Pathway To A Smart Grid

Pathways to
a Smart Grid
Dr. Udo Niehage

Group President
Power Transmission
and Distribution Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved.
Electrical energy is the backbone of our society
Slide 2 8.11.2007 Dr. Udo Niehage Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution
Future grids require more flexibility
Integration of Increasing distance

Increased energy Increasing short-
distributed energy between generation
trading circuit currents
resources and load
High supply Fluctuating infeed

quality along with
greater network
complexity and
vulnerability Cost pressure
Aging Legal &

infrastructure and regulatory
lack of experts framework
Drivers for flexible and (cost)-efficient grids

The Siemens Smart Grid Vision
is driven by customer benefits
Technical Implementation (Examples)

Smart Grid means …
Transmission Grid Distribution Grid
§ Wide Area Monitoring § Smart Meters
Improved § Condition Monitoring § Distribution
Automation
Observability
Drivers
§ Increased use of § Demand Side

Improved power electronics Management
§ Distribution
Controllability
Automation
Improved
Utility IT solutions
Process efficiency
Pathways to a Smart Grid
Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhanced

observability, controllability and process efficiency.
Transmission
From To
Manual reaction to critical Blackout prevention by increasing the situational
network situations • awareness and automated counter measures
Primary equipment condition Condition monitoring for controlled overload of

not well known ‚ bottlenecks and reliability centered asset managem.
Limited control of Power flow control and transmission capacity

power flow
ƒ increase by using power electronics
Central generation, Integration of distributed generation and storage

„
Distribution
decentralized consumption by virtual power plants
Unmanaged, not transparent

consumption
… Smart metering and load management

Transmission
From To


power flow

„
Distribution

consumption
Future Energy Management Systems systems will have
to handle complex situations much better than today
By clear decisions
Supplement the message
reports
2000 MW
Pump Load
OFF
The grid dispatcher has to decide within seconds.

Wrong decisions or inactivity may lead to Blackouts.

Transmission
From To


power flow

„
Distribution

consumption
Reliability Centered Asset Management for
T&D equipment
100%
EENS share per component
Contribution of
90%
•Inspections
80%
70% each component to

60%
50%
transformers
overhead lines
system reliability •Operational data

cables
•Monitoring data
40%
66 kV bus bars
66 kV nodes
11 kV nodes
30%
20%
(„Expected Energy not
10%
0%
Network Components
supplied“) •etc.
Importance Condition
condition
Source: Siemens PTD SE, Kaiser / PTD TI, Menke, 12/2006

importance
Prioritization
Prioritization and
and
§ strategy
strategy development
development
Boundary Business
Business strategy
strategy
Boundary conditions
conditions
Reliability Centered Asset
Rules
Rules
Management Strategy
Transformer Monitoring for Hydro Quebec
Substation 1 Substation 2 Substation 3
Wireless Wireless Wireless
Utility
Siemens Minneapolis Data Center Peak load transmission at

Application
Server WEB Server
low ambient temperatures
Communication
Server
FireWall
Utility
Remote Desktop
session over the Web

Transmission
From To


power flow

„
Distribution

consumption
Power electronics for power flow management
DE CZ
Conventional grid:
Power flow
“according to
Kirchhoff’s law”
DE CZ
“Smart Grid”:
Power flow
controlled by power
electronics
Advanced Power Transmission Solutions
with HVDC and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmissions Systems)
North
North System
System
50
50 Hz
Hz
Power Exchange Central
Central System
System
– Asynchronous 60
Tariff Networks 60 Hz
Hz
voltage
Avoidance of
Loop Flows
~
control
Submarine
Cable Link
Clean &
Low Cost
Energy
Bulk Power &

Long Distance
Submarine
Cable Link
Power
Exchange
Tariff
South
~
South System
System
60
60 Hz
Hz
Symbols:
DC Transmission
& Interconnection Series compensation Parallel compensation
HVDC for remote hydro power in China
§ Sole solution to use

hydro power from
Yunnan in the Pearl
River delta.
§ HVDC with the
world’s highest power
capacity ever:
5000 MW across
1400km
§ World’s first
800kV HVDC
Enabled CO2
abatement:
32.900.000 t/a

Transmission
From To


power flow

„
Distribution

consumption
Virtual power plants to manage
distributed energy resources
EEX-
Leipzig
n Optimized combination and capacity utilization of

distributed small power plants
n Allows SaarEnergie to participate in energy trading

via the German-based
European Energy Exchange (EEX)

Transmission
From To


power flow

„
Distribution

consumption
Generation and load in a dynamic equilibrium
Energy trading
Power flow
reversal Replace oil by
Fluctuating infeed wind power
€(t)
Cooling
Plug-in Hybrids Heat pumps
units
Example 1:
Internal combustion engine vs. electric motor
Internal combustion engine

⇒ Total efficiency: gasoline: approx. 18%, diesel: approx. 22%
Electric motor
• Efficiency of a combined cycle power plant: 58%
• Additional transmission losses: 5%
• Li-ion battery losses: 14%
• Efficiency of engine and drive: 80%
⇒ Total efficiency: 38%
Example 2:
Use of fossil fuels to generate heat
• Efficiency of gas-fired condensing boiler 100%

• Efficiency of a combined cycle power plant: 58%

• Additional transmission losses: 5%
• Seasonal performance factor of heat pumps: 3.5
The replacement potential is significant
Energy consumption of private households in Germany 2002
domestic hot water lighting

1%
8%
appliances
8%
53% heating
30%
car
Source: VDEW
Increasing electricity usage means
reducing CO2 emissions
Energy-related CO2 emissions in Gt CO2 (segments in %)
38.9 38.0
36.1
41 41
26.3 46 24.5 23.8
21.9
Power
41 30 30
sector 34
59 59
Other 54 70
59 70 66
sectors
2005 Most likely Most likely H2 Most likely Blue Sky 2030 Blue Sky H2 Blue Sky
2030 2030 Electric 2030 2030 Electric 2030
Source: Siemens E&EC Team, Reference scenario Extreme climate protection scenario
PG GS4
“Most likely” "Blue sky"
§ Accelerated penetration of electric power in § Substitution of energy carriers by hydrogen
Electric: transportation, residential, industrial sector H2: § Pre-requisite: Technological breakthroughs for
§ Replacing direct use of fossil fuels hydrogen and fuel-cell technologies
Electrical energy is the backbone of our society

Pathway To A Smart Grid

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Pathways to

Dr. Udo Niehage

Integration of Increasing distance

High supply Fluctuating infeed

Aging Legal &

Drivers for flexible and (cost)-efficient grids

Technical Implementation (Examples)

§ Increased use of § Demand Side

Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhanced

Primary equipment condition Condition monitoring for controlled overload of

Limited control of Power flow control and transmission capacity

Central generation, Integration of distributed generation and storage

Unmanaged, not transparent

Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhanced

Primary equipment condition Condition monitoring for controlled overload of

Limited control of Power flow control and transmission capacity

Central generation, Integration of distributed generation and storage

Unmanaged, not transparent

The grid dispatcher has to decide within seconds.

Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhanced

Primary equipment condition Condition monitoring for controlled overload of

Limited control of Power flow control and transmission capacity

Central generation, Integration of distributed generation and storage

Unmanaged, not transparent

70% each component to

system reliability •Operational data

Source: Siemens PTD SE, Kaiser / PTD TI, Menke, 12/2006

Wireless Wireless Wireless

Siemens Minneapolis Data Center Peak load transmission at

Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhanced

Primary equipment condition Condition monitoring for controlled overload of

Limited control of Power flow control and transmission capacity

Central generation, Integration of distributed generation and storage

Unmanaged, not transparent

Bulk Power &

§ Sole solution to use

Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhanced

Primary equipment condition Condition monitoring for controlled overload of

Limited control of Power flow control and transmission capacity

Central generation, Integration of distributed generation and storage

Unmanaged, not transparent

n Optimized combination and capacity utilization of

n Allows SaarEnergie to participate in energy trading

Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhanced

Primary equipment condition Condition monitoring for controlled overload of

Limited control of Power flow control and transmission capacity

Central generation, Integration of distributed generation and storage

Unmanaged, not transparent

Internal combustion engine

• Efficiency of gas-fired condensing boiler 100%

• Efficiency of a combined cycle power plant: 58%

Energy consumption of private households in Germany 2002

domestic hot water lighting

Energy-related CO2 emissions in Gt CO2 (segments in %)

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