Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ever since human civilization evolved, the human settlement became a primary concern
along with food and clothing. Housing, in fact, laid the foundation for human settlement and
civilization. Good housing is, thus, a pre-requisite for human development and welfare. It is
essential for the smooth operation of modern society. Healthy and commodious living provides
incentives and generates efficiency, energy, zeal, and strength on which depends on social,
The housing sector is recognized as a major employment generator. It also results in the
growth of many home-based manufacturing industries like cement, iron and steel, paints,
marble / ceramic tiles, bricks, electrical wiring and appliances, PVC pipes, furniture, sanitary
fittings, household articles and other consumer durables. With forward and backward linkages,
housing activity provides impetus to economic growth. Whenever the economy is facing a
recession, the investment in the housing sector has the potential to kick-start the economy for
growth.
It has a multiplier effect on income and employment. Due to its strong forward and
backward linkages, even a small initiative in housing will propel the multiplier effect in the
economy. The main reason is that the investment in housing increases income levels of the
people having low income, who normally have high Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC).
The concept of housing is a dwelling place owned and controlled, constructed by the
occupants themselves or by any other but enjoyed for the time being. The main aspects of the
Housing is not just a question of the house; but, a world of community and cosmos for
building and nurturing; thus, for maintaining social, cultural, economic and political systems
which permit human beings not just to survive, but hopefully to proper. In the hierarchy of basic
human needs, shelter occupies third place only after food and clothing. According to Maslow’s
need hierarchy theory, after the satisfaction of one want; another want will arise for a human
being. This implies that an individual after satisfaction of food and clothing and the recent years
The rapid pace of urbanization owing to the rural-urban migration is putting a strain on the urban
infrastructure in the cities of India and has led to the substantial housing shortage. The growing
concentration of people in urban areas has increased the number of low-income people living in
slums and informal settlements. It has resulted in an ever-widening gap between demand and
supply of housing, both regarding quantity and quality such as congestion, obsolescence, etc.
The housing shortage in the urban areas has touched 18.78 million units, where 95% of the
shortage is in the economically weaker section and low-income group, a report by the National
Housing Bank (NHB) said. The Report on Trend and Progress of Housing in India said that the
housing trend during the year witnessed supply-side constraints including the lack of availability
of land and finance at reasonable rates and added that demand drivers include the growing
agriculture, real estate contributes about 7.2% per cent to India's gross domestic product (GDP).
The foreign direct investment (FDI) in the sector is projected to touch US$ 25 billion in the next
5 years.
The sector involves of four sub-sectors- retail, hospitality,housing and commercial. While
housing gives to five-six percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), the lingering
three sub-sectors are also mounting at a rapid pace, meeting the growing infrastructural needs.
The real estate sector has changed from being unclassified to a energetic and structured
sector over the past decade. Government policies have been influential in providing support after
recognizing the necessitate for infrastructure development in order to make certain better typical
of living for its citizens. In addition to this, sufficient infrastructure forms a requirement for
has seen a consolidation of points in the market as developers are extending their capacities to
the greatest in order to meet the growing market demand, which in turn has optimistic large
Driving Forces
Stated below are the reasons that have led to the real estate boom in the country
captive units of major players include GE, Prudential, HSBC, Bank of America,
Increase in disposable income and growing middle class, increasing the require for
Growing
billion by 2020. Easier
economy financing
Epidemolo
gical
changes
The real estate sector in India is on looking rapid growth in the residential, commercial
and industrial segments. Real estate development, once controlled to bigger cities, have shown
marked progress in smaller cities and towns owing to accessibility of banks loans, higher
1) The nascent period - 1980-2000: The Real Estate scene was just taking off in India with
flats promotion just getting of the block. It was directionless and had haphazard growth.
areas of the city - more people were brought into the ambit of real estate.
6) Drinking water was available in plenty and drainage was adequate to meet the demand.
7) Public transport facility was available only to certain extent,
8) Construction industry was generally unorganised and did not bother much about
infrastructure development. Its sole aim was to gain maximum profit with less
investment.
9) More cash inflow into the system – most of which was unaccountable.
10) Government support to the industry was minimal.
home loan.
9. Allied sectors of construction industry like cement, iron and steel, tiles, electrical and
(Foreign Direct Investments) in the Realty Sector. This resulted in foreign companies
in India. Economic Growth got stunted, GDP fell sharply, employee salary became either
construction business. There were lot of speculations and unaccounted money was
severely because of demonetization. The industry which was developer friendly became
customer friendly. Introduction of Goods Service Tax (GST) also had a serious impact on
outstripped Demand. Lot of buildings was left unfinished. There was mass retrenchment
of workers.
Challenges & Investment Opportunities
The key challenges that the Indian real estate industry is facing today are:
Real Estate and GDP are interlinked and contribute to each others’ growth. It is,
priority by all major political parties and adopted as a goal by the Government of India in
the National Housing and Habitat Policy document. Integrated housing development not
only satisfies the basic human requirements but also facilitates holistic development
within the parameters of a planned welfare economy. Safe, secure and affordable housing
by any means increases employment and educational opportunities for individuals and
enriches communities leading to a better civil society and better quality of life. Besides
the straightcontribution which Real Estate makes to GDP it enhances social capital which
is intelligible wealth that comes with excellent social network at the heart of which lies
construction, 78 paisa gets added to the GDP. Real Estate ranks fourth in terms of the
multiplier effect on the Economy, ahead of sectors like transport and agriculture. The
Investments in the RE sector has steadily increased from Rs. 1150 cr in the First Plan
period to more than Rs. 1,20,000 cr in the Ninth Plan period. Estimates of the Tenth Plan
CREDAI-CBRE Evaluating the economic impact of Indian real estate, the market is
poised for scaling great heights and the future only looks optimistic with the slowdown
behind us.
The Indian real estate sector has come a long way since the 1990s’ by becoming one of
the fastest growing markets in the world. It is not only successfully attracting domestic
real estate investment but foreign investments too. The growth of the industry is
attributed mainly to India’s growing population, rising income level and rapid
urbanization. However, despite the positive outlook for the sector in the coming years, it
is battling challenges. These challenges restrain the sector from yielding full benefits of
the potential growth. Moreover, it is facing situational extremities such as increasing need
for housing but diminishing project launches in semi-urban and rural areas and increase
in inventory pile-up but shortfall of demand in urban areas. These trends point towards
some major issues through which Indian real estate is passing at present.
Lack of clear land titles
The land titles are not clear because of poor record keeping and division of land in
many parts till independence. The slow pace of modernization of land records is further
and causes overpricing of commercial or residential property. In recent times, the real estate
is the most favorable destination for investment in India and far ahead than equity or gold.
Further real estate agents or brokers buy or sell property frequently with their own
Sources of Finance
Finance is the key for development of any industry. Due to poor image of Real Estate
sector, banks are becoming reluctant to provide loans and making regulation tougher to avoid
the bad loans. Alternate sources of finance are very costly and ultimately impact total cost of
the project.
The real estate is a capital and labour intensive industry; thus rise in cost of labour
and construction material due to inflation poses many problems to real estate industry.
Further real estate builders many times raise a question about unfair practices in cement
All the above issues can be verified by the facts that more than 30% of houses and
commercial spaces are lying vacant in major cities like Mumbai or Delhi despite being so
regulate contracts between buyers and sellers in the real estate sector to ensure consumer
The major obstacle a real estate developer faces is the property clearance and usually takes 6 to
12 months. The majority of delay happens to procure approvals from authorities who take
months to reply. Single Window Clearance is the biggest challenge faced by the real estate
developers. So implementing this method will not only bring down the project delivery deadline
delay but also the cost of the project implementation. By going online, it will boost the
Since the establishment of GST, the real estate has been facing huge roadblock due to
high GST rate. As home buying is a huge investment, the government should bring down the
Real estate is a capital and labour intensive industry, thus a rise in the cost of labour
creates issues in the development of the project. Furthermore, unfair practice of certain
sections of distributors and cement industry by raising the price creates issues in the project
completion.
real estate market. Overpricing has been deterring customers from buying homes and as result
there exists a huge number of unsold units. Foreign Private Equity funds have been blamed for
this to a certain extent as they look for a high return in a short period of time.
Lack of transparency
Lack of transparency also hampers the Indian real estate. Land encroachment, lack of
independent body appraising prices of lands as per international standard is needed in India to
Scarcity of land:
While there is a good demand for housing and commercial projects in the country, the
non-availability of land within city limits along with the rising land and construction cost is
leading to an increase in the overall cost of the projects. Thus, making the projects is unviable.
There is a lack of coordination between central and state ministries. Further, numerous
central and state level laws, rules, and regulations often result in a lengthy and cumbersome
approval process.
The lengthy and complex approval process leads to a high gestation period which
eventually results in project cost escalation by 20-30 per cent. Currently, 30 to 40 approvals are
required for any project which generally takes about two to three years.
Restrictive development norms:
Low floor area ratio (FAR), density norms, ground coverage, parking provision, etc., also
With several taxes, such as stamp duty, GST, etc., accounting for about 30-35 per cent of
the total housing cost, the final sale price of the unit increases. This makes property unaffordable.
Development norms:
Limited foreign funding sources and underdeveloped equity and debt markets also pose a
Owing to lack of advanced technology and skilled manpower, the overall project
economics is not achieved and there are further delays. In fact, at present, 25 per cent of housing
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
The involvement of the real estate industry in the area of employment is wide-ranging
and rigorous. The employment produced by the real estate industries is unreliable and wide-
ranging. There is a lot of scope predominantly for the villagers who wander to the urban areas in
search of employment because of the failure of monsoon. The agriculture has failed them. Their
only resource for survival is only to get into any jobs in the construction industry. The industry
also wants the services of educated, uneducated, professional, non-professional, skilled and
unskilled worker
The real estate and construction sector will generate over 15 million jobs over the next
five years even with signs of stress in the sector in the last few quarters, the Economic Survey
said today. Real estate and construction mutually is the second largest employment contributor in
the country, next only to agriculture, according to the Economic Survey 2017-18.
The sector engaged over 40 million personnel in 2013, and as per projections, it is slated
to employ over 52 million personnel by 2017 and 67 million workforce by 2022. "This implies
that it will spawn over 15 million jobs over the next five years, which will transform to about
Nearly 90 per cent of the personnel occupied in the real estate and construction sector are
affianced in construction of buildings, while the rest 10 per cent personnel is involved in building
completion, finishing, electrical, plumbing, other installation services, demolition and site
preparation. Over 80 per cent of the employment in real estate and construction encompasses
minimally skilled personnel, while skilled personnel account for over 9 per cent share and the
residual are stretch across work classes such as clerical, technicians and engineers.
In line with the past three-four years, the recital of real estate in 2017 was lacklustre in
terms of growth in prices and sales. Real estate which was one of the most sought-after
Investment Avenue among India has seen a dip in its popularity of late because of the stagnation
or dip in prices. Apart from this, real estate has been considered a safe haven for parking black
money but the reforms such as Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act (RERA) and
Goods & Services Tax (GST) and Demonetization brought in by the Government to curb the
In some of the real estate markets, the sales are yet to catch up to the pre-demonetization
level.In 2017, 1.6 lakh units were sold during Q1-Q3 2017 as per Anarock research. The decline
in sales was only to the tune of 30% compared to Q1-Q3 2016.Also, the numbers of new
Only 94,000 units were added in top 7 cities of India between Q1-Q3 2017, which is a
However, experts believe that real estate market is going through a transitional phase.
Things are going to get better over time and the reforms will help in shaping up the industry to a
"Overall, 2017 saw the Government making it clear that home buyers will no longer be at
the mercy of real estate developers and putting various measures in place to ensure that housing
supply syncs up with demand and pertinent projects are developed. There are doubtlessly some
teething troubles - some of them very obvious - in implementing and executing the new policies
and reforms. However, they have made a deep impact even now," says AnujPuri, Chairman -
Government has awarded it with the much-needed infrastructure status. The definition of
affordable housing and houses classified under mid income group was also changed by the
Government to cover a larger buyer base and help developers offload their budget homes
inventory.
2018 is unlikely to see any price rise, however experts believe the recent reforms will
boost the confidence of the home buyers and sales are likely to pick up in 2018.
"The real estate market in 2018 is expected to show price levels on a similar scale when
compared with those of 2017. Andthe year will remain a good time to buy. It is expected that the
market will see more options in ready stock since a greater completion are to take place in the
next year."
This is one question everyone has been asking, as its answer will ultimately decide
whether you are going to endow in the real estate in India now or you will rather wait for the
According to the Investment experts and real estate experts 'there is a definite boom in
the real estate market in India and that's why many people are going for investment in the real
estate in India. According to market specialists, Indian real estate market has got a fabulous
potential and it will surely be riding high in the coming years.' Favorable property market and
real estate boom has made property investment in India look safe. This is also proved by the fact
that Indian Government has liberalized its foreign direct investment policy to attract higher
foreign investment.
It's not that the property prices in India have suddenly seen a rise. Prices of property
whether it be residential, commercial or industrial have been rising in India over the last few
years. Taking an example of some of the better developed cities like Noida and Gurgaon,
property prices have increased by up to 5 times within a few years. It's not that only these cities
are experiencing an appreciation in the real estate prices, property prices have been steadily
rising across all parts and sectors of India - may be the appreciation in the prices of property in
A recent survey has revealed that, India stands on the fourth position among the top four
Asian destinations for foreign direct investment. India being the largest democracy with excellent
democratic governance and transparent property laws attracts more people for making the
investment in the property and real estate market than any other country in the region.
Looking at the above factors we can say that as far as real estate sector in India is
concerned it is going only in one direction that's upward. And this current trend will see more
and more people investing in the property market in India. Indian economy is going through a
by the Government. As soon as the PM declared demonetization, a debate started in the whole
country. On the news channel, at the offices, everywhere everyone wanted to understand the
The economyof any country depends much on industrial growth predominantly in the
making and manufacturing areas. The opulence of the people is seen only in theirreassure level
of living and hoist in the standard of living. This means a comfortable living must be guaranteed
by the Government by providing adequate housing facilities at affordable cost to the citizens.
An abrupt ban on the accessible high denomination currency notes shuddered the Indian
economy and real estate sector. The proclamation of demonetization and accomplishment of the
Benami Properties Act for unfettered properties took place in the same year. Economists
envisaged the growth rate of the real estate sector is slowing down more than ever. The sector
has been ridden with numerousdisputes for the past few decades owing to lack of
homogeneousstructure. Demonetization also brought about many challenges and lay the industry
beneath dock.
In the past one year, there have been a hardly any positive and prospectively long-lasting
changes in the Indian real estate. The passing of RERA(Real Estate Regulation and Development
Act 2016), the Benami Transactions Act and now the demonetization move will guarantee that
going forward, the sector will drop much of its historic contaminateand become more clear.
The construction industry only accounts for about 8% of the GDP and employment both
straight and meandering to about 40 million people. The demonetization has caused unexpected
stoppage of work in many projects. The payments, particularly to workers, were only by liquid
cash. The sudden curb on withdrawals led to virtual crumble of the industry.
Wages were until then paid only in cash as most construction workers did not have a bank
account. The developmentdetached cash completely forms the system; therefore construction
companies could not congregate their expenses. Also they were hesitant to borrow money due to
improbability in the market. Consequently, most of the under construction projects came to
languish in metros such as Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai which were the worst affected after
demonetization.
The collision was more apparent in northern metropolitan cities of the country which
Hyderabad. Even Pune in the west, where the cashmodule transaction was more, got crashed by
demonetization
Property values which were skyrocketing prior in metropolitan cities have perceived only
small changes in prices. A report on the prices during January 2017-December 2017 designates
MARKET
The entire demonetization exercise undertaken by the government and aided by other
transformations, like Benami Property Act, RERA and GST, is to be looked at in the backdrop of
the Government's Multipronged policy to generate institutional and regulatory framework for
fastand fixed growth of the economy. And at the Centre of all these schemes is real estate, which
is a key contributor to GDP. Going forward these policy proposals will help make real estate
more systematized, transparent, realistic and affordable, making the sector investor and
consumer friendly which has not taken place as expected as of now. Many companies are not
able to market their houses because of slowdown in the industry. The initiative by the
Government astonishingly made the construction industry to face more troubles than resolution
both from the industry point of view and consumers’ point of view. The real-estate developers are
forced to face multiple troubles and disputes that include liquidity chomp, slowdown in sales
In line with the past three-four years, the recital of real estate in 2017 was lackluster in
terms of growth in prices and sales. Real estate which was one of the most sought after
Investment Avenue among India has seen a dip in its popularity off late because of the stagnation
or dip in prices. Apart from this, real estate has been considered a safe haven for parking black
money but the reforms such as Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act (RERA) and
Goods & Services Tax (GST) and Demonetization brought in by the government to curb the
In some of the real estate markets, the sales are yet to catch up to the pre-demonetization
level.In 2017, 1.6 lakh units were sold during Q1-Q3 2017 as per Anarock research. The decline
in sales was only to the tune of 30% compared to Q1-Q3 2016.Also, the numbers of new
Only 94,000 units were added in top 7 cities of India between Q1-Q3 2017, which is a
However, experts believe that real estate market is going through a transitional phase.
Things are going to get better over time and the reforms will help in shaping up the industry to a
"Overall, 2017 saw the Government making it clear that home buyers will no longer be at
the mercy of real estate developers, and putting various measures in place to ensure that housing
supply syncs up with demand and pertinent projects are developed. There are doubtlessly some
teething troubles - some of them very obvious - in implementing and executing the new policies
and reforms. However, they have made a deep impact even now," says AnujPuri, Chairman - Ana
Affordable Housing is going to be the big thing in 2018 given the thrust by the
government. The government has awarded it with the much needed infrastructure status. The
definition of affordable housing and houses classified under mid income group was also changed
by the government to cover a larger buyer base and help developers offload their budget homes
inventory.
2018 is unlikely to see any price rise in 2018, however the recent reforms will boost the
confidence of the home buyers and sales are likely to pick up in 2018, believe experts.
"The real estate market in 2018 is expected to show price levels on a similar scale when
compared with those of 2017. Andthe year will remain a good time to buy. It is expected that the
market will see more options in ready stock since a greater completion are to take place in the
next year,"
This is one question everyone has been asking, as its answer will ultimately decide
whether you are going to endow in the real estate in India now or you will rather wait for the
According to the Investment experts and real estate experts 'there is a definite boom in
the real estate market in India and that's why many people are going for investment in the real
estate in India. According to market specialists, Indian real estate market has got a fabulous
potential and it will surely be riding high in the coming years.' Favorable property market and
real estate boom has made property investment in India look safe. This is also proved by the fact
that Indian Government has liberalized its foreign direct policy to attract higher foreign
investment.
It's not that the property prices in India have suddenly seen a rise. Prices of property
whether it be residential, commercial or industrial have been rising in India over the last few
years. Taking an example of some of the better developed cities like Noida and Gurgaon,
property prices have increased by up to 5 times within a few years. It's not that only these cities
are experiencing an appreciation in the real estate prices, property prices have been steadily
rising across all parts and sectors of India may be the appreciation in the prices of property in
Asian destinations for foreign direct investment. India being the largest democracy with excellent
democratic governance and transparent property laws attracts more people for making the
investment in the property and real estate market than any other country in the region.
Looking at the above factors we can say that as far as real estate sector in India is
concerned it is going only in one direction that's upward. And this current trend will see more
and more people investing in the property market in India.Indian economy is going through a