CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter it explain the research method to be used in the study. It will also

presents the population and sampling scheme, description of the respondents, research

instruments, validation of instruments, procedure in the collection of data and statistical

treatment of the data.

Research method

The method used in the study is descriptive correlational using survey checklist

in order to know the effect of salary increase in the performance of subordinate police

officers in angeles, city.

Correlational research is quantitative method where the relationship between 2 or

more qualities are being determined (Waters, 2010). The research will also be a

quantitative research because it will define the motivational status of subordinate police

officers with their correlation to salary increase.

Population of the study

The study will conduct in Angeles City, Pampanga. The respondents are

subordinate police officers from different police station in Angeles City, Pampanga.

The researchers gathered information about the number of subordinate police

officers from Angeles city police office located at Santo Domingo Angeles City,

Pampanga.

The total number of subordinate police officers in Angeles city is 236 that divided

into six(6) units/stations. Presents in the table below:

Table 1

The population of subordinate police officers: Angeles city, 2018.

UNITS/STATION TOTAL PERCENTAGE (%)

PNCO

POLICE STATION 1 37 15.68%

POLICE STATION 2 39 16.53%

POLICE STATION 3 34 14.41%

POLICE STATION 4 48 20.34%

POLICE STATION 5 44 18.64%

POLICE STATION 6 34 14.41%

TOTAL 236 100%

 Table 1

Represents the total population of respondents in the study as per data provided

by Angeles City Police Office, as seen in the data, there are 236 subordinate police

officers in Angeles City.

Sampling Scheme

There are two basic type of sampling: non probability sampling and probability

sampling (cooper and schindler, 2001)

In this study the researchers will use the probability sampling which assures that

all elements in the population are given equal chances of being selected as a sample.

The sampling method that will be used in the study is cluster sampling which is

choosing the respondent that are necessary in the study. Cluster sampling done by

selecting a sample of groups or cluster of elements. Each police station is considered a

cluster.
 The researchers used the Raosoft formula to get the desired sample size of the

total population of subordinate police officers in Angeles City.

Raosoft’s Formula

In terms of the numbers you selected above, the sample size and margin of error

E are given by

X = Z(c/100)2r(100-r)

N = N x/((N-1)E2 + x)

E = Sqrt[(N - n)x/n(N-1)]

Where N is the population size, r is the fraction of responses that you are

interested in, and Z (c/100) is the critical value for the confidence level c.

Table 2

Stratum of the Population

(147 as the Sampling Size)

UNITS/STATION TOTAL PERCENTAGE (%)

PNCO SAMPLE SIZE

POLICE STATION 1 37 23 15.68%

POLICE STATION 2 39 24 16.53%

POLICE STATION 3 34 21 14.41%

POLICE STATION 4 48 30 20.34%

POLICE STATION 5 44 28 18.64%

POLICE STATION 6 34 21 14.41%

TOTAL 236 247 100%

Table 2

Presents the population of subordinate police officers of the six(6) police station

in Angeles City, which shows that there are 147 respondents, which were derived using

the Raosoft sampling method.

The researchers were able to come up with the sample size of 23 for Police

station 1, 24 for Police station 2, 21 for Police station 3, 30 for Police station 4, 28 for

Police station 5 and 21 for Police station 6.

Research Instrument

To obtain the data needed in order to answer the problems in the study, a questionnaire

checklist will be utilized. The following steps will be used in the structure and validation

of the questionnaire:
1. Content Validation

The researchers determined the degree to which the questionnaire represents

the essence, the topics, and the areas the test is designed to measure.

2. Face Validation

The test were ocularly inspected and later judged to whether they measure what

they intend to measure.

3. Pilot testing

A dry run was made to test a sample that is comparable to target the population.

This is also made to determine the average time in finishing the questionnaire and

relevant problems related to the questionnaire are also discovered. The purpose of this

is to determine grammatically the questions and to determine erroneous question so

that they can be eliminated.

4. Administration of Questionnaires

After careful and systematic evaluation of the questionnaires, they were printed

and reproduced and were distributed to the respondents.

At least three Experts will examine the questionnaire plus the adviser and the

researcher. The data gathering tool shall be prepared in assistance of the thesis adviser

and panel members.

Validity and Reliability of the Instrument

A content validity will be use in the research study. Validity entails examining

each item the content of an instrument to judge whether each element measures the

concept in question. It is also judgmental and usually non empirical in nature (Calmorin,

2010, David 2007). The instrument validity will establish after its presentation to the

panel of examiners. They commented on the validity of the questions and whether such

questioned answers what it intends to measures to which they unanimously agreed to

adopt the same questionnaire. To ensure validity, expert on the field were invited to

comment on the questionnaire checklist.

To establish the questionnaires reliability and internal consistency, the Cronbach

Alpha was utilized as define as follows:

Cronbach’s Alpha is define as:

The reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire were establishing the

Cronbach Alpha
 It is a measure of reliability and internal consistency of a set of scale or test

items. Any given measurement’s reliability states a consistent measure of a concept.

Thus, Cronbach’s alpha is a way of measuring the strength of the consistency (Goforth,

2015).

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will go to 6 Police station in Angeles city. Each station has the

cluster size of respondent, chosen respondent will be given questionnaires. After

floating of questionnaires to the potential respondent the researcher start to analyze and

interpret the data.

Statistical Tools and Treatment of data ( INCOMPLETE)

The researchers will use frequency, percentage and ranking computation in

treating the duly accomplished questionnaire from problem one. The data were

subsequently interpreted statistically using descriptive statistics, again with the aid of

SPSS. Frequency of the respondents’ answer in every item will be tally and tabulate.

The over-all responses of the respondents in the questionnaire were then subsequently

converted into percentage.