External Flow over Bodies

Main topics
• General characteristics of external flow
• Drag
• Lift
• Boundary layer characteristics
 Approaches to External Flow Problem

>> As the object is not parallel to the upstream flow, the angle θ is not 90 degree.
>> Both pressure and shear stress can distribute to Lift & Drag.
-pressure drag
-friction drag
-pressure lift
-friction lift
Space for Example 9.15
Space for Example 9.16
Concept of Boundary Layer
boundary layer
Example of Application of Boundary Layer