Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(NCM 119)
Midterm Exam
INSRUCTON: Shade the letter of the best answer on the provided ANSWER SHEET. No corrections or
superimpositions on the ANSWER SHEET. You may write on the questionnaire. CHEATING IS
PROHIBITED.
6. St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new Performance Improvement Department. Ms. Valencia
is appointed as the Quality Control Officer. She commits herself to her new role and plans her strategies
to realize the goals and objectives of the department. Which of the following is a primary task that they
should perform to have an effective control system?
7. Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be followed. Among the following standards, which is
considered as a structure standard?
B. Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient care personnel.
8. When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type of standards?
A. Process
B. Outcome
C. Structure
D. Criteria
10. Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers to:
A. Span of control
B. Unity of command
11. She notes that there is an increasing unrest of the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of
staff. Which action is a priority?
12. She decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of the following is an advantage of this
system of staffing?
B. Conserves time
13. Aubrey thinks about primary nursing as a system to deliver care. Which of the following activities is
NOT done by a primary nurse?
14. She plans of assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy. Which process
refers to this?
A. Staffing
B. Scheduling
C. Recruitment
D. Induction
15. Ms. Caputo is newly-promoted to a patient care manager position. She updates her knowledge on
the theories in management and leadership in order to become effective in her new role. She learns that
some managers have low concern for services and high concern for staff. Which style of management
refers to this?
A. Organization Man
B. Impoverished Management
D. Team Management
16. Her former manager demonstrated passion for serving her staff rather than being served. She takes
time to listen. Prefers to be a teacher first before being a leader. Which is characteristic of leader is
mentioned
A. Transformational leader
B. Transactional leader
C. Servant leader
D. Charismatic leader
17. On the other hand. Ms. Caputo notices that the Chief Nurse Executive has charismatic leadership
style. Which of the following behaviors best describes this style?
A. Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets attracted of him and regards him with
reverence
B. Acts as he does because he expects that his behavior will yield positive results
18. Which of the following conclusions of Ms. Caputo about leadership characteristics is TRUE?
A. There is a high correlation between the communication skills of a leader and the ability to get the job
done.
D. There is good evidence that certain personal qualities favor success in managerial role.
19. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is manifested by the leader who
uses this theory?
B. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
A. Trait
B. Charismatic
C. Great Man
D. Situational
21. She came across a theory which states that the leadership style is effective dependent on the
situation. Which of the following styles best fits a situation when the followers are self-directed. experts
and are matured individuals?
A. Democratic
B. Authoritarian
C. Laissez faire
D. Bureaucratic
22. She surfs the internet for more information about leadership styles. She reads about shared
leadership as a practice in some magnet hospitals. Which of the following describes this style of
leadership?
A. Leadership behavior is generally determined by the relationship between the leader’s personality and
the specific situation
B. Leaders believe that people are basically good and need not be closely controlled
23. Ms. Caputo learns that some leaders are transactional leaders. Which of the following does NOT
characterize a transactional leader?
B. Is a caretaker
23. She finds out that some managers have benevolent-authoritative style of management. Which of the
following behaviors will she exhibit most likely? Discuss
24. The nurse manager has asked that all staff nurses develop effective leadership competencies. How
should the staff nurses interpret this request?
b. If the nurses learn about and use relevant leadership and management theories and styles this is
possible.
c. In order to become leaders, the staff nurses will have to emphasize control, competition, and getting
the job done.
d. Unless the staff nurses possess the traits of a natural born leader, this is an unrealistic expectation.
25. Peter Drucker's view of management stimulated the shift toward the realization of the importance
of participatory organizations. Which option provides a scenario that is an example of a participatory
organization?
a. The control of the organization is centralized, and decisions are made by upper-level management.
b. Staff nurses are expected to provide support and nurturing for management's decisions.
d. Staff nurses provide input into planning and changes for their own unit.
26. Which behavior demonstrates the nurse's competency as an emotionally intelligent leader?
b. Taking risks.
c. Routine work.
28. A very young nurse has been promoted to nurse manager of an inpatient surgical unit. The nurse is
concerned that older nurses may not respect the manager's authority because of the age difference.
How can this nurse manager best exercise authority?
29. What statement, made in the morning shift report, would help an effective manager develop trust
on the nursing unit?
a. "I know I told you that you could have the weekend off, but I really need you to work."
c. "I'm sorry, but I do not have a nurse to spare today to help on your unit. I cannot make a change
now, but we should talk further about schedules and needs."
d. "I can't believe you need help with such a simple task. Didn't you learn that in school?"
30. The nurse has just been promoted to unit manager. Which advice, offered by a senior unit manager,
will help this nurse become inspirational and motivational in this new role?
a. "If you make a mistake with your staff, admit it, apologize, and correct the error if possible."
b. "Don't be too soft on the staff. If they make a mistake, be certain to reprimand them immediately."
c. "Give your best nurses extra attention and rewards for their help."
31. Compare and contrast manager roles and leadership roles by choosing the options that are more
aligned with the manager role. Select all that apply.
a. Focus is change.
d. Focus is on people.
E . Focus on efficiency.
32. Typically the nurse manager of a unit uses a participatory style of leadership. Today a patient
suffered a cardiac arrest; the manager took over the patient's care, issuing orders, and expecting staff to
obey them immediately. Which type of leadership did this manager exhibit today? Select all that apply.
a. Bureaucratic.
b. Autocratic.
c. Permissive.
d. Directive.
e. Authoritarian.
33. There have been several patient complaints that the staff members of the unit are disorganized and
that "no one seems to know what to do or when to do it." The staff members concur that they don't
have a real sense of direction and guidance from their leader. Which type of leadership is this unit
experiencing?
a. Autocratic.
b. Bureaucratic.
c. Laissez-faire.
d. Authoritarian.
34. Which factor would least likely be included in the analysis of an organization?
b. Results from a staff opinion survey regarding the organization's decision-making processes.
c. How the organization's communication patterns have affected the change process.
35. The patient who had a colonoscopy one hour ago suddenly experiences bright red rectal bleeding,
becomes diaphoretic, and is short of breath. The nurse decides to implement standing emergency
orders and initiates oxygen per mask and increases the patient's IV rate while a colleague contacts the
patient's physician. Which critical element of nursing is this nurse demonstrating?
a. Autonomy.
b. Responsibility
c. Delegation
d. Accountability
e. Relevance
36. You are not new in your department and you had been there for almost three years. Miss A, your
previous nurse manager was considered strict and authoritative in implementing the protocols in your
area. She would make your schedule fixed unless you will inform her two weeks before for any change
of shift. On the contrary, your new nurse manager, Miss B, schedules a monthly staff meeting for any
significant matters in your department. She is not so lax but makes it up to collect suggestions from all
of you before making decisions. 1. If you are to choose which one of your nurse managers described
above reflects a democratic type of leadership, who is she?
A. Miss A
B. Miss B
C. Both of them
D. None of the above
Explanation:
A democratic leadership style offers and gives suggestions, but lets the whole group do the planning.
Miss B basically exhibits a democratic leadership since she would allow the group decide and plan for
any significant matter in the department.
37. What leadership style did Miss A utilized to maintain a strong control in the department?
A. Laissez- faire
B. Democratic
C. Collegial
D. Autocratic
Explanation:
Miss A used an autocratic leadership style to strictly maintain the control in the department. An
autocratic leader usually gives orders and the one who makes decisions and the planning.
38. There are nursing students who are conducting their study on leadership styles in your unit. One of
the questions included is: What do you think is the most effective leadership style that can be used
during emergency situations?
A. Democratic
B. Laissez- faire
C. Autocratic
D. Supportive
Explanation:
Since an authoritative leader tends to be directive, during emergency situations this kind of leadership
styles pays effectiveness in nursing care. It can be beneficial if the autocratic leader knows how to
prioritize and do the things that needs to be done.
38. What are the qualities that define a leader who uses laissez- faire?
B. She oversees everything to come up with good quantity and quality of output but provides little
autonomy and self- motivation to her members.
C. She tends to be passive and puts the responsibility of decision making to others.
D. She would foster independence in your team by promoting motivation and creativity.
Explanation:
Laissez- faire leadership style provides no control in the team. She may be passive and uninvolved. This
type of leadership style is likely to have chaos within the area of duty since the members work
independently without having prompt directions from the leader.
39. This is a common trait of a leader which is defined as his ability to possess honesty, responsibility
and maturity in the working area.
A. Integrity
B. Personality
C. Intelligence
D. Flexibility
Explanation:
Personality refers to his personal alertness, creativity, emotional balance and control while intelligence
corresponds to his sound judgement, decisiveness, and knowledge. Flexibility on the other hand,
pertains to his ability to adapt rapidly to changes.
40. You are the head nurse in the pediatric department. Your roles in the planning process in the
hospital include the following, except one:
D. Answers C & B
Answers A & B are both roles of a head nurse while representing the organization is the role of top
managerial positions like director of nursing services, chief nurse or deans.
Explanation:
It is both a method of grouping patients and a measuring tool but defines the workload of a nurse to a
specific patient. It usually depends on how complex or simple nursing care needs the patient require.
42. You are asked by your instructor to discuss about Contingency Theory. What should you include in
your discussion?
A. It is a theory in leadership that views the pattern of leader behaviour as dependent on the
interaction of the personality and the needs of the situation.
B. It considers that leaders must provide followers the sense of security and approval and discipline to
be successful in an output.
C. It emphasizes that both leaders and followers should act on one another to raise their motivation.
D. It states that leadership qualities inspire followers to be motivated in what they do.
Explanation:
Contingency theory is described as a leadership that depends on other factors in the environment for it
to be effective. Option B refers to McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y while option c pertains to
Transformational theory, and option D corresponds to Charismatic theory.
43. In planning, conceptualizing the purpose and the aspirations of the organization is essential. What
statement gives a false description of a vision?
B. It is written to magnify the various activities and it is projected with a broad time frame
Explanation:
44. Isabelle, your co-worker, is a newly hired nurse. She asked you about centralized staffing system.
B. Schedule is based on the needs of the patients and the knowledge of the personnel.
Explanation:
Centralized staffing system is done by the nursing director, wherein denies the head nurse to make the
staffing decisions and it allows minimal personal contact with the staff. Other answers define what a
decentralized staffing system is.
45. In the hospital, your department is using the functional method of patient care modality. What is it
all about?
A. One nurse is responsible for giving bedside care, another one for administering medications and
another one for treatments and so on.
D. A team leader has the responsibility for coordinating the total care of a group of patients.
Explanation:
Functional nursing is a task- oriented way of delegating work. No single nurse is responsible for the total
care of any patient.
46. It is a managerial function that indicates leading the staff in the most effective method.
A. Planning
B. Directing
C. Organizing
D. Controlling
Explanation:
Directing means giving instructions, directions, or orders in such a way that a certain goal will be
achieved effectively.
B. Maria who becomes the leader of the team because of her years of experience in the department
C. Eduard who is considered the leader of the team since he was given the legitimate authority to act as
one.
D. Alexandra who is chosen by the administration because of her age and knowledge in the area of
work.
Explanation:
Words such as appointed, legitimate authority, and chose by the administration all describes a formal
leader. Maria becomes the leader because of her years of experience is possible but it can only be
considered as informal.
Explanation:
All the statements above describe the advantages of a good communication in the organization.
49. Downward communication is described below. Which one is correct?
C. The flow of communication is from the chief nurse to the head nurse
D. The flow of communication is from the staff nurse to the chief nurse
Explanation:
Downward communication is defined as the flow of communication from the top level managers to the
lower levels.
50. During controlling and evaluating phase, the following are quality improvement methods utilized by
institutions. Which one refers to a review process used by healthcare organization to assure that the
hospital may provide care to clients?
B. Standards of care
C. Clinical pathways
D. Benchmarking
Explanation:
Standards of care refers to descriptions of standard client care which was developed by healthcare
organizations to be considered as guide; clinical pathways pertains to tools for to be utilized for a
specific client; benchmarking is a tool that identifies the best practice and by comparing it to other
departments.
51. Which type of conflict management technique is described as cooperating and that one side gives in
to the other?
A. Avoiding
B. Accommodating
C. Competing
D. Compromising
Explanation:
Accommodating allows stakes which is not high enough. It can be utilized when the other side is more
concerned with the issue than the other one.
52. The management theorist who developed the 14 principles of management is:
A. Frederick Taylor
B. Max Weber
C. Mary Follet
D. Henri Fayol
Explanation:
Frederick Taylor postulated the theory of scientific management while Max Weber advocated that the
ideal organization for complex institution is having bureaucracy; and Mary Follet indicated that
management is a social process.
53. What are the tasks that should not be delegated to a non professional staff?
Explanation:
Nursing assessment requiring professional judgement should not be delegated to a non professional
nurse.
54. You are asked by your instructor to differentiate a leader and a manager. Which one is incorrect?
A. A leader is focused on purposes but a manager is focused with structures and processes.
B. A leader does the right thing and a manager does each task the right way.
C. A leader has a short term view while a manager views work in long term duration
Explanation:
It is incorrect since a leader focuses on the future of his organization thus it has long term goals for it
while a manager focuses on the present making him plot for short term goals.
55. Supervision and delegation fall to what phase of the management process?
A. Organizing
B. Directing
C. Controlling
D. Planning
Explanation:
In directing, commanding orders or tasks and coordinating it to personnel are involved – thus,
delegation and supervision have important roles in this phase.
56. What type of conflict refers to when there are two or more opposing incompatible demands that
arise and priority differences affects the resolution of the conflict.
A. Interpersonal conflict
B. Organizational conflict
C. Intrapersonal conflict
D. Answers A & B
Explanation:
This kind of conflict usually arises when a staff is confronted with choosing between going to work or
prioritizing her sick mother, and the like.
Explanation:
The organizational chart shows all the above descriptions except for telling the amount of work laid
for personnel. It might impose the weight of responsibility of each staff but not their workload.
58. What kind of staffing is considered the most common pattern and the oldest type?
A. Cyclical staffing
B. Full time equivalent staffing
C. Conventional staffing
D. Decentralized staffing
Explanation:
It is the oldest staffing pattern utilized by many institutions. It combines centralized and
decentralized staffing.
b. Their personality
c. What they do
62. The process or activity of optimally utilizing human resources to achieve predetermined goals
and objectives in the most efficient and effective way possible is:
a. Directing
b. Controlling
c. Planning
d. Organizing
a. Autocratic
b. Delegating
c. Relationship
d. Task
a. Autocratic
b. Consultative
c. Delegating
d. Participating
68. The freedom to act, make decisions and challenge one’s self to be more creative fits which of
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
a. Social needs
b. Security needs
c. Basic needs
d. Self-fulfillment needs
a. Doing
b. Staffing
c. Sampling
d. Maintaining
70. Reaching toward an objective or striving to meet a mission statement would fall into what part of
management?
a. Planning
b. Directing
c. Controlling
d. Staffing
b. Where each working unit has multiple people in charge and a vote is taken when decisions must
be made
c. Where each working unit has many departments, and no one person is in charge
72. The upper limit of employees or subordinates a supervisor can effectively manage is called:
a. Span of control
b. Span of manpower
c. Span of organization
d. Span of functions
73. Supervisors have the tendency to spend most of their time on this function:
a. Directing
b. Controlling
c. Planning
d. Staffing
74. Which managerial function clarifies the boundaries of authority and responsibility within a
department?
a. Planning
b. Organizing
c. Directing
d. Controlling
a. A managers status within the organization does not influence communication with subordinates
d. People prefer, most of the time, to communicate with the higher status positions
78. When resolving problems between two employees, the manager should:
79. The right or privilege to direct or request a behavior or action, along with the right to discipline
is:
a. Control
b. Power
c. Authority
d. Leadership
80. In any useful description of management you will find two premises, which statement contains
one of those premises:
81. Managers should know and use the three types of planning. These are:
a. Benefits.
b. Duties.
d. Salary.
b. Appropriate wording.
d. .Reasonableness.
87. Things such as, titles, promotions, and a private office would be placed into which level of
“Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”
a. Belongingness.
b. Physiological.
c. Security.
d. Self-esteem/Ego
88. Which of the following is an advantage of group decisions?
c. Time.
d. Variety of approaches.
b. Seminars.
c. Trade schools.
90. When open-ended time assignments are given, which of the following is true:
a. Accountability is non-existent.
91. Managers who direct the work of the rank and file employees are known as:
a. Top Managers.
c. Middle Managers.
d. Operative.
93. One of the abilities a manager needs to be successful is the ability to match leadership style to
the work situation, which is necessary because of three concerns. These are:
a. Attitude of employee.
b. Behavior of employee.
c. Performance of employee.
95. Listening is the key to knowledge and understanding. Which item listed below will not aid
effective listening:
b. Ask questions.
c. Focus on speaker.
d. Paraphrase message.
b. Employee accountability.
c. Procrastination.
c. Establish objectives
98. The process of setting goals and establishing guidelines for meeting them is called:
a. Planning.
b. Supervising.
c. Evaluating.
d. Managing.
a. Assigning tasks
b. Motivating employees
c. Use of influence