts on the
standby MMS link. The definitions of two links are as follows:
Main MMS Link: Physically connected, TCP level connected, MMS report service available.
Standby MMS Link: Physically connected, TCP level connected, MMS report service not
available.
If the main net fails to operate (i.e.: “Abnormal operation status” in the above figure), the IED will
set “RptEna” to “false”. Meanwhile the client will detect the failure by heartbeat message or
“keep-alive”, it will automatically enable the RCB instance by setting “RptEna” back to “true”
through standby MMS link. By the buffer function of BRCB, the IED can provide uninterrupted
MMS service on the standby net. However, the differences of BRCB standards among different
manufacturers may cause data loss. Moreover, if duration of net switch is too long, the data loss is
positively as the capacity of BRCB’s buffer function is limited.
Note!
The first mode and second mode, Net A IED host address and Net B IED host address
must be the same.
For example, if the subnet mask is “255.255.0.0”, network prefix of Net A is “198.120.0.0”,
network prefix of Net B is “198.121.0.0”, Net A IP address of the IED is “198.120.1.2”, and
then Net B IP address of the IED must be configured as “198.121.1.2”, i.e., Net A IED host
address =1x256+2=258, Net B IED host address =1x256+2=258, Net A IED host address
equals to Net B IED host address.
Client Client
Figure 10.4-3 Dual-net full duplex mode with 2 independent RCB instances
In this mode, IED provides 2 report instances for each RCB, Net A and Net B work independently
from each other, failures of any net will not affect the other net at all. Tow report instances are
required for each client. Therefore, the IED may be unable to provide enough report instances if
there are too many clients.
Net A and Net B send the same report separately when they operates normally, To ensure no
repeated data is saved into database, massive calculation is required for the client.
Moreover, accurate clock synchronization of the IED is required to distinguish whether 2 reports
are the same report according to the timestamps. Clock synchronization error of the IED may lead
to report loss/redundancy.
As a conclusion, for the second mode, it’s difficult to realize seamless switchover between dual
nets, however, for the third mode, the IED may be unable to provide enough report instances if too
many clients are applied on site. Considering client treatment and IED implementation, the first
mode (Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the same report instance) is recommended for MMS
communication network deployment.
Each IED represents one IEC61850 physical device. The physical device contains one or more
logical device(s), and the logical device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD
contains information about the IED physical device. The logical node LLN0 contains common
The GGIO logical node is available in the PCS-900 series relays to provide access to digital status
points (including general I/O inputs and warnings) and associated timestamps and quality flags.
The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO provides digital status
points for access by clients. It is intended that clients use GGIO in order to access digital status
values from the PCS-900 series relays. Clients can utilize the IEC61850 buffered reporting
features available from GGIO in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI display
screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering capability
reduces the chances of missing data state changes. All needed status data objects are transmitted
to HMI clients via buffered reporting, and the corresponding buffered reporting control block
(BRCB) is defined in LLN0.
Most of analog measured values are available through the MMXU logical nodes, and metering
values in MMTR, the else in MMXN, MSQI and so on. Each MMXU logical node provides data
from a IED current/voltage “source”. There is one MMXU available for each configurable source.
MMXU1 provides data from CT/VT source 1(usually for protection purpose), and MMXU2 provides
data from CT/VT source 2 (usually for monitor and display purpose). All these analog data objects
are transmitted to HMI clients via unbuffered reporting periodically, and the corresponding
unbuffered reporting control block (URCB) is defined in LLN0. MMXUx logical nodes provide the
following data for each source:
MMXU.MX.Hz: frequency
The following list describes the protection elements for PCS-902 series relays. The specified relay
will contain a subset of protection elements from this list.
PTUC: Undercurrent
PTOC: Phase overcurrent, zero-sequence overcurrent and overcurrent when VT circuit failure
PTUV: Undervoltage
PTOF: Overfrequency
PTUF: Underfrequency
RBRF:Breaker failure
RSYN: Synchronism-check
The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags, instead of any
element has its own start (pickup) flag separately, all the elements share a common start (pickup)
flags “PTRC.ST.Str.general”. The operate flag for PTOC1 is “PTOC1.ST.Op.general”. For
PCS-902 series relays protection elements, these flags take their values from related module for
the corresponding element. Similar to digital status values, the protection trip information is
reported via BRCB, and BRCB also locates in LLN0.
Logical node LLN0 is essential for an IEC61850 based IED. This LN shall be used to address
common issues for Logical Devices. Most of the public services, the common settings, control
values and some device oriented data objects are available here. The public services may be
BRCB, URCB and GSE control blocks and similar global defines for the whole device; the
common settings include all the setting items of communication settings, system settings and
some of the protection setting items, which can be configured to two or more protection elements
(logical nodes). In LLN0, the item Loc is a device control object, this Do item indicates the local
operation for complete logical device, when it is true, all the remote control commands to the IED
will be blocked and those commands make effective until the item Loc is changed to false. In
PCS-900 series relays, besides the logical nodes we describe above, there are some other logical
nodes below in the IEDs:
MMXU: This LN shall be used to acquire values from CTs and VTs and calculate measurands
such as r.m.s. values for current and voltage or power flows out of the acquired voltage and
current samples. These values are normally used for operational purposes such as power
flow supervision and management, screen displays, state estimation, etc. The requested
LPHD: Physical device information, the logical node to model common issues for physical
device.
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning, it shall be used to connect the “operate” outputs of one or
more protection functions to a common “trip” to be transmitted to XCBR. In addition or
alternatively, any combination of “operate” outputs of protection functions may be combined to
a new “operate” of PTRC.
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function. It triggers the fault wave recorder and its output refers
to the “IEEE Standard Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power System”
(IEC 60255-24). All enabled channels are included in the recording, independently of the
trigger mode.
IEC61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting control blocks locate in LLN0, they can be configured
to transmit information of protection trip information (in the Protection logical nodes), binary status
values (in GGIO) and analog measured/calculated values (in MMXU, MMTR and MSQI). The
reporting control blocks can be configured in CID files, and then be sent to the IED via an
IEC61850 client. The following items can be configured.
- Bit 1: Data-change
- Bit 4: Integrity
- Bit 1: Sequence-number
- Bit 2: Report-time-stamp
- Bit 3: Reason-for-inclusion
- Bit 4: Data-set-name
- Bit 5: Data-reference
- Bit 8: Conf-revision
- Bit 9: Segmentation
MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record or other files from
a PCS-900 series relay.
10.4.5.3 Timestamps
The Universal Time Coordinated(UTC for short) timestamp associated with all IEC61850 data
items represents the latest change time of either the value or quality flags of the data item.
IEC61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters.
The name is composed of:
Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPTOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable.
Details regarding the logical node naming rules are given in IEC61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is
recommended that a consistent naming convention be used for an entire substation project.
IEC61850 specifies the type of broadcast data transfer services: Generic Object Oriented
Substation Events (GOOSE). IEC61850 GOOSE services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support,
Ethernet priority tagging, and Ether-type Application ID configuration. The support for VLANs and
priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be
given a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific
VLANs. Devices that transmit GOOSE messages also function as servers. Each GOOSE
publisher contains a “GOOSE control block” to configure and control the transmission.
The GOOSE transmission (including subscribing and publishing) is controlled by GOOSE logic link
settings in device.
The PCS-900 series relays support IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE)
communication. All GOOSE messages contain IEC61850 data collected into a dataset. It is this
dataset that is transferred using GOOSE message services. The GOOSE related dataset is
configured in the CID file and it is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for
implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between PCS-900 series relays.
IEC61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be
correct to achieve the successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the
transmission and reception devices are an exact match in terms of data structure, and that the
GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly.
Where:
C1: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared
O: Optional
M: Mandatory
M7-6 buffer-overflow Y Y N
M7-7 entryID Y Y Y
M7-8 BufTm N N N
M7-9 IntgPd Y Y Y
M7-10 GI Y Y Y
M8 Unbuffered report control M M Y
M8-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M8-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M8-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M8-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M8-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M8-6 BufTm N N N
M8-7 IntgPd N Y Y
Logging
M9 Log control O O N
M9-1 IntgPd N N N
M10 Log O O N
GSE
M12 GOOSE O O Y
M13 GSSE O O N
M14 Multicast SVC O O N
M15 Unicast SVC O O N
M16 Time M M Y
M17 File transfer O O Y
Where:
C2: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared
C3: Shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared
C4: Shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has
been declared
C5: Shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared
M: Mandatory
S2 Associate M Y
S3 Abort M Y
S4 Release M Y
Logical device
S5 LogicalDeviceDirectory M Y
Logical node
S6 LogicalNodeDirectory M Y
S7 GetAllDataValues M Y
Data
S8 GetDataValues M Y
S9 SetDataValues M Y
S10 GetDataDirectory M Y
S11 GetDataDefinition M Y
Data set
S12 GetDataSetValues M Y
S13 SetDataSetValues O Y
S14 CreateDataSet O N
S15 DeleteDataSet O N
S16 GetDataSetDirectory M Y
Substitution
S17 SetDataValues M Y
Setting group control
S18 SelectActiveSG M/O Y
S19 SelectEditSG M/O Y
S20 SetSGValuess M/O Y
S21 ConfirmEditSGValues M/O Y
S22 GetSGValues M/O Y
S23 GetSGCBValues M/O Y
Reporting
Buffered report control block
S24 Report M Y
S24-1 data-change M Y
S24-2 qchg-change M N
S24-3 data-update M N
S25 GetBRCBValues M Y
S26 SetBRCBValues M Y
Unbuffered report control block
S27 Report M Y
S27-1 data-change M Y
S27-2 qchg-change M N
S27-3 data-update M N
S28 GetURCBValues M Y
S29 SetURCBValues M Y
Logging
Log control block
S30 GetLCBValues O N
S31 SetLCBValues O N
Log
S32 QueryLogByTime O N
S33 QueryLogAfter O N
S34 GetLogStatusValues O N
Generic substation event model (GSE)
GOOSE control block
S35 SendGOOSEMessage M Y
S36 GetGoReference O Y
S37 GetGOOSEElementNumber O N
S38 GetGoCBValues M Y
S39 SetGoCBValuess M N
Control
S51 Select O N
S52 SelectWithValue M Y
S53 Cancel M Y
S54 Operate M Y
S55 Command-Termination O Y
S56 TimeActivated-Operate O N
File transfer
S57 GetFile M/O Y
S58 SetFile O N
S59 DeleteFile O N
S60 GetFileAttributeValues M/O Y
Time
SNTP M Y
The PCS-902 series relays support IEC61850 logical nodes as indicated in the following table.
Note that the actual instantiation of each logical node is determined by the product order code.
CILO: Interlocking -
CPOW: Point-on-wave switching -
CSWI: Switch controller -
G: Logical Nodes For Generic References
GAPC: Generic automatic process control YES
GGIO: Generic process I/O YES
GSAL: Generic security application -
I: Logical Nodes For Interfacing And Archiving
IARC: Archiving -
IHMI: Human machine interface -
ITCI: Telecontrol interface -
ITMI: Telemonitoring interface -
A: Logical Nodes For Automatic Control
ANCR: Neutral current regulator -
ARCO: Reactive power control -
ATCC: Automatic tap changer controller -
AVCO: Voltage control -
M: Logical Nodes For Metering And Measurement
MDIF: Differential measurements -
MHAI: Harmonics or interharmonics -
MHAN: Non phase related harmonics or interharmonic -
MMTR: Metering -
MMXN: Non phase related measurement -
MMXU: Measurement YES
MSQI: Sequence and imbalance -
MSTA: Metering statistics -
S: Logical Nodes For Sensors And Monitoring
SARC: Monitoring and diagnostics for arcs -
SIMG: Insulation medium supervision (gas) -
SIML: Insulation medium supervision (liquid) -
SPDC: Monitoring and diagnostics for partial discharges -
X: Logical Nodes For Switchgear
TCTR: Current transformer YES
TVTR: Voltage transformer YES
Y: Logical Nodes For Power Transformers
YEFN: Earth fault neutralizer (Peterson coil) -
YLTC: Tap changer -
YPSH: Power shunt -
YPTR: Power transformer -
Z: Logical Nodes For Further Power System Equipment
ZAXN: Auxiliary network -
ZBAT: Battery -
ZBSH: Bushing -
ZCAB: Power cable -
ZCAP: Capacitor bank -
ZCON: Converter -
ZGEN: Generator -
ZGIL: Gas insulated line -
ZLIN: Power overhead line -
ZMOT: Motor -
ZREA: Reactor -
ZRRC: Rotating reactive component -
ZSAR: Surge arrestor -
ZTCF: Thyristor controlled frequency converter -
ZTRC: Thyristor controlled reactive component -
10.5.1 Overview
The descriptions given here are intended to accompany this relay. The DNP3.0 protocol is not
described here; please refer to the DNP3.0 protocol standard for the details about the DNP3.0
implementation. This manual only specifies which objects, variations and qualifiers are supported
in this relay, and also specifies what data is available from this relay via DNP3.0.
The relay operates as a DNP3.0 slave and supports subset level 2 of the protocol, plus some of
the features from level 3. The DNP3.0 communication uses the Ethernet ports at the rear side of
this relay. The Ethernet ports are optional: electrical or optical.
1. Supported qualifiers
The protection operation signals, alarm signals and binary input state change signals are
transported respectively according to the variation sequence in above table.
Object 2, SOE
If the master qualifier is “0x07”, the slave responsive qualifier is “0x27”; and if the master
qualifier is “0x01”, “0x06” or “0x08”, the slave responsive qualifier is “0x28”.
The measurement values are transported firstly, and then the measurement values are
transported.
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the Class 0 data request and the variation is “0x01”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 1”, “Object 30” and “Object 40” (see
“Supported objects and variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the Class 1 data request and the variation is “0x02”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 2” (see “Supported objects and
variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the multiple object request and the variation is “0x01”,
“0x02”, “0x03” and “0x04”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 1”, “Object 2”, “Object 30” and “Object
40” (see “Supported objects and variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The function code 0x03 and 0x04 are supported in this relay. The function code 0x03 is for the
remote control with selection; and the function code 0x04 is for the remote control with execution.
The selection operation must be executed before the execution operation, and the single point
control object can be supported to this relay.
11 Installation
Table of Contents
11 Installation ...................................................................................... 11-a
11.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 11-1
11.2 Safety Information ........................................................................................ 11-1
11.3 Checking Shipment ...................................................................................... 11-2
11.4 Material and Tools Required ........................................................................ 11-2
11.5 Device Location and Ambient Conditions .................................................. 11-2
11.6 Mechanical Installation ................................................................................ 11-3
11.7 Electrical Installation and Wiring ................................................................ 11-4
11.7.1 Grounding Guidelines .......................................................................................................11-4
List of Figures
Figure 11.6-1 Dimensions and panel cut-out of PCS-902 ..................................................... 11-3
Figure 11.6-2 Demonstration of plugging a board into its corresponding slot .................. 11-4
Figure 11.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables ................................... 11-7
11.1 Overview
The device must be shipped, stored and installed with the greatest care. Choose the place of
installation such that the communication interface and the controls on the front of the device are
easily accessible.
Air must circulate freely around the equipment. Observe all the requirements regarding place of
installation and ambient conditions given in this instruction manual.
Take care that the external wiring is properly brought into the equipment and terminated correctly
and pay special attention to grounding. Strictly observe the corresponding guidelines contained in
this section.
In certain cases, the settings have to be configured according to the demands of the engineering
configuration after replacement. It is therefore assumed that the personnel who replace modules
and units are familiar with the use of the operator program on the service PC.
DANGER!
Only insert or withdraw the PWR module while the power supply is switched off. To this end,
disconnect the power supply cable that connects with the PWR module.
WARNING!
Only insert or withdraw other modules while the power supply is switched off.
WARNING!
The modules may only be inserted in the slots designated in Section 6.2. Components can
be damaged or destroyed by inserting boards in the wrong slots.
DANGER!
Improper handling of the equipment can cause damage or an incorrect response of the
equipment itself or the primary plant.
WARNING!
Industry packs and ribbon cables may only be replaced or the positions of jumpers be
changed on a workbench appropriately designed for working on electronic equipment. The
modules, bus backplanes are sensitive to electrostatic discharge when not in the unit's
housing.
1. Should boards have to be removed from this relay installed in a grounded cubicle in an HV
switchgear installation, please discharge yourself by touching station ground (the cubicle)
beforehand.
2. Only hold electronic boards at the edges, taking care not to touch the components.
3. Only works on boards that have been removed from the cubicle on a workbench designed for
electronic equipment and wear a grounded wristband. Do not wear a grounded wristband,
however, while inserting or withdrawing units.
4. Always store and ship the electronic boards in their original packing. Place electronic parts in
electrostatic screened packing materials.
Visually inspect all the material when unpacking it. When there is evidence of transport damage,
lodge a claim immediately in writing with the last carrier and notify the nearest NR Company or
agent.
If the equipment is not going to be installed immediately, store all the parts in their original packing
in a clean dry place at a moderate temperature. The humidity at a maximum temperature and the
permissible storage temperature range in dry air are listed in Chapter “Technical Data”.
A suitable drill and spanners are required to secure the cubicles to the floor using the plugs
provided (if this relay is mounted in cubicles).
There should also be free access at the rear of the equipment for additions and replacement of
electronic boards.
Since every piece of technical equipment can be damaged or destroyed by inadmissible ambient
conditions, such as:
1. The location should not be exposed to excessive air pollution (dust, aggressive substances).
2. Severe vibration, extreme changes of temperature, high levels of humidity, surge voltages of
high amplitude and short rise time and strong induced magnetic fields should be avoided as
far as possible.
The equipment can in principle be mounted in any attitude, but it is normally mounted vertically
(visibility of markings).
WARNING!
Excessively high temperature can appreciably reduce the operating life of this relay.
Front Side
Cut-Out
Note!
It is necessary to leave enough space top and bottom of the cut-out in the cubicle for heat
emission of this relay.
The safety instructions must be abided by when installing the boards, please see Section 11.2 for
the details.
Following figure shows the installation way of a module being plugged into a corresponding slot.
In the case of equipment supplied in cubicles, place the cubicles on the foundations that have
been prepared. Take care while doing so not to jam or otherwise damage any of the cables that
have already been installed. Secure the cubicles to the foundations.
On the other hand, electronic apparatus can transmit interference that can disrupt the operation of
other apparatus.
In order to minimize these influences as far as possible, certain standards have to be observed
with respect to grounding, wiring and screening.
Note!
All these precautions can only be effective if the station ground is of good quality.
Metal accessories such as side plates, blanking plates etc., must be effectively connected
surface-to-surface to the grounded frame to ensure a low-impedance path to ground for RF
interference. The contact surfaces must not only conduct well, they must also be non-corroding.
Note!
If the above conditions are not fulfilled, there is a possibility of the cubicle or parts of it
forming a resonant circuit at certain frequencies that would amplify the transmission of
interference by the devices installed and also reduce their immunity to induced interference.
Movable parts of the cubicle such as doors (front and back) or hinged equipment frames must be
effectively grounded to the frame by three braided copper strips (see Figure 11.7-1).
The metal parts of the cubicle housing and the ground rail are interconnected electrically
conducting and corrosion proof. The contact surfaces shall be as large as possible.
Note!
For metallic connections please observe the voltage difference of both materials according
to the electrochemical code.
The cubicle ground rail must be effectively connected to the station ground rail by a grounding strip
(braided copper).
Door or hinged
equipment frame
Cubicle ground
rail close to floor
Braided
copper strip
Station
ground
Conducting
connection
There are some ground terminals on some connectors of this relay, and the sign is “GND”. All the
ground terminals are connected in the cabinet of this relay. So, the ground terminal on the rear
panel (see Figure 11.7-2) is the only ground terminal of this device.
The grounding strips must therefore be of (preferably tinned) braided copper and not round copper
conductors, as the cross-section of round copper would have to be too large.
Proper terminations must be fitted to both ends (press/pinch fit and tinned) with a hole for bolting
them firmly to the items to be connected.
The surfaces to which the grounding strips are bolted must be electrically conducting and
non-corroding.
Press/pinch fit
cable terminal
Braided
copper strip Terminal bolt
Contact surface
Power supply, binary inputs & outputs: brained copper cable, 1.0mm 2 ~ 2.5mm 2
The following figure shows the glancing demo about the wiring for the electrical cables.
01 02
03 04
Tighten 05 06
07 08
09 10
11 12
01
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Figure 11.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to
be opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a
dangerously high voltage.
12 Commissioning
Table of Contents
12 Commissioning ............................................................................. 12-a
12.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 12-1
12.2 Safety Instructions ...................................................................................... 12-1
12.3 Commission Tools ...................................................................................... 12-2
12.3.1 Minimum Equipment Required ........................................................................................ 12-2
12.1 Overview
This device is fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection and non-protection
functions in software. The relay employs a high degree of self-checking and in the unlikely event of
a failure, will give an alarm. As a result of this, the commissioning test does not need to be as
extensive as with non-numeric electronic or electro-mechanical relays.
To commission numerical relays, it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is functioning
correctly and the application-specific software settings have been applied to the relay.
Blank commissioning test and setting records are provided at the end of this manual for
completion as required.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of the
safety and technical data sections and the ratings on the equipment’s rating label.
WARNING!
WARNING!
Only the qualified personnel shall work on and around this equipment after becoming
thoroughly familiar with all warnings and safety notices of this manual as well as with the
applicable safety regulations.
1. The earthing screw of the device must be connected solidly to the protective earth conductor
before any other electrical connection is made.
2. Hazardous voltages can be present on all circuits and components connected to the supply
voltage or to the measuring and test quantities.
3. Hazardous voltages can be present in the device even after disconnection of the supply
voltage (storage capacitors!)
4. The limit values stated in the Chapter “Technical Data” must not be exceeded at all, not even
during testing and commissioning.
5. When testing the device with secondary test equipment, make sure that no other
measurement quantities are connected. Take also into consideration that the trip circuits and
maybe also close commands to the circuit breakers and other primary switches are
disconnected from the device unless expressly stated.
DANGER!
Current transformer secondary circuits must have been short-circuited before the current
leads to the device are disconnected.
WARNING!
Primary test may only be carried out by qualified personnel, who are familiar with the
commissioning of protection system, the operation of the plant and safety rules and
regulations (switching, earthing, etc.).
2. Multimeter with suitable AC current range and AC/DC voltage ranges of 0~440Vac and
0~250Vdc respectively.
Note!
Modern test set may contain many of the above features in one unit.
2. A portable PC, with appropriate software (this enables the rear communications port to be
tested, if this is to be used, and will also save considerable time during commissioning).
3. EIA RS-485 to EIA RS-232 converter (if EIA RS-485 IEC60870-5-103 port is being tested).
With the front cover in place all keys are accessible. All menu cells can be read. The LED
indicators and alarms can be reset. Protection or configuration settings can be changed, or fault
and event records cleared. However, menu cells will require the appropriate password to be
entered before changes can be made.
These product checks cover all aspects of the relay which should be checked to ensure that it has
not been physically damaged prior to commissioning, is functioning correctly and all input quantity
measurements are within the stated tolerances.
If the application-specific settings have been applied to the relay prior to commissioning, it is
advisable to make a copy of the settings so as to allow them restoration later. This could be done
by extracting the settings from the relay itself via printer or manually creating a setting record.
This relay is fully numerical and the hardware is continuously monitored. Commissioning tests can
be kept to a minimum and need only include hardware tests and conjunctive tests. The function
tests are carried out according to user’s correlative regulations.
The following tests are necessary to ensure the normal operation of the equipment before it is first
put into service.
1. Hardware tests
These tests are performed for the following hardware to ensure that there is no hardware defect.
Defects of hardware circuits other than the following can be detected by self-monitoring when the
DC power is supplied.
5. Function tests
These tests are performed for the following functions that are fully software-based. Tests of the
protection schemes and fault locator require a dynamic test set.
7. Timers test
9. Conjunctive tests
The tests are performed after the relay is connected with the primary equipment and other external
equipment.
After unpacking the product, check for any damage to the relay case. If there is any damage, the
internal module might also have been affected, contact the vendor. The following items listed is
necessary.
1. Protection panel
Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts inside to see
that no physical damage has occurred since installation.
The rated information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is correct for the
particular installation.
2. Panel wiring
Check the conducting wire which is used in the panel to assure that their cross section meeting the
requirement.
Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.
3. Label
Check all the isolator binary inputs, terminal blocks, indicators, switches and push buttons to make
sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.
Check each plug-in module of the device on the panel to make sure that they are well installed into
the equipment without any screw loosened.
5. Earthing cable
Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.
Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator binary inputs and push buttons work
normally and smoothly.
Insulation resistance tests are only necessary during commissioning if it is required for them to be
done and they have not been performed during installation.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the isolation with an electronic or brushless insulation
tester at a DC voltage not exceeding 500V, The circuits need to be tested should include:
DC power supply
Output contacts
Communication ports
Test method:
To unplug all the terminals sockets of this relay, and do the Insulation resistance test for each
circuit above with an electronic or brushless insulation tester.
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected
to the protection.
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram and scheme diagram.
Ensure as far as practical that phasing/phase rotation appears to be as expected.
Check the wiring against the schematic diagram for the installation to ensure compliance with the
customer’s normal practice.
The relay only can be operated under the auxiliary power supply depending on the relay’s nominal
power supply rating.
The incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Chapter “Technical Data”,
before energizing the relay, measure the auxiliary supply to ensure it within the operating range.
Other requirements to the auxiliary power supply are specified in Chapter “Technical Data”. See
this section for further details about the parameters of the power supply.
WARNING!
Energize this relay only if the power supply is within the specified operating ranges in
Chapter “Technical Data”.
The current and voltage transformer connections must remain isolated from the relay for these
checks. The trip circuit should also remain isolated to prevent accidental operation of the
associated circuit breaker.
Connect the relay to DC power supply correctly and turn the relay on. Check program version and
forming time displayed in command menu to ensure that are corresponding to what ordered.
If the time and date is not being maintained by substation automation system, the date and time
should be set manually.
Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using menu item “Clock”.
In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, with a super capacitor fitted on MON board, the time and
date will be maintained. Therefore when the auxiliary supply is restored the time and date will be
correct and not need to set again.
To test this, remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for approximately 30s. After being
re-energized, the time and date should be correct.
On power up, the green LED “HEALTHY” should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that
the relay is healthy.
The relay has latched signal relays which remember the state of the trip, auto-reclose when the
relay was last energized from an auxiliary supply. Therefore these indicators may also illuminate
when the auxiliary supply is applied. If any of these LEDs are on then they should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LED successfully reset, the LED goes out. There is no testing
required for that that LED because it is known to be operational.
It is likely that alarms related to voltage transformer supervision will not reset at this stage.
Apply the rated DC power supply and check that the “HEALTHY” LED is lighting in green. We
need to emphasize that the “HEALTHY” LED is always lighting in operation course except that the
equipment find serious errors in it.
Produce one of the abnormal conditions listed in Chapter “Supervision”, the “ALARM” LED will
light in yellow. When abnormal condition reset, the “ALARM” LED extinguishes.
This test verified that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated current to each current transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is 2.5% or 0.02In. However, an additional allowance
must be made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
Note!
The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent accidental
operation of the associated circuit breaker.
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Ia
Three-phase current 1 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current 2 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current 3 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current …… Ib
Ic
This test verified that the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated voltage to each voltage transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the relay is 2.5% or 0.1V. However an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
Note!
The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent accidental
operation of the associated circuit breaker.
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Ua
Three-phase voltage 1
Ub
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage 2 Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage 3 Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage…… Ub
Uc
Residual voltage 1 3U0
Residual voltage 2 3U0
Residual voltage 3 3U0
Residual voltage …… 3U0
This test checks that all the binary inputs on the device are functioning correctly. The binary inputs
should be energized one at a time, see external connection diagrams for terminal numbers.
Ensure that the voltage applied on the binary input must be within the operating range. The status
of each binary input can be viewed using relay menu. Sign “1” denotes an energized input and
sign “0” denotes a de-energized input.
In order to acquire the details of protection operation, it is convenient to print the fault report of
protection device. The printing work can be easily finished when operator presses the print button
on panel of protection device to energize binary input [BI_Print] or operate control menu. What
should be noticed is that only the latest fault report can be printed if operator presses the print
button. A complete fault report includes the content shown as follows.
3. Self-check and the transition of binary input in the process of devices start
1. Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct.
However, these checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the
tenderization of the plant being protected.
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has
been removed to allow testing.
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to
perform any of the foregoing tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in
accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. Confirm current and voltage
transformer wiring.
After the above tests are completed, remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to perform the
wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
If the protection is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained, the circuit
breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero. If a test block is installed, remove the
test plug and replace the cover so that the protection is put into service.
Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records and alarms have been cleared
and LED’s has been reset before leaving the protection.
13 Maintenance
Table of Contents
13 Maintenance .................................................................................. 13-a
13.1 Appearance Check ...................................................................................... 13-1
13.2 Failure Tracing and Repair ......................................................................... 13-1
13.3 Replace Failed Modules ............................................................................. 13-1
13.3.1 Preparation for Replace Module ...................................................................................... 13-2
The device is designed to require no special maintenance. All measurement and signal processing
circuit are fully solid state. All input modules are also fully solid state. The output relays are
hermetically sealed.
Since the device is almost completely self-monitored, from the measuring inputs to the output
relays, hardware and software defects are automatically detected and reported. The
self-monitoring ensures the high availability of the device and generally allows for a corrective
rather than preventive maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance checks in short intervals are
not required.
Operation of the device is automatically blocked when a hardware failure is detected. If a problem
is detected in the external measuring circuits, the device normally only provides alarm messages.
2. It is only allowed to plug or withdraw relay board when the supply is reliably switched off.
Never allow the CT secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be opened while the primary
system is live when withdrawing an AC module. Never try to insert or withdraw the relay board
when it is unnecessary.
3. Check weld spots on PCB whether they are well soldered without any rosin joint. All dual
inline components must be well plugged.
When a failure is detected by supervision, a remote alarm is issued and the failure is indicated on
the front panel with LED indicators and LCD display. It is also recorded in the event record.
Failures detected by supervision are traced by checking the “Superv Events” screen on the LCD.
Repair at the site should be limited to module replacement. Maintenance at the component level is
not recommended.
Check that the replacement module has an identical module name (AI, PWR, MON, DSP, BI, BO,
etc.) and hardware type-form as the removed module. Furthermore, MON module replaced should
have the same software version. In addition, the AI and PWR module replaced should have the
same ratings.
The module name is indicated on the top front of the module. The software version is indicated in
LCD menu “Version Info”.
Caution!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the MON or DSP module, check the
settings.
3. Short circuit all AC current inputs and disconnect all AC voltage inputs
Warning!
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power
supply. It takes approximately 30 seconds for the voltage to discharge.
2. Unplug the ribbon cable on the front panel by pushing the catch outside.
6. After replacing the MON or DSP module, input the application-specific setting values again.
Warning!
Units and modules may only be replaced while the supply is switched off and only by
appropriately trained and qualified personnel. Strictly observe the basic precautions to
guard against electrostatic discharge.
Warning!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the MON or DSP module, check the
settings.
Danger!
After replacing modules, be sure to check that the same configuration is set as before the
replacement. If this is not the case, there is a danger of the unintended operation of
switchgear taking place or of protections not functioning correctly. Persons may also be
put in danger.
13.4 Cleaning
Before cleaning the relay, ensure that all AC/DC supplies, current transformer connections are
isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst cleaning. Use a smooth cloth to clean
the front panel. Do not use abrasive material or detergent chemicals.
13.5 Storage
The spare relay or module should be stored in a dry and clean room. Based on IEC standard
60255-1 the storage temperature should be from -40°C to +70°C, but the temperature of from 0°C
to +40°C is recommended for long-term storage.
Table of Contents
14 Decommissioning and Disposal................................................. 14-a
14.1 Decommissioning ....................................................................................... 14-1
14.2 Disposal ....................................................................................................... 14-1
14.1 Decommissioning
1. Switching off
To switch off the PCS-902, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply.
2. Disconnecting Cables
Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the PWR module of the
PCS-902, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply is
switched off.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.
3. Dismantling
The PCS-902 rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles may
also be removed.
Danger!
When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.
14.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.
Note!
Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.