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AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE

RSHA FWZ
OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
AmI
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS
RELATION WITH OTHER COMPUTER SCIENCE AREA
5Ws AND 3Ps
ARCHITECTURE
COMPONENTS
AmI SYSTEM- PLANNING
APPLICATION AREAS
CHALLENGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is an emerging discipline that brings intelligence to our everyday environments
and make those environments sensitive to us.

AmI is a network of hidden intelligent interfaces that recognize our presence and mould our environment to
our immediate needs.

AmI refers to a digital environment that proactively, but sensibly, supports in their everyday lives.

AmI will make the feeling that the people live with technology.

It is aligned with the concept of ‘disappearing computer’, since the AmI environment make the technology
invisible.
HISTORY
1998, ’Philips’ sets out with a vision of 2020, where a user friendly consumer electronic
industry would exist.
1999, Oxygen Alliance.
2002, Home Lab.
European Commission used the vision in FP6.
2004, First EUSAI was held, followed by many conferences to date.
AmI
1. VISION

According to AmI vision, “people will not just use technology; they will live with it.”
Hence AmI is :-

o vision for our environment

o ‘smart electronic environments that are sensitive and responsive to the presence of people.’

o ‘Electronics embedded in every-day objects; natural interaction; context aware; personalized;


adaptive; responsive; pro-active.’

o Enhancing productivity, healthcare, well-being, expressiveness, creativity.


AmI
2. SEMANTICS

The term Ambient refers to the environment and reflects the need for typical requirements such
as:
o Distribution refers to noncentral systems control and computation.

o Ubiquity means the embedding is present everywhere.

o Transparency indicates that the surrounding systems are invisible and unobtrusive.

The term Intelligence means the digital surroundings exhibit specific forms of social
interactions. In short, the environment should be intelligent.
AmI
3. KEY CONCEPTS

To refine the notion of AmI, Marzano and Emile Aarts formulated 5 key concepts of AmI:

o Embedded. Many networked devices are integrated into the environment.

o Context aware. The system can recognize you and your situational context.

o Personalized. The system can tailor itself to meet your needs.

o Adaptive. It can change in response to you.

o Anticipatory. The system anticipates your desires without conscious mediation.


AmI
4. KEY TECHNOLOGIES
In order for AmI to become a reality a number of key technologies are required:

o Unobtrusive hardware (Miniaturization, Nanotechnology, smart devices, sensors etc.)

o Seamless mobile/fixed communication and computing infrastructure (interoperability, wired and wireless
networks, service-oriented architecture, semantic web etc.)

o Dynamic and massively distributed device networks, which are easy to control and program (e.g. service
discovery, auto-configuration, end-user programmable devices and systems etc.)

o Human-centric computer interfaces (intelligent agents, multimodal interaction, context awareness etc.)

o Dependable and secure systems and devices (self-testing and self-repairing software, privacy ensuring
technology etc.)
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS
ISTAG identified a series of necessary characteristics that will permit the eventual societal
acceptance of AmI.
AmI should:

 facilitate human contact.

 be orientated towards community and cultural enhancement.

 help to build knowledge and skills for work, better quality of work, citizenship and consumer
choice.

 inspire trust and confidence.

 be made easy to live with and controllable by ordinary people


RELATION WITH OTHER
COMPUTER SCIENCE AREAS
RELATION WITH OTHER
COMPUTER SCIENCE AREAS
Systems are being designed in such a way that people do not need to be a
computer specialist to benefit from computing power.

This technical possibility is being explored in an area called AmI where the idea
of making computing available to people in a non-intrusive way is at the core of its
values.

Networks, Sensors, Human Computer Interfaces(HCI), Pervasive Ubiquitous


Computing, Artificial Intelligence(AI) are all relevant and interrelated but none of
them conceptually covers the full scope of AmI.
RELATION WITH OTHER
COMPUTER SCIENCE AREAS
AmI puts together all these resources to provide flexible and intelligent services
to users acting in their environments.

The benefit of an AmI system is measured by how much can give to people
while minimizing explicit interaction.

The aim is to enrich specific places (a room, a building, a car, a street) with
computing facilities.
5Ws AND 3Ps
5Ws are:
1. Who
o Identification of a user in the system and the role that user plays within the system in relation to other users.

2. Where
o Tracking of the location where a user or an object is geographically located at each moment during the system
operation.

3. When
o Association of activities with time is required to build a realistic picture of a system’s dynamic.

4. What
o Recognition of activities and tasks users are performing is fundamental in order to provide appropriate help if
required.

5. Why
o Capability to infer and understand intentions and goals behind activities is one of the hardest challenges in the area
but a fundamental one which allows the system to anticipate needs and serve users in a sensible way.
5Ws AND 3Ps
3Ps are:
1. People
o People’s desire to have devices that amplify human powers without hindering or cluttering their lives is what
drives the increasing miniaturization of devices.
o AmI intends to improve the quality of people’s lives.
o Not everything that’s possible with technology is actually desirable. Therefore, it’s crucial that people make
the right choices with ambient intelligence.
o This is only possible if people agree on what quality of life and what sort of world they would like to see
develop.

2. Planet
o AmI has a great contribution to the planet. AmI provides better care for the environment.
o Numerous novel ecological developments are possible by integrating smart electronics into the environment.
o They aid in checking pollution and checking uncontrolled dumping of waste products.
o There are also techniques for determining energy wastage and reduce needless consumption.
5Ws AND 3Ps
3. Profit
o Ambient Intelligence describes a new economy called “experience economy”.
o People are willing to spend money for getting better experience.
o Recollection of a personal event might just bring back that good old feeling. Virtual worlds in an
ambient-intelligent environment might support such events.
o A salient property of an experience is that it can feel real, whether it has been generated by a real or
a virtual cause.
ARCHITECTURE
Sensors bring data to the system.
The data collected is transmitted by the network and pre-processed by the middleware, which
collates and harmonizes data from different devices.
Elements that may be included in the high level ‘Decision Making’ process are a ‘Knowledge
Repository’ where the events are collected and an ‘AI Reasoner’ which will apply to take
decisions.
For example, a decision could be to perform some action in the environment and this is enabled
via ‘Actuators’.
Knowledge discovery and machine learning techniques learn from the acquired information in
order to update the AI Reasoner in the light of experience of the system.
COMPONENTS
1. Ubiquitous computing means integration of microprocessors into everyday objects.
2. Ubiquitous communication enables these objects to communicate with each other and the
user by means of ad-hoc and wireless networking.
3. User adaptive interfaces(Intelligent social user interfaces - ISUIs) enables the inhabitants
of the AmI environment to control and interact with the environment in a natural (voice,
gestures) and personalised way (preferences, context).
PLANNING
Features
AmI system is composed of numerous agents. Agents are smart devices, which are fixed or
mobile devices. Agents form part of AmI system either permanently or temporarily.

Features of AmI are:


o Some agents could take no responsibility in building the plan because of their limitations in
processing and communication. This pushes toward the centralized planning process.
o The skills to perceive the environment and to perform the actions are distributed over the agents. This
pulls toward the distributed planning process.
PLANNING
Why planning is needed for AmI applications?

o The development of ambient intelligence (AmI) applications that effectively adapt


to the needs of the users and environments requires the presence of planning
mechanisms for goal-oriented behavior. An AmI system that plans is able to find a
course of action that, when executed, achieves a desired effect. The planning system
builds plans according to the capabilities of available devices that perform actions to
satisfy the user’s need.

o A planning system for AmI applications proposed by Francesco Amigoni, Associate


Member, IEEE and Nicola Gatti, Member, IEEE, is based on the hierarchical task
network (HTN) approach and it is called distributed hierarchical task network (D-
HTN). D-HTN planner can support both the features of AmI systems; i.e.,
centralized as well as distributed features.
PLANNING
Planning and DHTN Planner
o A planning algorithm has three inputs:
• a description of the world,
• a description of the goal, and
• a description of the capabilities in form of possible actions that can be performed.
o The planning algorithm’s output is a sequence of actions such that, when they are executed in a domain
satisfying the initial state description, the goal will be achieved.
o AmI system need a centralized planner that manages distributed capabilities.
o A distributed HTN approach appears appropriate for AmI applications because it naturally supports
heterogeneous agents and knowledge exchange among them.
o D-HTN planners are based on the concept of task network that is represented as:

[(n1:a1 ),(n2:a2 ),……(nm: am), f]


PLANNING
A task network can be represented by a graph.
PLANNING
Functions of Agents and Planner in DHTN planner:
o AGENT:
 Each agent keeps a local data structure called plan library, which stores all the decompositions it knows.
 The decompositions in the plan library of an agent have been defined by the designer during the installation of the
agent and are peculiar for each agent.
o PLANNER:
 generate a plan, the other agents are only requested to communicate decompositions .
By means of a communication mechanism based on message passing,
 the planner can ask the currently connected agents to send their available decompositions for a given task
 the agents can send to the planner the requested decompositions.
APPLICATION AREAS
Health-related applications

Public transportation sector

Education services

Emergency services

Production-oriented places
CHALLENGES
In Interaction Technology
 Develop ambient interaction concepts that are truly intelligent, simple and intuitive.
 Integrate multi-modality with context awareness and intuitive feedback mechanisms.
 Develop interaction concepts for novel AmI technologies.
 Integrate smart media access into surroundings.
In Innovation
 Build an ecosystem that uses co-creation as a model for open innovation.
 Involve multiple parties in the user centered design cycle at large.
 Concentrate on well-defined business domains.
 Develop new business models for AmI innovation.
CHALLENGES
In Involvement
 Reach out to ordinary people so as to let them participate in the AmI effort.
 Involve ordinary people in the user centred design cycle at large.
 Let people experience the AmI future and live in it yourselves.
 Make AmI part of education.
CONCLUSION
AmI is establishing fast as an area where a confluence of topics can converge communication,
computing, consumer electronics to help society through technology.
There are still many challenges ahead and improvements are needed at all levels: infrastructure,
algorithms and human-computer interaction for AmI systems to be widely accepted and more
important of all, be useful to society.
REFERENCES
1. Philips Research technology magazine, Password: Issue 23 – May 2005
2. www.Wikipedia.com
3. www.seminarsonly.com
4. www.slideshare.com

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