PHYSICS

EXERCISE 1
1. An observer on the west-facing beach of a large lake is watching the beginning of a sunset. The water is
very smooth except for some areas with small ripples. The observer notices that some areas of the water

appear blue and some appear pink. Why does the water appear to be different colors in different areas?

2. When looking through a glass window to the outdoors at night, your sometimes see a double image of
yourself. Why?

3. Why do face masks make vision clearer under water? A face mask includes a flat piece of glass–the mask
does not have lenses like those in eyeglasses.

4. When a monochromatic light enters a rarer medium from a denser medium, what happens to the

(a) Velocity (b) Frequency (c) Wavelength (d) Amplitude

5. In dispersive materials, the angle of refraction for a light ray depends on the wavelength of the light. Does

the angle of reflection from the surface of the material depend on the wavelength ?

6. When a beam of light enters a glass prism with nonparallel sides, the spectrum of colours exiting the prism
is a testimonial to the dispersion occurring in the glass. Suppose a beam of light enters a slab of material
with parallel sides at an angle to the normal. When the beam exits the other side, traveling in the same
direction as the original beam, is there any evidence of dispersion?

7. Why does the focal length of a lens depend on the lens material, but the focal length for a mirror is
independent of the material from which the mirror is made?

8. A virtual image of often described as one through which light rays do not travel, as they do for a real image.
Can a virtual image be photographed?

9. The images formed by total internal reflection are much brighter than those formed by mirror or lenses.
Explain.

10. In an experiment with a lens, the object distance u versus image distance v data were obtained.

Analyze the following graphs.

1 1 v
(a) versus (b) uv versus (u – v) (c) versus u .
v u u

11. Why are danger light are red, when the eye is most sensitive to yellow green ?

12. Why does a diamond "sparkle" more than a glass imitation cut to the same shape?

13. In some cars the right (passenger) side view mirror bears the notation : 'Objects in the mirror are closer
than they appear". What feature of the mirror requires this warning? What advantages does the mirror have
to compensate for this disadvantage? Do cars viewed in this mirror appear to be moving faster or slower

than they would if viewed in a plane mirror ?

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 PHYSICS

EXERCISE 2
Conceptual Objective
1. A mirror is inclined at an angle of q with the horizontal. If a ray of light is incident at an angle q , then the angle made
by reflected ray with the horizontal is

q
(A) q (B) 2q (C) (D) none of these
2
2. A ray of light is incident at 50° on one of a pair of mirrors arranged at 60° to each other. The angle at which
the ray is incident on the first mirror after being reflected from the second mirror is :
(A) 80° (B) 70° (C) 60° (D) 50°
3. If the object is placed midway between two parallel mirrors separated by distance ‘b’. The general expression
for the distance of the image from the object is : [ where n is an integer ]
(A) 4nb (B) 3nb (C) 2nb (D) nb
4. The image formed by a plane mirror
(A) is always virtual (B) is always real (C) may be real (D) is never real
5. Image of the object is formed as shown in figure.
v

A A'

B B'

If the mirror starts moving towards the object with velocity v, then velocity of image will be
(A) v towards right (B) v towards left
(C) 2v towards right (D) 2v towards left
6. An object is placed between two plane mirrors as shown. The number of images formed is
/
/
///
////
///
////
///

O
///
////

45º
///

) 15º
////

)
//
///

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) None

7. The incorrect statement for a concave mirror producing a virtual image of the object is :
(A) The linear magnification is always greater than one except at the pole
(B) The linear magnification is always less than one
(C) The magnification tends to one as the object move nearer to the pole of the mirror
(D) The distance of the object from the pole of the mirror is less than the focal length of mirror.
8. Which of the following is/are correct ?
(A) The image and object are never on either side of focus in a spherical mirror.
(B) A virtual image must be erect
(C) An image formed in a plane mirror must have same speed as the object has
(D) Laws of reflection are same for all wavelengths.

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 PHYSICS
9. A virtual object placed between the pole and the principal focus of a convex mirror produce an image which
is
(A) real, magnified and upright (B) virtual, diminished and inverted
(C) virtual, diminished and upright (D) real, diminished and inverted
10. Find the position of 1 cm tall object which is placed 8 cm infront of a concave mirror of radius of curvature
24 cm

(A) 24 cm (B) 25 cm (C) 26 cm (D) 27 cm

11. A concave mirror has a focal length 20 cm. The distance between the two positions of the object for which
the image size is double the object size is

(A) 20 cm (B) 40 cm (C) 30 cm (D) 60 cm

12. In a looking mirror or a window pane you find that your face appears larger than normal. The mirror or
window pane is :
(A) Plane (B) Concave (C) Convex (D) None of the above
13. The figure shows the path of a ray of light as it passes through three different materials with refractive
indices n1 , n2 and n3 . The figure is drawn to scale . The refractive indices of the material satisfy the relation:

(A) n3 < n2 < n1 (B) n3 < n1 < n2 (C) n2 < n1 < n3 (D) n1 < n3 < n2
14. A ray of sunlight enters a spherical water droplet (n = 4/3) at an angle of incidence 53º measured with
respect to the normal to the surface . It is reflected from the back surface of the droplet and re-enters into
air. The angle between the incoming and outgoing ray is [Take sin 53º = 0.8]
(A) 15º (B) 34º (C) 138º (D) 30º
15. A parallel beam of light emerges from the opposite surface of the sphere when a point source of light lies at
the surface of the sphere. The refractive index of the sphere is (The ray are observed near normal)
(A) 3/2 (B) 5/3 (C) 2 (D) 5/2
16. A parallel beam of white light falls on a convex lens . Images of blue , red and green light are formed on other
side of the lens at distances x , y and z respectively from the pole of the lens . Then :
(A) x > y > z (B) x > z > y (C) y > z > x (D) none of these
17. The correct conclusion that can be drawn from these figures is :

(a) (b)

(A) m1 < m but m < m2 (B) m1 > m but m < m2

(C) m1 = m but m < m2 (D) m1 = m but m2 < m
18. An optical system consists of a thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm and a plane mirror placed 15 cm
behind the lens. An object is placed 15 cm in front of the lens. The distance of the final image from the
object is
(A) 60 cm (B) 30 cm (C) 75 cm (D) 45 cm

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 PHYSICS
19. A paraxial beam is incident on a glass (m = 1.5) hemisphere of radius R = 6 cm in air as shown. The
distance of point of convergence F from the plane surface of hemisphere is

(A) 12 cm (B) 5.4 cm (C) 18 cm (D) 8 cm

20. A convex lens has a focal length 20 cm. The refractive index of material is m = 1.5. If this lens is immersed
in a liquid of refractive index 1.8, it will behave as a

(A) convex lens of focal length 60 cm (B) concave lens of focal length 60 cm

(C) convex lens of focal length 120 cm (D) concave lens of focal length 120 cm
21. A particle executes SHM of amplitude 1cm along principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 12cm. The
mean position of oscillation is at 20 cm from the lens. Find the amplitude of oscillation of the image of the
particle.
(A) 2 cm (B) 2.6 cm (C) 1 cm (D) 2.3 cm
22. Following figure shows three arrangements of lenses. The radii of curvature of all the curved surfaces are
same . The ratio of the equivalent focal length of combination P, Q and R is :

(A) 1 : 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 1 : – 1 (C) 2 : 1 : 1 (D) 2 : 1 : 2

23. A ray of light passes through a prism in a principle plane ; the deviation being equal to angle of incidence
which is equal to 2a. It is given that a is the angle of prism and µ is the refractive index of the material of
prism, then

µ2 - 1 µ2 - 1 µ2 - 1
(A) cos a = (B) cos a = (C) sin a = µ -1
2
(D) sin a =
2 8 8

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 PHYSICS

EXERCISE 3
Conceptual Subjective
1. Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at 30º. A ray is incident on M at 40º. Find deviation produced
in it by three successive reflections due to mirrors.

2. Fig. shows a torch producing a straight light beam falling on a plane mirror at an angle 60º. The reflected
beam makes a spot P on the screen along Y-axis. If at t = 0, mirror starts rotating about the hinge A with
an angular velocity w = 1º per second clockwise, find the speed of the spot on the screen after time t = 15s.

3. Two plane mirrors form an angle of 120º . The distance between the two images of a point source formed by
them is 20 cm . Determine the distance from the light source to the point where the mirrors touch if it lies
on the bisector of the angle formed by the mirrors .
4. If the least distance of distinct vision of a man is 0.25 metre. Then find the minimum distance at which he
should keep a plane mirror in order to see himself conveniently .
5. Find the magnitude of velocity of image with respect to object O.

6. A concave spherical mirror forms a threefold magnified inverted image of an object . What are the principal
focal length and the radius of curvature of the surface of the mirror if the distance from the object to the
image is 28 cm ?
7. A point is 35 cm along the optical axis from a spherical concave mirror having a focal length 25 cm .
At what distance along the optical axis from the concave mirror should a plane mirror be placed for the
image it forms to coincide with the point source?
8. A concave mirror forms a real image three times larger than the object on a screen. Object and screen are
moved until the image becomes twice the size of object. If the shift of object is 6 cm, what is the shift of the
screen and the focal length of mirror ?
9. An object is present on the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. Object is at a distance
of 20 cm from mirror. If velocity of object is 5cms–1 towards mirror and velocity of mirror is 5 cms–1 towards
object then find velocity of image in mirror .

-1 -1
5cms 5cms

10. A plate with plane-parallel faces , having refractive index 1.8 rests on a plane mirror . A light ray is incident
on the upper face of the plate at 60º . How far from the entry point will the ray emerge after reflection by the
mirror if the plate is 6 cm thick ?

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 PHYSICS
11. A cubical vessel with non-transparent walls is so located that the eye of an observer does not see its
bottom , but sees all of the wall CD (as in figure) . Upto what height water should be poured into the vessel
for the observer to see an object O arranged at a distance of b = 10 cm from corner D ? The face of vessel
is a = 40 cm .

12. A glass cube of edge 1 cm and m = 1.5 has a small spot at the centre . What parts of the cube face must
be covered to prevent the spot from being seen , no matter what the direction of viewing ? What fraction of
the cube surface must be covered . Neglect the case of internal reflection .
13. A hemispherical paper weight contains a small artificial flower of size 2 cm on its axis of symmetry at a
distance 3 cm from the flat surface . What is the size of the flower as it appears to an observer when he
looks at it along the axis of symmetry , (a) from top (b) from bottom ?
[Radius of the hemisphere is 10 cm , Index of refraction of glass = 1.5]
14. A candle is 2 m from a wall . When a converging lens is placed 40 cm from the candle between the candle
and the wall , a sharp image of the candle is formed on the wall . Determine the optical power of the lens and
its magnification .
15. A plano-convex lens with a radius of curvature of 30 cm and a refractive index of 1.5 produces a real image
of an object with a magnification equal to 2 . Find the distances of the object and the image from the lens.
Draw the ray diagram .
16. An object of height 6 cm is set at right angles to the optical axis of a double convex lens of optical power
5 D and 25 cm away from the lens . Determine the focal length of the lens , the position of the image , the
linear magnification of the lens and the height of the image formed by it .
17. The height of a candle flame is 5 cm . A lens produces an image of the flame 15 cm high on a screen .
Without touching the lens, the candle is moved over a distance of l = 1.5 cm away from the lens and a
sharp image of the flame 10 cm high is obtained again after shifting the screen . Determine the focal length
of the lens .
18. A pin is placed 10 cm infront of convex lens of focal length 20 cm made of material of refractive index 1.5 .
The surface of the lens farther away from the pin is silvered and has a radius of curvature 22 cm . Determine
the position of the final image .
19. A convex lens of focal length 15 cm is placed in front of a convex mirror . Both are coaxial and the lens is
5 cm from the apex of the mirror . When an object is placed on the axis at a distance of 20 cm from the
lens, it is found that image coincides with the object . Calculate the radius of curvature of mirror .
20. A parallel beam of light travelling in water of refractive index 4/3 is refracted by a spherical air bubble of
radius 2 mm situated in water. Assuming the light rays to be paraxial, find the nature and position of the
image due to refraction at the first face .

HO
2

Bubble

21. The angle of refraction of a prism is 60º . A light ray emerges from the prism at the same angle as it is
incident on it . The refractive index of the prism is 1.5 . Determine the angle by which the ray is deflected
from its initial direction as a result of its passage through the prism .

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 PHYSICS

EXERCISE 4
Brainstorming Objective
1. Two mirrors are inclined at an angle q as shown in figure. Light ray is incident parallel to one of the mirrors.
The ray will start retracing its path after third reflection if :

)q

(A) q = 45º (B) q = 30º (C) q = 60º (D) all three

2. The reflecting surface is represented by the equation 2x = y2 as shown in figure. A ray travelling horizontal
becomes vertical after reflection. The co-ordinates of the point of incidence can be

(A) (1/2, 1) (B) (1, 1/2) (C) (1/2, 1/2) (D) (–1/2, –1)
3. By what angle mirror M2 is rotated, so that the light ray after reflection from both the mirrors become
horizontal ?

(A) 95º clockwise (B) 75º anticlockwise

(C) 5º clockwise (D) 15º clockwise

2
4. If the equation of mirror is given by y = sinpx (y > 0) then find the point on which horizontal ray
p
should be incident so that the reflected ray become perpendicular to the incident ray

æ1 3 ö æ 3 1ö æ 1 2 ö÷ æ 2 1 ö
ç , ÷ ç ÷ ç ç ÷
(A) ç3 p ÷ (B) ç p , 3÷ (C) ç 2, p ÷ (D) ç p , 2÷
è ø è ø è ø è ø

5. The reflecting surface of a plane mirror is vertical. A particle is projected in a vertical plane which is also
perpendicular to the mirror. The initial velocity of the particle is 10 m/s and the angle of projection is 60°.
The point of projection is at a distance 5 m from the mirror. The particle moves towards the mirror. Just
before the particle touches the mirror the velocity of approach of the particle and its image is :
(A) 10 m/s (B) 5 m/s (C) 10 3 m/s (D) 5 3 m/s

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 PHYSICS
6. A plane mirror lies in the x-y plane with its reflecting side on the +ve side of z-axis. A point at the coordinates
(x, y, z) has a velocity whose component along x, y, and z directions are u, v and w, respectively. The
coordinates of the image and its velocity components will be :
(A) (x, y, –z) and (u, v, –w) (B) (–x, –y, z) and (u, v, –w)
(C) (x, y, –z) and (–u, –v, w) (D) none of these
7. Sun rays are reflected from a horizontal mirror and fall on a vertical screen. A long object is placed perpen-
dicular to mirror at large distance from the screen. If object is of length h then length of the shadow on the
screen will be

(A) of height h (B) of height 2h (C) inverted (D) erect

8. An object is moving towards a mirror with a velocity v as shown in figure. If the collision between the mirror
and the object is perfectly elastic, then the velocity of the image after collision with mirror in vector form is
y
v
x
q (

(A) - vˆj (B) - v cos 2 qˆj + v sin 2 q î (C) - vî (D) - v cos q + vsin qˆi
9. There are two plane mirrors with reflecting surfaces facing each other. The mirrors are moving with speed
v away from each other. A point object is placed between the mirrrors. The velocity of the nth image will be
(A) nv (B) 2nv (C) 3nv (D) 4nv

10. A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror along a line represented by î + ˆj + k̂ . The possible orientation of
the vector which lies in the plane of the mirror for which the ray will retrace its path.

(A) 2î - 4ˆj + 2k̂ (B) î - ˆj - k̂ (C) 2î + ˆj - 2 k̂ (D) - î - ˆj - k̂

11. A body of mass 100 g is tied to one end of spring of constant 20 N/m it is released with spring unelongated.
The distance between pole of mirror and mean position of the body is 20 cm. The focal length of
convex mirror is 10 cm. The length over which vibration of image takes place is -

20cm

// O
//////// /// ///////// /
// ////

(A) 10 cm (B) 50 cm (C) 1.14 cm (D) 0.33 cm

12. For a concave mirror for a certain position of object the magnification is 0.5 and for another position of
object displaced from the former by 5cm the magnification is 0.25. The focal length of the concave mirror
is
(A) 2 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) 3.0 cm (D) 3.5 cm

13. Two concave mirrors each of radius of curvature R situated at a distance d. A point object O is placed as
shown with figure so that its image coincides with the object itself. Then d is equal to

65
 PHYSICS

R R
(A) R only (B) and R (C) 2R and (D) R and 2R
2 2
14. A concave mirror is placed on a horizontal surface and two thin uniform layers of different transparent
liquids (which do not mix or interact) are present on the reflecting surface. The refractive indices of the
upper and lower liquids are µ1 and µ2 respectively. The bright point source at a height ‘d’ (d is very large in
comparison to the thickness of the film) above the mirror coincides with its own final image. The radius of
curvature of the reflecting surface therefore is
(A) µ1d/µ2 (B) µ1µ2d (C) µ1d (D) µ2d

15. A ray R1 is incident on the plane surface of the glass slab (kept in air) of refractive index 2 at angle of
incidence equal to the critical angle for this air glass system. The refracted ray R2 undergoes partial
reflection & refraction at the other surface. The angle between reflected ray R3 and the refracted ray R4 at
the surface is:

R1

R2
R3

R4

(A) 45º (B) 135º (C) 105º (D) 75º

16. A ray of light travelling in a medium of refractive index m is incident at an angle q on a composite
transparent plate consisting of 50 plates of R.I. 1.01 m , 1.02 m , 1.03 m , ........ , 1.50 m . The ray emerges
from the composite plate into a medium of refractive index 1.6 m at angle 'x' . Then :
50
æ 1.01 ö 5
(A) sin x = ç ÷ sin q (B) sin x = sin q
è 1.5 ø 8
50
8 æ 1.5 ö
(C) sin x = sin q (D) sin x = ç ÷ sin q
5 è 1.01 ø
17. A light ray is incident on a transparent sphere of index = 2 , at an angle of incidence = 45º . What is the
deviation of a tiny fraction of the ray , which enters the sphere , undergoes two internal reflections and then
refracts out into air ?
(A) 270º (B) 240º (C) 120º (D) 180º

18. An air bubble is inside water. The refractive index of water is 4/3. At what distance from the air bubble
should a point object be placed so as to form a real image at the same distance from the bubble ?
(A) 2R (B) 3R
(C) 4R (D) the air bubble cannot form a real image

19. A concave spherical refracting surface separates two media glass and air (µglass = 1.5). If the image is to be
real, at what minimum distance u should the object be placed in air if R is the radius of curvature?
(A) u < R (B) u > 2R (C) u < 2R (D) none of these

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 PHYSICS
20. The diagram shows a concavo-convex lens. What is the condition on the refractive indices so that the lens
is diverging ?

(A) 2 m3 < m1 + m2 (B) 2 m3 > m1 + m2 (C) m3 > 2 (m1 – m2) (D) none of these
21. Distance of an object from the first focus of an equiconvex lens is 10 cm and the distance of its real image
from second focus is 40 cm. The focal length of the lens is :
(A) 25 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 20 cm (D) 40 cm
22. The greatest thickness of a plano-convex glass lens appears to be 2 cm when observed normally through
the plane face, and when observed through the curved face the greatest thickness appears to be 20/9 cms,
if real thickness is 3 cm then the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is :
(A) 6.67 cm (B) 10.0 cm (C) 20.0 cm (D) 2.22 cm
23. Two point sources P and Q are 24 cm apart. Where should a convex lens of focal length 9 cm be placed in
between them so that the images of both sources are formed at the same place ?
(A) 3 cm from P (B) 15 cm from Q (C) 9 cm from Q (D) 18 cm from P
24. A real object is placed 1 cm above the optical axis of a convex lens of focal length 40 cm. The object
distance is 60 cm. If the object now starts moving perpendicularly away from the optical axis with a speed
= 10 cm/s, the speed of the image is
(A) 5 cm/sec (B) 10 cm/sec (C) 20 cm/sec (D) 40 cm/sec
25. Monochromatic light rays parallel to x-axis strike a convex lens AB. If the lens oscillates such that AB tilts
upto a small angle q (in radian) on either side of y-axis, then the length over which oscillation of image will
take place (f = focal length of the lens)
y
A

O x

(A) fsecq (B) fsec2q (C) fq2/2 (D) the image will not move
26. A certain prism is found to produce a minimum deviation of 38º. It produces a deviation of 44º when the
angle of incidence is either 42º or 62º. What is the angle of incidence when it is undergoing minimum
deviation ?

(A) 45º (B) 49º (C) 40º (D) 55º

27. An equilateral prism ABC is placed in air with its base side BC Z A
lying horizontally along X axis as shown in the figure. A ray given
P
by 3 Z + X = 10 is incident at a point P on face AB of the
(0, 0, 0) 60º
X
prism. The value of m for which the ray grazes the face AC is : B C

Y
1 2 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) .
2 3 2 3

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 PHYSICS
28. The refracting angle of a prism is 90º. If g is the angle of minimum deviation and b is the deviation of ray
which enters at grazing incidence. If µ is refractive index of material of the prism, then which of the following
(s) is correct ?

m
(A) sing = sin2b (B) sing = cos2b (C) cosg = (D) cosg = µsinb
cos b
29. For a prism kept in air it is found that for an angle of incidence 60º, all the three angles i.e., the angle of
refraction ‘A’, angle of deviation ‘d’ and angle of emergence ‘e’ becomes equal. Then the refractive index of
the prism is
(A) 1.73 (B) 1.15 (C) 1.5 (D) 1.33
30. A beam of light, consisting of red, green and blue colours, is incident on a right-angled prism, as shown.
The refractive indices of the material of the prism for the above red, green and blue wavelengths are 1.39,
1.44 and 1.47 respectively. The prism will

(
(A) separate part of the red colour from the green and blue colours 45º
(B) separate part of the blue colour from the red and green colours
(C) separate all the three colours from one another
90º 45º(
(D) not separate even partially any colour from the other two colours

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 PHYSICS

EXERCISE 5
Brainstorming Subjective
1. A small block of mass m and a concave mirror of radius R fitted with a stand, lie on a smooth horizontal
table with a separation d between them. The mirror together with its stand has a mass m. The block is
pushed at t = 0 towards the mirror so that it starts moving towards the mirror at a constant speed V and
collides with it. The collision is perfectly elastic. Find the velocity of the image (a) at a time t < d/V, (b) at
a time t > d/V.

2. An object is placed exactly midway between a concave mirror of radius of curvature 40 cm and a convex
mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm . The mirrors face each other and are 50 cm apart . Determine the nature
and position of the image formed by the successive reflections , first at the concave mirror and then at the
convex mirror .

3. A concave mirror is placed on the path of a converging bundle of rays so that the point of intersection of the
rays is behind the mirror at 20 cm from its pole . The rays reflected by the mirror converge at a point at a
distance equal to half the focal length of the mirror. Determine the radius of curvature of the mirror .

4. Two spherical mirrors one convex and the other concave are each of the same radius ‘r’ . They are arranged
co-axially at a distance ‘2 r’ from each other . A small circle of radius ‘a’ is drawn on the convex mirror near
the pole . Find the radii of the third image formed by successive reflections on the mirrors.

5. In the figure shown, S is a tiny bulb and on the far right side is a flat mirror. Black paint on right surface of
bulb blocks any light from the bulb reaching the flat mirror directly. When the concave mirror (f = 40 cm) is
at a distance of 60 cm from the bulb, the real image of the bulb formed after one reflection from the concave
mirror and then from flat mirror coincides with the bulb. Find the distance between the bulb and flat mirror.

6. A balloon is rising up along the axis of a concave mirror (reflecting surface facing up) of radius of curvature
20 m . A ball is dropped from the balloon at a height of 15 m from the mirror when the balloon has velocity
20 m/s . Find the velocity of the image of the ball formed by concave mirror after 4 seconds from instant of
dropping the ball .

7. A gun of mass M (without bullet) fires a bullet of mass ‘ m ‘ with a horizontal speed v. The gun is fitted with
a concave mirror of focal length ‘ f ‘ facing towards the receding bullet. Find the speed of the image of the
bullet just after the firing of the bullet .

8. Two rays are incident on a spherical mirror of radius R= 5 cm parallel to its optical axis at the distance
h1 = 0.5 cm and h2 = 3 cm. Find the distance Dx between the points at which these rays intersect the
optical axis after being reflected at the mirror .

9. A point source of light is placed a distance ‘h’ below the surface of a large deep lake . Show that the
fraction ‘f’ of the light energy that escapes directly from the water surface is independent of ‘h’ and is
1 1
given by ; f = – m 2 - 1 , where m is the index of refraction of water .
2 2m

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 PHYSICS
10. Given a glass slab placed on a table . The x-axis is along its length and y-axis is along the direction of the
æ xö
thickness as shown in figure . The index of refraction of this glass slab varies as n = n0 / ç1 - ÷ , where
è rø
n0 and ‘r’ are constants . A light beam enters from air perpendicular to the slab at O and emerges at a
point A at an angle a with the vertical . Find the index of the refraction nA at A .

11. A beam of parallel rays of width b propagates in glass at an angle q to its place face. Find the beam width
after it goes over to air through this face. The refractive index of glass is µ]

12. A composite slab consisting of different media is placed infront of a concave mirror of radius of curvature
150 cm. The whole arrangement is placed in water. An object O is placed at a distance 20 cm from the
slab. The R.I. of different media are given in the diagram. Find the position of the final image formed by the
system .

13. A concave mirror of radius of curvature 40 cm is filled with water (n = 4/3) upto a height of 12 cm. A point
object O is kept on the principal axis of the mirror at height 13.5 cm from the water surface. Find the
position of the final image formed after refraction at water surface, reflection at mirror and again refraction at
water surface in succession .
O
13.5cm
/////

/ //
/
///

//

// / //
//// /// /
//////
////////////// /

14. A cylindrical glass rod of radius 0.1 m and refractive index 3 lies on horizontal plane mirror. A horizontal
ray of light moving perpendicular to the axis of the rod is incident on it. At what height from the mirror should
the ray be incident so that it leaves the rod at a height of 0.1 m above the plane mirror ? At what distance
a second similar rod , parallel to the first be placed on the mirror, such that the emergent ray from the
second rod is in line with the incident ray on the first rod?

15. The image S¢ of a point source S lying at a distance ‘b’ from a transparent sphere is formed by a small
diaphragm only by rays close to the optical axis (as in figure) . Where will the image be after the sphere
is cut into two parts perpendicular to the horizontal axis and the plane surface of the left half is silvered ?

S S
source length

a b

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 PHYSICS
16. A ball is kept at a height h above the surface of a heavy transparent sphere made of a material of refractive
index µ. The radius of the sphere is R. At t = 0, the ball is dropped to fall normally on the sphere. Find the

2h
speed of the image formed as a function of time for t < . Consider only the image by a single
g
refraction.

17. A point source is located at a distance of 20 cm from the front surface of symmetrical glass convex lens.
The lens is 5 cm thick and the radii of curvature of its surfaces are also 5 cm . How far beyond the 2nd
surface of this lens is the image of the source formed? [ mg = 1.5 ]

18. A plano convex lens has a thickness of 4 cm . When placed on a horizontal table with the curved surface
in contact with it , the apparent depth of the bottom most point of the lens is found to be 3 cm . If the lens
is inverted such that the plane face is in contact with the table , the apparent depth of the centre of the
plane face of the lens is found to be 25/8 cm . Find m and R of the lens .

19. Two media each of refractive index 1.5 with plane parallel boundaries are separated by 100 cm . A convex
lens of focal length 60 cm is placed midway between them with its principal axis normal to the boundaries.
A luminous point object O is placed in one medium on the axis of the lens at a distance 125 cm from it .
Find the position of its image formed as a result of refraction through the system .

20. Paraxial rays parallel to principal axis are falling on a thin equiconvex lens of radius of curvature R. Refractive
index of the material of the lens is µ. If the image is formed after n total internal reflections, then find the
distance of final image from the lens.

21. A light ray parallel to the principal axis is incident (as shown in the figure) on a thin planoconvex lens with
radius of curvature of its curved part equal to 10cm. Assuming that the refractive index of the material of the
lens is 4/3 and medium on both sides of the lens is air, find the distance of the point from the right surface
of lens where this ray meets the principal axis. Find your answer in the form X/7 cm and fill value of X.

22. A parallel beam of light is incident on a system consisting of three thin lenses with a common optical axis.
The focal lengths of the lenses are equal to f1 = + 10 cm , f2 = – 20 cm and f3 = + 9 cm respectively.
The distance between the first and the second lens is 15 cm and between the second and the third lens is
5 cm . Find the position of the point at which the beam converges when it leaves the system of lenses .

23. A plano-convex lens is silvered on its plane-side and then it acts like a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm,
when the convex side is silvered it acts like a concave mirror of 7 cm focal length. What is the refractive
index of the lens ?

24. Consider a ‘beam expander’ which consists of two converging lenses of focal lengths
40 cm and 100 cm having a common optical axis. A laser beam of diameter 4 mm is
incident on the 40 cm focal length lens. Find the diameter of the final beam. (see figure)

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 PHYSICS
25. A convex lens of focal length 15 cm is split into two halves and the two halves are placed at a separation of
120 cm. Between the two halves of convex lens a plane mirror is placed horizontally and at a distance of 4
mm below the principal axis of the lens halves. An object AB of length 2mm is placed at a distance of 20
cm from one half lens as shown in figure. The final image of the point A is formed at a distance of n/3 mm
from the principle axis. Determine the value of n.

f=15cm f=15cm

B
2mm
A
20cm 4 mm

120cm

26. A thin converging lens of focal length f = 1.5 m is placed along y-axis such that its optical centre coincides
with the origin. A small light source S is placed at (–2.0 m, 0.1m). Where should a plane mirror inclined at
an angle q, tan q = 0.3 be placed such that y co-ordinate of final image is 0.3 m, i.e., find d. Also find x-co-
ordinate of final image. Y

S
q

(
X
O

27. A thin convex lens of focal length f = 30 cm is cut into two pieces 8 mm above the optical axis. The
parts are then placed along x-axis as shown in the figure. An object is present on x axis at
(–40 cm , 0) . Find distance (in mm) of the final image from x-axis.

O x

90cm

28. At what values of the refractive index of a rectangular prism can a ray travel as shown in figure . The section
of the prism is an isosceles triangle and the ray is normally incident onto the face AB.

29. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60º on one face of a prism which has an angle of 30º . The ray
emerging out of the prism makes an angle of 30º with the incident ray . Show that the emergent ray is
perpendicular to the face through which it emerges and calculate the refractive index of the material of the
prism .

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 PHYSICS
30. Three isosceles right angles prisms of the refractive indices m1 , m2 and m3 are placed in contact with their
bases opposite as in figure . If a ray passes through the block of prisms so formed without being deviated,

show that m12 + m32 – m 22 = 1 .

31. The figure shows the path of a ray passing through an equiangular prism PQR. It is incident on face PR at
the critical angle (slightly greater than C) for total internal reflection. If the angle a shown in the figure is 30°,
determine the R.I. of the material of the prism .

32. An equilateral prism deviates a ray through 23º for two angles of incidence differing by 23º. Find µ of the
prism ?

33. A direct-vision prism is made out of three prisms, each with a refracting angle of 60º, attached to each other
as shown in the figure. Light of a certain wavelength is incident on the first prism. The angle of incidence is
30º and the ray leaves the third prism parallel to the direction of incidence. The refractive index of the glass
of the first and third prisms is 1.5. Find the refractive index of the material of the middle prism. ( 6 = 2.45 )

34. An equilateral prism provides the least deflection angle 45º in air. Find the refracting index of an unknown
liquid in which same prism gives least deflection angle of 30º.

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 PHYSICS

EXERCISE 6 NEW IIT-JEE PATTERN QUESTION

MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER TYPE

1. Two plane mirrors at an angle such that a ray incident on a mirror undergoes a total deviation of 240º after
two reflections :
(A) the angle between the mirror is 60º
(B) the number of images formed by this system will be 5 , if an object is placed symmetrically between the
mirrors
(C) the number of images will be 5 if an object is kept unsymmetrically between the mirrors
(D) a ray will retrace its path after 2 successive reflections, if the angle of incidence on one mirror is 60º
2. A man of height 170 cm wants to see his complete image in a plane mirror (while standing) . His eyes are
at a height of 160 cm from the ground. Then :
(A) Minimum length of the mirror = 80 cm
(B) Minimum length of the mirror = 85 cm
(C) Bottom of the mirror should be at a height 80 cm
(D) Bottom of the mirror should be at a height 85 cm
3. In the figure shown consider the first reflection at the plane mirror and second at the convex mirror. AB is
object.

(A) the second im age isreal,inverted of1/5th magnification

(B) the second image is virtual and erect with magnification 1/5
(C) the second image moves towards the convex mirror
(D) the second image moves away from the convex mirror

4. The x-z plane separates two media A and B with refractive indices m1 and m2 respectively. A ray of light
r
travels from A to B . Its directions in the two media are given by the unit vectors, rA = a î + b ˆj and
r
rB = a î + b ˆj where î and ˆj are unit vectors in the x & y directions. Then :

(A) m1a = m2a (B) m1a = m2a (C) m1b = m2b (D) m1b = m2b
5. A ray of light is incident upon an air/water interface (it passes from air into water) at an angle of 45º . Which
of the following quantities change as the light enters the water ?
(A) Wavelength (B) Frequency
(C) Speed of propagation (D) Direction of propagation
6. A fish , F in the pond is at a depth of 0.8 m from the water surface and is moving vertically upwards with
velocity 2 m/s. At the same instant, a bird B is at a height of 6 m from the water surface and is moving
downwards with velocity 3 m/s. At this instant, both are on the same vertical line as shown in the figure .
Which of the following statements are correct ?
(A) Height of B, observed by F (from itself) is equal to 5.30 m
(B) Depth of F, observed by B (from itself) is equal to 6.60 m
(C) Height of B, observed by F (from itself) is equal to 8.80 m
(D) None of the above

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 PHYSICS

7. A ray of light is incident normally on one face of 30º – 60º – 90º prism of refractive index 5/3 immersed in
water of refractive index 4/3 as shown in figure .

(A) The exit angle q2 of the ray is sin–1 (58 )

(B) The exit angle q2 of the ray is sin–1
æ 5 ö
ç ÷
è4 3ø

(C) Total internal reflection at point P ceases if the refractive index of water is increased to
5 by
2 3
dissolving some substance
(D) Total internal reflection at point P ceases if the refractive index of water is increased to 5/6 by
dissolving some substance
8. For refraction through a small angled prism , the angle of deviation :
(A) increases with the increase in R.I. of prism
(B) will decrease with the increase in R.I. of prism
(C) is directly proportional to the angle of prism
(D)willbe 2d for a ray of R.I. = 2.4 , if it is d for a ray of R.I. = 1.2
9. Two convex lenses placed in contact form the image of a distant
object at P. If the lens B is moved to the right, then which is/are
not correct for the image?
(A) move to the left
(B) move to the right
(C) remain at P
(D) move either to the left or right, depending upon focal length of the lenses
10. Which of the following can form diminished , virtual and erect image of your face ?
(A) Converging mirror (B) Diverging mirror
(C) Converging lens (D) Diverging lens
11. A convex lens forms an image of an object on a screen. The height of the image is 9 cm. The lens is
now displaced until an image is again obtained on the screen. Then height of this image is 4 cm . The
distance between the object and the screen is 90 cm .
(A) The distance between the two positions of the lens is 30 cm
(B) The distance of the object from the lens in its first position is 36 cm
(C) The height of the object is 6 cm
(D) The focal length of the lens is 21.6 cm
12. The radius of curvature of the left and right surface of the concave lens are 10 cm and 15 cm respectively .
The radius of curvature of the mirror is 15 cm.
air
(A) equivalent focal length of the combination is – 18 cm Water(m=4/3)
(B) equivalent focal length of the combination is + 36 cm
Glass
(C) the system behaves like a concave mirror (m=1.5)
(D) the system behaves like a convex mirror

13. Out of the following , select the correct statements :

(A) A double convex air bubble in water would behave as a convergent lens
(B) A convex lens of focal length f1 is placed in contact with a concave lens of focal length f2. The combination
will act as a convex lens if f1 < f2.
(C) An small object of linear dimensions L is placed along the axis of a thin lens placed in air. The size of
the image is Lv2/u2.
(D) The focal length of lens of power 200 D is 0.5 cm.

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 PHYSICS
14. A luminous point object is placed at O , whose image is formed at I as shown in the figure. AB is the optical
axis.If height of object is equal to height of image, which of the following statements are correct ?

(A) If a lens is used to obtain image, the lens must be converging

(B) If a mirror is used to obtain image, the mirror must be a convex mirror having pole at the point of
intersection of lines OI and AB
(C) Position of principal focus of mirror cannot be found
(D) I is real image
15. A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is covered by an
opaque screen :
(A) Half of the image will disappear (B) Complete image will be formed
(C) Intensity of the image will increase (D) Intensity of the image will decrease
16. Which of the following statements are incorrect ?
(A) When a lens is dipped in water, magnitude of its focal length increases
(B) When a lens is dipped in water, magnitude of its focal length decreases
(C) When a spherical mirror is dipped in water, magnitude of its focal length increases
(D) When a lens is dipped in water magnitude of its focal length remains same

17. XX ' is the optic axis of an optical instrument. A is the position of a real point object. B is the position of
its image. Both the object and image are close to the optic axis and distance of the object from the optic
axis is greater than that of image. The optical instrument can possibly be

(A) diverging lens (B) converging lens (C) concave mirror (D) convex mirror
18. In displacement method, the distance between object and screen is 96 cm. The ratio of length of two
images formed by a convex lens placed between them is 4.84.
(A) Ratio of the length of object to the length of shorter image is 11/5
(B) Distance between the two positions of the lens is 36 cm
(C) Focal length of the lens is 22.5 cm
(D) Distance of the lens from the shorter image is 30 cm
19. An object O is kept infront of a converging lens of focal length 30 cm behind which there is a plane mirror
at 15 cm from the lens. 30cm

(A) the final image is formed at 60 cm from the lens towards right of it
O
(B) the final image is at 60 cm from lens towards left of it
(C) the final image is real
(D) the final image is virtual 15cm 15cm

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 PHYSICS
20. A thin symmetric double-convex lens of power P is cut into three parts A , B and C as shown . The power
of :

B C

(A) A is P (B) A is 2P (C) B is P (D) B is P/4

21. Two refracting media are separated by a spherical interface as shown in the figure. PP’ is the principal axis,
µ1 and µ2 are the refractive indices of medium of incidence and medium of refraction respectively. Then :

µ2 µ1
P P’

(A) if µ2 > µ1 , then there cannot be a real image of real object

(B) if µ2 > µ1 , then there cannot be a real image of virtual object
(C) if µ1 > µ2 , then there cannot be a virtual image of virtual object
(D) if µ1 > µ2 , then there cannot be a real image of real object.

REASONING TYPE
22. Statement-1 :
Geometrical optics can be regarded as the limiting case of wave optics
Statement-2 :
When size of obstacle or opening is very large compared to the wavelength of light then wave nature can be
ignored and light can be assumed to be travelling in straight line.

23. Statement-1 :A ray of light reflected successively from three mutually perpendicular mirrors reverses its
path
Statement-2 : Whenever light is reflected from an optically denser medium, the reflected ray undergoes an
abrupt phase change of p radians

24. Statement-1 :
For observing traffic at our back, we prefer to use a convex mirror.
Statement-2 :
A convex mirror has a more larger field of view than a plane mirror or concave mirror.

25. Statement-1 :
A virtual image can be photographed.
Statement-2 :
Only a real image can be formed on a screen.

26. Statement-1 :
A convex lens may be diverging.
Statement-2 :
The nature of a lens depends upon the refractive indices of the material of lens and surrounding medium
besides geometry.

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 PHYSICS

27. Statement-1 : Law of reflection is applicable for all type of mirrors.

Statement-2 : Rays which are parallel to principle axis are known as paraxial rays.

28. Statement-1 :
If a plane glass slab is placed on the letters of different colours then all the letters appear to be raised up to
the same height.
Statement-2 :
Refractive index of a medium depends upon wavelength of light.

29. Statement-1 :

Re al depth
The formula, = µ is valid for normal incidence.
Apparent depth

Statement-2 :

é sin i » tan i ù
Normal view favours to take approximation êsin r » tan r ú , where i and r are angle of incidence & angle of
ë û

Real depth
refraction, to derive the relation µ =
Apparent depth .

30. Statement-1 :
When a glass prism is immersed in water, the deviation caused by prism decreases.
Statement-2 :
Refractive index of glass prism relative to water is less than relative to air.

31. Statement-1 :
When white light passes through a prism, deviation of violet light is more than green light.
Statement-2 :
In a prism average deviation is measured as deviation of yellow light.

32. Statement-1 :
The power of a thin lens depends upon the surrounding medium.
Statement-2 :
Power of a thin lens = µ/F.

33. Statement-1 : The focal length of lens does not change when red light is replaced by blue light.
Statement-2 : The focal length of lens depends on the colour of light used.

34. Statement-1 : Sun glasses have zero power even though their surfaces are curved.
Statement - 2 : Both the surfaces of the sun glasses are curved in the same direction with same radii.

35. Statement-1 :The image formed by total internal reflection is much brighter than those formed by mirror or
lenses.

Statement-2 : There is no loss of intensity in total internal reflection.

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 PHYSICS

LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

Write Up-1
A man is standing in a room and a plane mirror is fixed on the wall in front of him. The height of the wall is
H. Man has to see the complete image of wall behind him at a time.

36. When the man is standing near wall i.e. at position 1, the minimum length of the mirror required is :
(A) H (B) H/2 (C) H/3 (D) H/4

37. When the man is standing at the middle of the room i.e. at position 2, the minimum length of the mirror
required is :
(A) H (B) H/2 (C) H/3 (D) H/4

38. When the man is at position 3, the minimum length of the mirror required is :
(A) H (B) H/2 (C) H/3 (D) H/4
Write Up-2
A projectile is projected at an angle f , with a speed u in the vertical plane and there is a plane mirror OM,
in which image of the projectile is observed.

q f
O

39. At a particular instant, image of the projectile appears to be at rest with respect to object. At this moment
speed of the projectile is

u sin q u sin (q + f ) u sin f u cos f

(A)
sin f
(B)
sin f (q - f ) (C)
sin q
(D)
cos q

40. The image will have maximum velocity with respect to object when the particle has speed

u cos (q + f ) u cos f u sin f u sin q

(A)
cos (f - q ) (B)
sin q
(C)
cos q
(D)
cos f

41. The path of the image as seen by the projectile will be

(A) straight line (B) parabola (C) circle (D) ellipse
Write Up-3
Spherical aberration in spherical mirrors is a defect which is due to dependence of focal length ‘f’ on angle
of incidence ‘q’ as shown in figure is given by

R
f =R- sec q
2
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 PHYSICS
where R is radius of curvature of mirror and q is the angle of incidence. The rays which are closed to
principal axis are called paraxial rays and the rays far away from principal axis are called marginal rays. As
a result of above dependence different rays are brought to focus at different points and the image of a point
object is on a point.

42. If fp and fm represent the focal length of paraxial and marginal rays respectively, then correct relationship is
(A) fp = fm (B) fp > fm (C) fp < fm (D) none

43. If angle of incidence is 60°, then focal length of this ray is :

(A) R (B) R/2 (C) 2R (D) 0

44. The total deviation suffered by the ray falling on mirror at an angle of incidence equal to 60° is
(A) 180° (B) 90° (C) Can’t be determined (D) none

45. For paraxial rays, focal length approximately is :

(A) R (B) R/2 (C) 2R (D) none

46. Which of the following statements are correct regarding spherical aberration :
(A) It can be completely eliminated
(B) It can’t be completely eliminated but it can be minimized by allowing either paraxial or marginal rays to
hit the mirror
(C) It is reduced by taking large aperture mirrors
(D) none
Write Up-4
An object is present on the principal axis of a concave mirror at a distance 30 cm from it. Focal length of
mirror is 20 cm.

30cm

47. Image formed by mirror is :

(A) At a distance 60 cm in front of mirror
(B) At a distance 60 cm behind the mirror
(C) At a distance 12 cm in front of mirror
(D) At a distance 12 cm behind the mirror.
48. If object starts moving with 2 cms–1 along principal axis towards the mirror then :
(A) image starts moving with 8 cms–1 away from the mirror
(B) image starts moving with 8 cms–1 towards the mirror
(C) image starts moving with 4 cms–1 towards the mirror
(D) image starts moving with 4 cms–1 away from the mirror
49. If object starts moving with 2 cms–1 perpendicular to principal axis above the principal axis then :
(A) image moves with velocity 4 cms–1 below the principal axis
(B) image moves with velocity 4 cms–1 above the principal axis
(C) image moves with velocity 8 cms–1 below the principal axis
(D) image moves with velocity 8 cms–1 above the principal axis

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 PHYSICS
Write Up-5
The figure shows a ray incident at an angle i = p/3. If the plot drawn shows the variation of |r – i| versus
m1
m 2 = k, (r = angle of refraction)

µ1
µ2
i

50. The value of k1 is :

2 1 3
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
3 3 2
51. The value of q1 is :
(A) p/3 (B) p/2 (C) p/6 (D) zero
52. The value of k2 is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 1/2 (D) none

Write Up-6
A point object is placed on the optical axis of an equiconvex glass lens of focal length 7.5 cm. The distance
of object from the lens is 20 cm as shown in figure.

53. The lens is splitted along two halves along the plane YY¢ and right half is shifted towards right by 30 cm
keeping the left half fixed at its position as shown in figure II. What is the shift in location of image?

(A) 28 cm (B) 48 cm (C) 62 cm (D) 10 cm

54. The right half lens is further displaced perpendicular to line XX¢ by 6 mm as shown in figure III. What is
further shift in image from its earlier position (position in figure II)?

(A) 6 mm (B) 4 mm (C) 3 mm (D) 2mm

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 PHYSICS
55. The two halves are grouped together as in figure II and space is filled with water as shown in figure IV. What
is shift in position of image from its position of figure (II) (mg = 3/2, mw = 4/3)

(A) 7.5 cm (B) 10.7 cm (C) 0.7 cm (D) 17.5 cm

Write Up-7
" Figure shows a convex lens of focal length 15 cm. A point object is placed on the principle axis of lens at
a distance 20 cm from it as shown. On the other side of lens two observer eyes O1 and O2 are situated at
a distance 100 cm from the lens at some distance above and below the principle axis.

Activity I : Now half position of lens below principle axis is painted black
Activity II : After this , lens is cut along its horizontal diameter and upper part of it is raised up slightly in
vertical direction.
56. In initial setup before the activities which of the following statement is correct?
(A) Observer O1 will see a real image at 60 cm from the lens but observer O2 will not be able to see it.
(B) Observer O2 will see a real image at 60 cm from the lens but observer O1 will not be able to see it.
(C) Both the observers will see a real image at 60 cm from lens irrespective the positions of O1 and O2.
(D) Both the observers may or may not be able to see the image at 60 cm from lens depending on the
positions of O1 and O2.
57. After activity - I , which of the following observer will not be able to see the image of object , if before this
activity both were seeing the image?
(A) O1 (B) O2
(C) both O1 & O2 (D) neither O1 nor O2
58. After activity - I , for which observer the intensity of image will be reduced to half.
(A) for O1 (B) for O2
(C) both for O1 & O2 (D) neither for O1 nor for O2
59. After activity - II , which of the following statements is correct?
(A) An image will be seen by both the observers , no matter what will be the displacement of lens
(B) An image will still be formed at a distance 60 cm from the lens
(C) An image will still be formed at the same position where it was before activity - II
(D) None of these
60. If from the initial setup directly activity - II is executed skipping activity - I , how many images may be seen
by the observers.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Write Up-8

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 PHYSICS
White light is incident on a glass prism such that dispersion takes place. Light with different wavelengths
are travelling in different directions and with different speeds. So, different coloured rays are deviated in
different directions from original direction of incident white light. Now, answer the following questions.
61. If rV and rR are the angles of refraction for violet and red rays inside the prism, then :

(A) rV > rR (B) rV < rR (C) rV = rR (D) None

62. If mV and mR are the refractive indices for violet and red rays, then :

(A) mV > m R (B) mV < m R (C) mV = m R (D) None

63. If dV and dR are the angles of deviation of violet and red rays with respect to incident direction of white
light, then :
(A) dV > d R (B) dV < d R (C) d V = dR (D) None

64. If CV and CR are the speeds of violet and red rays inside the prism, then :

(A) CV > CR (B) CV < C R (C) CV = CR (D) None

Write Up-9
Real images of an object are formed on the screen for two positions of a lens separated by a distance 60
cm.
65. If the distance between object and screen is 180 cm then, the focal length of the lens is :
(A) 40 cm (B) 25 cm (C) 14 cm (D) 20 cm
66. The ratio between the sizes of the two images will be :
(A) 1/3 (B) 3 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/2
67. The images in the two cases have sizes 0.4 cm and 0.9 cm. The size of the object will be :
(A) 0.36 cm (B) 0.6 cm (C) 1.5 cm (D) 0.9 cm

MATRIX MATCH TYPE

68. A plane mirror is arranged parallel to the screen and a point source S is kept on the screen as shown in
figure. The mirror is moving near the screen.Corresponding to the direction of motion of the mirror match
the column. (Consider the moment the motion starts)

Column - I Column- II
(A) Direction of motion of mirror along 1 (p) length of spot increases
(B) Direction of motion of mirror along 2 (q) length of spot decreases
(C) Direction of motion of mirror along 3 (r) length of spot does not change
(D) Direction of motion of mirror along 4 (s) brightness of spot increases

69. Angle between two mirrors ‘q’ and location of object is given in column I and some possible number of
images are given in column II. Match the two columns.
Column I Column - II
(A) q = 60º and object is not on bisector (p) 4
(B) q = 72º and object is on bisector (q) 5
(C) q = 45º and object is on bisector (r) 7
(D) q = 50º and object is on bisector (s) 8

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 PHYSICS
70. A point object is placed in front of a plane mirror as shown and moving with velocity 3 m/s towards
mirror. Mirror is moving with speed 2 m/s towards object, then

Column 1 Column 2
(A) speed of image w.r.t. ground (p) 10 m/s
(B) speed of image w.r.t. mirror (q) 5 m/s
(C) speed of image w.r.t. object (r) 14 m/s
(D) speed of mirror w.r.t. object (s) 7 m/s
71. A plane mirror is placed in x-z plane with its reflecting surface facing towards negative y-axis. The mirror is
moving parallel to positive x-axis with a speed of 5 m/s. A point object P is moving in front of the mirror with

a velocity ( 3m / s ) ˆi + ( 4m / s ) ˆj + ( 5m / s ) kˆ , then
Column-I Column-II

(A) Velocity of image (p) ( -2m / s ) ˆi + ( 4m / s ) ˆj + ( 5m / s ) kˆ

(B) Velocity of image w.r.t. mirror (q) ( -8m / s ) ˆj
(C) Velocity of image w.r.t. object (r) ( 3m / s ) ˆi + ( -4m / s ) ˆj + ( 5m / s ) kˆ
(D) Velocity of object w.r.t. mirror (s) ( -2m / s ) ˆi + ( -4m / s ) ˆj + ( 5m / s ) kˆ
72. A concave mirror forms image ‘I’ of an object ‘O’ as shown in figure. At the given position of object it starts
moving along one of the paths which causes motion of its image also. Match the line of motion of image
with the direction of motion of object.
B

C O A
D
Q P
R
S I

Column I Column II
(direction of motion of object) (Line of motion of image)
(A) Along A (p) on line P
(B) Along B (q) on line Q
(C) Along C (r) on line R
(D) Along D (s) on line S
73. For a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm, match the following. (Consider the case of real object only)
Column I Column II
(Object distance) (Nature of image)
(A) 10 cm (p) Magnified, inverted & real
(B) 30 cm (q) Equal size, inverted & real
(C) 40 cm (r) Smaller, inverted & real
(D) 50 cm (s) Magnified, erect & virtual
74. A white light ray is incident on a glass prism, and it creates four refracted rays A,B,C and D. Match the
refracted rays with the colours given (1 & D are rays due to total internal reflection)

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 PHYSICS
Column – I (Ray) Column – II ( Colour)
(A) A (p) Red
(B) B (q) green
(C) C (r) yellow
(D) D (s) blue
75. There is a equi biconvex lens, made of refractive index 3/2 and radius of curvature 60 cm.
Column – I Column – II
(A) Its focal length is (p) Infinite
(B) When placed in a liquid of m = 5/2, (q) less than 60 cm
its focal length is
(C) When placed in a liquid of m = 5/4, (r) more than 60 cm
its focal length is
(D) When placed in a liquid of m = 3/2, (s) 60 cm
its focal length is
76. A convex lens forms an image of an object on a screen. The height of the image is 9 cm. The lens is now
displaced until an image is again obtained on the screen. The height of the image is 4 cm. The distance
between object and screen is 90 cm.
Column – I Column – II
(A) The distance of object from lens for 1st position (p) 6 cm
(B) Height of the object (q) 36 cm
(C) Focal length of the lens is (r) 21.6 cm
(D) Product of magnifications in the two cases (s) Unity.
77. Consider the following diagram representing magnification against image distance for a real object for a
convex lens:

q
v
Column – I Column – II

(A) Focal length of the lens (p) Inverse of slope of line.

(B) Intercept on V-axis (q) Unity
(C) Magnitude of intercept on m-axis (r) Focal length
(D) Slope of the line (s) Inverse of the focal length.

78. Column – I(Arrangement) Column – II(Number of images formed)

O
Object
(A) (p) 1
120°

m1
object m2
(B) (q) 2
m3

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 PHYSICS

object m2
(C) m1 (r) 3

object
(D) (s) 4

79. Regarding power of an optical instrument, match the following table.

Column (I) Column (II)
(A) Convex mirror (p) Positive
(B) Diverging lens (q) Negative
(C) Concave mirror (r) Infinite
(D) Plane glass plate (s) Zero

80. Column – I Column – II

(A) Converging system (p) convex lens
(B) Diverging system (q) concave lens
(C) Virtual Image is formed by (r) concave mirror
(D) Magnification < 1 is possible with (s) convex mirror

81. In Column I are shown four diagrams of real object point O, image point I and principal axis(optical axis).
Select the proper optical system from Column II which can produce the required image. (Image may be
real or virtual)
Column I Column II

(A) (p) Diverging lens

(B) (q) Converging lens

(C) (r) Concave mirror

(D) (s) Convex mirror

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 PHYSICS

EXERCISE 7
CBSE FLASH BACK
1. Why convex mirror is used as a rear view mirror in vehicles ?
or
If you are driving a car, what type of mirror would you prefer to use for observing traffic at your back ?

2. Is it possible to find the nature of mirror (plane or concave or convex) just with the help of the nature of the
image of an object ?
or
How can you conclude about the nature of mirror without touching it ?
3. What happens to the image if aperture of a spherical mirror is large ?
4. Define the refraction index of glass in terms of velocity of light.
5. What is the speed of light in glass having refractive index 1.5.
6. Calculate speed of light in a medium, where critical angle is 45º.
7. An object is placed at the focus of a concave lens. Where will its image be formed?
8. A concave mirror and a convex lens are held in water. What changes, if any, do you expect in their
respective focal lengths as compared to their values in air.
9. Two thin lenses of powers +7D and –3D are in contact. What is the focal length of the combination ?
10. A thin prism of angle 60º gives a deviation of 30º. What is the refractive index of the material of the prism.
11. State the condition for total internal reflection. Calculate the speed of light in medium where critical angle is
45º.
12. A ray of light when moves from denser to rarer medium undergoes total internal reflection. Derive the
expression for critical angle in terms of speed of light in the respective media.
13. Write thin lens formula for a convex lens and draw the graph showing the variation of u and v for a convex
lens.
14. Violet light is incident on a thin convex lens. If this light is replaced by red light, explain with reason, how
the power of this lens would change?
15. The image of a candle is formed by a convex lens on a screen. The lower half of the lens is painted black
to make it completely opaque. Draw the ray diagram to show the image formation. How will this image be
different from the one obtained when the lens is not painted black?
16. Derive the expression :

m 2 m1 m 2 - m1
- =
v u R

When refraction occurs from rarer to denser medium at convex spherical refracting surface (m1 < m2).

17. Derive expression for lens maker's formula

æ 1 1 ö
= (m - 1)çç
1
- ÷÷
f è R1 R 2 ø

where the letters have their usual meanings.

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 PHYSICS
18. Draw a ray diagram of real image of the same size as that of the object placed in front of a converging lens.
Using this ray diagram establish the relation between u, v and f in this lens.
19. Derive the formula for the focal length of a combination of two thin lenses placed in contact.
20. Describe a compound microscope and find an expression for its magnifying power.
21. Describe an astronomical telescope and find and expression for its magnifying power.
22. Draw a labelled ray diagram for a reflecting type telescope. Write four advantages of a reflecting type
telescope over a refracting type telescope.
23. Draw a graph to show the angle of deviation d with variation of the angle of incidence i for a monochromatic

æ A + dm ö
sin ç ÷
m = è 2 ø
ray of light passing through a prism of refracting angle A. Deduce the relation A
sin
2

24. Explain, how two thin prisms can be combined to produce dispersion without deviation of the mean light.
Obtain a formula for the resultant dispersion.

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 PHYSICS

EXERCISE 8
AIEEE FLASH BACK
1. A candle placed 25 cm from a lens, forms an image on a screen placed 75 cm on the other end of the lens.
The focal length and type of the lens should be: [AIEEE 2003]
(A) + 18.75 cm and convex lens (B) – 18.75 cm and concave lens
(C) + 20.25 cm and convex lens (D) – 20.25 cm and concave lens
2. A light ray is incident perpendicular to one face of a 90º prism and is totally internally reflected at the glass-
air interface. If the angle of reflection is 45º, we conclude that the refractive index n is: [AIEEE 2004]

45º

45º

1 1
(A) n < (B) n > 2 (C) n > (D) n < 2
2 2
3. A plano-convex lens of refractive index 1.5 and radius of curvature 30 cm is silvered at the curved surface.
Now this lens has been used to form the image of an object. At what distance from this lens an object be
placed in order to have a real image of the size of the object? [AIEEE 2004]
(A) 20 cm (B) 30 cm (C) 60 cm (D) 80 cm
4. A fish looking up through the water sees the outside world contained in a circular horizon. If the refractive
index of water is 4/3 and the fish is 12 cm below the surface, the radius of this circle in cm is:
[AIEEE 2005]
R
q
12 cm
q

(A) 36 5 (B) 4 5 (C) 36 7 (D) 36/ 7

5. A thin glass (refractive index 1.5) lens has optical power of – 5D in air. Its optical power in a liquid medium
with refractive index 1.6 will be: [AIEEE 2005]
(A) 25 D (B) – 25 D (C) 0.625 D (D) – 1 D
6. The refractive index of glass is 1.520 for red light and 1.525 for blue light. Let D1 and D2 be the angles of
minimum deviation for red light and blue light respectively in a prism of this glass. Then:[AIEEE 2006]
(A) D1 > D2 (B) D1 < D2 (C) D1 = D2
(D) D1 can be less than or greater than depending upon the angle of prism
7. Two lenses of power – 15 D and + 5 D are in contact with each other. The focal length of the combination
is: [AIEEE 2007]
(A) + 10 cm (B) – 20 cm (C) – 10 cm (D) + 20 cm

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 PHYSICS
8. A student measures the focal length of convex lens by putting an object pin at a distance 'u' from the
lens and measuring the distance 'v' of the image pin. The graph between 'u' and 'v' plotted by the
student should-look like. [AIEEE-2008]
v (cm) v (cm) v (cm) v (cm)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

o u (cm) o u (cm) o u (cm) o u (cm)
9. In an opitcs experiment, with the position of the object fixed, a student varies the position of a convex
lens and for each position, the screen is adjusted to get a clear image of the object. A graph between
the object distance u and the image distance v, from the lens, is plotted using the same scale for the
two axes. A straight line passing through the origin and making an angle of 45º with the x-axis meets
the experimental curve at P. The corrdinates of P will be [AIEEE-2009]

æf f ö
(A) (4f, 4f) (B) (2f, 2f) (C) ç , ÷ (D) (f, f)
è2 2ø
10. A car is fitted with a convex side-view mirror of focal length 20cm . A second car 2.8m behind the first
car is overtaking the first car at a relative speed of 15m/s. The speed of the image of the second car
as seen in the mirror of the first one is [AIEEE-2011]
1 1
(A) m/s (B) m/s (C) 10m/s (D) 15m/s
10 15
11. Let the x-z plane be the boundary between two transparent media. Medium 1 in z ³ 0 has refractive
index of 2 and medium 2 with z < 0 has a refractive in index of 3 . A ray of light in medium 1 given
r
by the vector A = 6 3iˆ + 8 3jˆ - 10kˆ in incident on the plane of separation. The angle of refraction
in medium 2 is [AIEEE-2011]
(A) 30º (B) 45º (C) 60º (D) 75º
12. An object 2.4 m in front of a lens forms a sharp image on a film 12 cm behind the lens. A glass plate
1 cm thick, of refractive index 1.50 is interposed between lens and film with its plane faces parallel to film.
At what distance (from lens) should object be shifted to be in sharp focus on film? [AIEEE-2012]
(A) 3.2 m (B) 5.6 m (C) 7.2 m (D) 2.4 m
13. The graph between angle of deviation (d) and angle of incidence (i) for a triangular prism is represented
by : [JEE-Main-2013]

d
d
(A) (B)

O i
O i

d d
(C) (D)

O i O i

14. Diameter of a plano - convex lens is 6 cm and thickness at the centre is 3 mm. If speed of light in material
of lens is 2×108 m/s, the focal length of the lens is : [JEE-Main-2013]
(A) 15 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 30 cm (D) 10 cm

90
 PHYSICS

9
S
o
EXERCISE
IIT-JEE OBJECTIVE FLASH BACK
OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS (only one option is correct)

1. When a ray of light enters a glass slab from air : [1980, 1M]
(A) its wavelength decreases
(B) its wavelength increases
(C) its frequency increases
(D) neither its wavelength nor its frequency changes
2. A glass prism of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in water (refractive index 4/3). A light beam
incident normally on the face AB is totally reflected to reach the face BC if : [1981, 3M]

(A) sinq > 8/9 (B) 2/3 < sinq < 8/9
(C) sinq < 2/3 (D) none of these
3. A convex lens of focal length 40 cm is in contact with a concave lens of focal length 25 cm. The power of the
combination is : [1982, 3M]
(A) –1.5 D (B) –6.5 D (C) +6.5 D (D) +6.67 D
4. A ray of light from a denser medium strikes a rarer medium at an angle of incidence i (see
figure). The reflected and refracted rays make an angle of 90° with each other. The angles
of reflection and refraction are r and r’. The critical angle is : [1983, 1M]

(A) sin–1(tan r) (B) sin–1(cot i) (C) sin–1(tan r¢) (D) tan–1(sin i)

5. A short linear object of length b lies along the axis of a concave mirror of focal length f at a distance u from
the pole of the mirror. The size of the image is approximately equal to : [1988, 2M]

æ u -f ö
1/ 2 1/ 2
æ u -f ö
2
æ f ö æ f ö
(A) bç ÷ (B) bç ÷ (C) bç ÷ (D) bç ÷
è f ø è u -f ø è f ø èu-f ø

6. A beam of light consisting of red, green and blue colours is incident on a right-
angled prism. The refractive indices of the material of the prism for the above red,
green and blue wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively. The prism will :

(A) separate the red colour from the green and blue colours
(B) separate the blue colour from the red and green colours
(C) separate all the three colours from one another
(D) not separate even partially any colour from the other two colours. [1989, 2M]

7. A thin prism P1 with angle 4° and made from glass of refractive index 1.54 is combined with another thin
prism P2 made from glass of refractive index 1.72 to produce dispersion without deviation. The angle of the
prism P2 is : [1990, 2M]
(A) 5.33° (B) 4° (C) 3° (D) 2.6°
8. Two thin convex lenses of focal lengths f1 and f2 are separated
by a horizontal distance d (where d < f1, d < f2) and their centres
are displaced by a vertical separation D as shown in the figure .
Taking the origin of coordinates, O, at the centre of the first lens,
the x and y-coordinates of the focal point of this lens system, for
a parallel beam of rays coming from the left, are given by :

91
 PHYSICS

f1f 2 f1 (f 2 + d ) D
(A) x = , y=D (B) x = , y=
f1 + f 2 f1 + f 2 - d f1 + f 2

f1f 2 + d (f1 - d ) D ( f1 - d ) f1f 2 + d (f1 - d )

(C) x = , y= (D) x = , y=0 [1993, 2M]
f1 + f 2 - d f1 + f 2 - d f1 + f 2 - d

9. An isosceles prism of angle 120° has a refractive index 1.44. Two parallel rays of
monochromatic light enter the prism parallel to each other in air as shown. The rays
emerge from the opposite face

(A) are parallel to each other

(B) are diverging
(C) make an angle 2 [sin–1(0.72) – 30°] with each other
(D) make an angle 2 sin–1(0.72) with each other [1995, 2M]

10. A diminished image of an object is to be obtained on a screen 1 m from it. This can be achieved by
appropriate placing : [1995, 2M]
(A) a concave mirror of suitable focal length (B) a convex mirror of suitable focal length
(C) a convex lens of focal length less than 0.25 m (D) a convex lens of suitable focal length
11. A real image of a distant object is formed by a planoconvex lens on its principal axis. Spherical
aberration : [1998, 2M]
(A) is absent
(B) is smaller if the curved surface of the lens faces the object
(C) is smaller if the plane surface of the lens faces the object
(D) is the same whichever side of the lens faces the object
12. A concave mirror is placed on a horizontal table with its axis directed vertically upwards. Let O be the pole
of the mirror and C its centre of curvature. A point object is placed at C. It has a real image, also located at
C. If the mirror is now filled with water, the image will be : [1998, 2M]
(A) real and will remain at C (B) real and located at a point between C and ¥
(C) virtual and located at a point between C and O(D) real and located at a point between C and O
13. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R, separates air (refractive index 1.0) from glass (refractive index
1.5). The centre of curvature is in the glass. A point object P placed in air is found to have a real image Q
in the glass. The line PQ cuts the surface at a point O and PO = OQ. The distance PO is equal to :
[1998, 2M]
(A) 5R (B) 3R (C) 2R (D) 1.5R
14. A concave lens of glass, refractive index 1.5 has both surfaces of same radius of curvature R. On immersion
in a medium of refractive index 1.75, it will behave as a : [1999, 2M]
(A) convergent lens of focal length 3.5 R (B) convergent lens of focal length 3 R
(C) divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R (D) divergent lens of focal length 3 R
15. In a compound microscope, the intermediate image is : [2000, 2M]
(A) virtual, erect and magnified (B) real, erect and magnified
(C) real, inverted and magnified (D) virtual, erect and reduced
16. A hollow double concave lens is made of very thin transparent material. It can be filled with air or either of
two liquids L1 or L2 having refracting indices n1 and n2 respectively (n2 > n1 > 1). The lens will diverge a
parallel beam of light if it is filled with : [2000, 2M]
(A) air and placed in air (B) air and immersed in L1
(C) L1 and immersed in L2 (D) L2 and immersed in L1

17. A diverging beam of light from a point source S having divergence angle a falls
symmetrically on a glass slab as shown. The angles of incidence of the two
extreme rays are equal. If the thickness of the glass slab is t and its refractive
index is n, then the divergence angle of the emergent beam is :
[2000, 2M]

(A) zero (B) a (C) sin–1(1/n) (D) 2sin–1(1/n)

92
 PHYSICS
18. A point source of light B, placed at a distance L in front of the centre of a plane mirror
of width d, hangs vertically on a wall. A man walks in front of the mirror along a line
parallel to the mirror at a distance 2L from it as shown. The greatest distance over
which he can see the image of the light source in the mirror is

(A) d/2 (B) d

(C) 2d (D) 3d [2000, 2M]
19. A rectangular glass slab ABCD of refractive index n1 is immersed in water of
refractive index n2 (n1 > n2). A ray of light is incident at the surface AB of the
slab as shown. The maximum value of the angle of incidence amax, such that
the ray comes out only from the surface CD, is given by :

é n1 æ n öù é æ 1 öù
(A) sin ê
-1
cosçç sin -1 2 ÷÷ ú (B) sin ên 1 cosçç sin
-1 -1
÷ú
ën2 è n1 øû ë è n 2 ÷øû

-1 æ n 1 ö -1 æ n 2 ö
(C) sin çç ÷÷ (D) sin çç ÷÷ [2000, 2M]
è n2 ø è n1 ø

20. A ray of light passes through four transparent media with refractive indices m1, m2,
m3 and m4 as shown in the figure. The surfaces of all media are parallel. If the
emergent ray CD is parallel to the incident ray AB, we must have : [2001, 2M]

(A) m1 = m2 (B) m2 = m3 (C) m3 = m4 (D) m4 = m1

21. A given ray of light suffers minimum deviation in an equilateral prism P. Additional
prism Q and R of identical shape and of the same material as P are now added as
shown in the figure. The ray will suffer : [2001, 2M]

(A) greater deviation (B) no deviation

(C) same deviation as before (D) total internal reflection
22. An observer can see through a pin-hole the top end of a thin rod of height h,
placed as shown in the figure. The beaker height is 3h and its radius h. When
the beaker is filled with a liquid up to a height 2h, he can see the lower end of the
rod. Then the refractive index of the liquid is : [2002, 2M]

5 5 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
23. Which one of the following spherical lenses does not exhibit dispersion? The radii of curvature of the
surfaces of the lenses are as given in the diagrams : [2002, 2M]

(A) (B) (C) (D)

24. Two plane mirrors A and B are aligned parallel to each other, as shown in
the figure. A light ray is incident at an angle 30° at a point just inside one
end of A. The plane of incidence coincides with the plane of the figure. The
maximum number of times the ray undergoes reflections (including the
first one) before it emerges out is : [2002, 2M]

(A) 28 (B) 30 (C) 32 (D) 34

93
 PHYSICS
25. The size of the image of an object, which is at infinity, as formed by a convex lens of focal length 30 cm is
2 cm. If a concave lens of focal length 20 cm is placed between the convex lens and the image at a
distance of 26 cm from the convex lens, calculate the new size of the image :
(A) 1.25 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) 1.05 cm (D) 2 cm [2003, 2M]
26. A ray of light is incident at the glass-water interface at an angle i, it emerges
finally parallel to the surface of water, then the value of mg would be :

(A) (4/3) sin i (B) 1/sin i

(C) 4/3 (D) 1 [2003, 2M ]

27. White light is incident on the interface of glass and air as shown in the figure. If
green light is just totally internally reflected, then the emerging ray in air contains
[2004, 2M]

(A) yellow, orange, red (B) violet, indigo, blue

(C) all colours (D) all colours except green
28. A ray of light is incident on an equilateral glass prism placed on a horizontal table.
For minimum deviation, which of the following is true? [2004, 2M]

(A) PQ is horizontal (B) QR is horizontal

(C) RS is horizontal (D) Either PQ or RS is horizontal
29. A point object is placed at the centre of a glass sphere of radius 6 cm and refractive index 1.5. The distance
of the virtual image from the surface of the sphere is : [2004, 2M]
(A) 2 cm (B) 4 cm (C) 6 cm (D) 12 cm

30. A container is filled with water (m = 1.33) upto a height of 33.25 cm. A concave
mirror is placed 15 cm above the water level and the image of an object placed at
the bottom is formed 25 cm below the water level. The focal length of the mirror
is : [2004, 2M]

(A) 10 cm (B) 15 cm
(C) 20 cm (D) 25 cm
31. A convex lens is in contact with concave lens. The magnitude of the ratio of their focal length is 2/3. Their
equivalent focal length is 30 cm. What are their individual focal lengths? [2005, 2M]
(A) –75, 50 (B) –10, 15 (C) 75, 50 (D) –15, 10

32. Focal length of the plano-convex lens is 15 cm. The object is at A as shown in the
figure. The plane side is silvered. The image is [2006, 3M]

(A) 60 cm to the left of lens (B) 12 cm to the left of lens A

(C) 60 cm to the right of lens (D) 30 cm to the left of lens 20 cm
33. Light from Sun falls on a biconvex lens of focal length f and the circular image of radius r is formed on the
focal plane of the lens. Then which of the following statement is correct? [2006, 3M]
(A) Area of image is pr2 and area is directly proportional to f
(B) Area of image is pr2 and area is directly proportional to f2
(C) Intensity of image increases if f is increased.
(D) If lower half of the lens is covered with black paper, area will become half.
34. In an experiment to determine the focal length (f) of a concave mirror by the u-v method, a student places
the object pin A on the principal axis at a distance x from the pole P. The student looks at the pin and its
inverted image from a distance keeping his/her eye in line with PA. When the student shifts his/her eye
towards left, the image appears to the right of the object pin. Then, [2007, 3M]
(A) x < f (B) f < x < 2f (C) x = 2f (D) x > 2f

94
 PHYSICS
35. A ray of light travelling in water is incident on its surface open to air. The angle of incidence is q, which is
less than the critical angle. Then there will be [2007, 3M]
(A) only a reflected ray and no refracted ray
(B) only a refracted ray and no reflected ray
(C) a reflected ray & a refracted ray and the Ð between them would be less than 180º – 2q
(D) a reflected ray & a refracted ray and the Ð between them would be greater than 180º – 2q
36. Two beams of red and violet colours are made to pass separately through a prism (angle of the prism
is 60º). In the position of minimum deviation, the angle of refraction will be [2008, IIT]
(A) 30º for both the colours (B) greater for the violet colour
(C) greater for the red colour (D) equal but not 30º for both the colours
37. A light beam is traveling from Region I to Region IV (Refer figure). The refractive index in Regions I, II,
n0 n0 n0
III and IV are n0, , and , respectively. The angle of incidence q for which the beam just
2 6 8
misses entering Region IV is [2008, IIT]
Figure

Region I Region II Region III Region IV

n0 n0 n0
n0 q
2 6 8

0 0.2m 0.6m

-1 æ 3 ö -1 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö
(A) sin ç ÷ (B) sin ç ÷ (C) sin ç ÷ (D) sin ç ÷
è4ø è8ø è4ø è3ø
Multiple Correct Answer Type

38. A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is covered by an
opaque screen : [1986, 2M]
(A) half of the image will disappear (B) complete image will be formed
(C) intensity of the image will increase (D) intensity of the image will decrease
39. A planet is observed by an astronomical refracting telescope having an objective of focal length 16 m and
an eye piece of focal length 2 cm : [1992, 2M]
(A) the distance between the objective and the eye piece is 16.02 m
(B) the angular magnification of the planet is –800
(C) the image of the plane is inverted
(D) the objective is larger than the eye piece
40. Which of the following form(s) a virtual and erect image for all positions of the object? [1996, 2M]
(A) Convex lens (B) Concave lens (C) Convex mirror (D) Concave mirror
41. A ray of light travelling in a transparent medium falls on a surface separating the medium from air at an
angle of incident 45°. The ray undergoes total internal reflection. If n is the refractive index of the medium
with respect to air, select the possible value (s) of n from the following : [1998, 2M]
(A) 1.3 (B) 1.4 (C) 1.5 (D) 1.6
REASONING TYPE
42. STATEMENT - 1
The formula connecting u, v and f for a spherical mirror is valid only for mirrors whose sizes are very small
compared to their radii of curvature. [2007, 3M]
because
STATEMENT - 2
Laws of reflection are strictly valid for plane surface, but not for large spherical surfaces.
(A) Statement- 1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement -1
(B) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement -2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement - 1
(C) Statement - 1 is True, Statement- 2 is False
(D) Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is True

95
 PHYSICS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
43. A light wave of frequency 5 × 1014 Hz enters a medium of refractive index 1.5. In the medium the velocity of
the light wave is .................. and its wavelength is .................... [1983, 2M]
44. A convex lens A of focal length 20 cm and a concave lens B of focal length 5 cm are kept along the same
axis with a distance d between them. If a parallel beam of light falling on A leaves B are parallel beam, then
d is equal to ......... cm. [1985, 2M]
45. A monochromatic beam of light of wavelength 6000Å in vacuum enters a medium of refractive index 1.5. In
the medium its wavelength is ............., its frequency is ................. [1985, 2M]
46. A thin lens of refractive index 1.5 has a focal length of 15 cm in air. When the lens is placed in a medium of
refractive index 4/3, its focal length will become ............. cm. [1987, 2M]

47. A slab of material of refractive index 2 shown in figure has a curved surface
APB of radius of curvature 10 cm and a plane surface CD. On the left of APB
is air and on the right of CD is water with refractive indices as given in the
figure. An object O is placed at a distance of 15 cm from the pole P as shown.
The distance of the final image of O from P, as viewed from the left is
...................... [1991, 2M]

48. A thin rod of length f/3 is placed along the optic axis of a concave mirror of focal length f such that its image
which is real and elongated, just touches the rod. The magnification is ........... [1991, 1M]
49. A ray of light undergoes deviation of 30° when incident on an equilateral prism of refractive index 2. The
angle made by the ray inside the prism with the base of the prism is ................ [1992, 1M]
50. The resolving power of electron microscope is higher that of an optical microscope because the wavelength
of electrons is .............. than the wavelength of visible light. [1992, 1M]
51. If e0 and m0 are, respectively, the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space, e and m the
corresponding quantities in a medium, the index of refraction of the medium in terms of the above parameters
is .......................... [1992, 1M]

52. A light of wavelength 6000Å in air, enters a medium with refractive index 1.5. Inside the medium its frequency
is ................. Hz and its wavelength is .................Å. [1997, 2M]
53. Two thin lenses, when in contact, produce a combination of power +10 diopters. When they are 0.25 m
apart, the power reduces to +6 diopters. The focal length of the lenses are .........m and ..............m.
[1997, 2M]

54. A ray of light is incident normally on one of the faces of a prism of apex angle 30° and refractive index 2.
The angle of deviation of the ray is ........................ degrees. [1997, 2M]
TRUE/FALSE
55. The intensity of light at a distance r from the axis of a long cylindrical source is inversely proportional to r.
[1981, 2M]

56. A convex lens of focal length 1 m and a concave lens of focal length 0.25 m are kept 0.75 m apart. A parallel
beam of light first passes through the convex lens, then through the concave lens and comes to a focus 0.5
m away from the concave lens. [1983, 2M]

57. A beam of white light passing through a hollow prism given no spectrum. [1993, 2M]
58. A parallel beam of white light falls on a combination of a concave and a convex lens, both of the same
material. Their focal lengths are 15 cm and 30 cm respectively for the mean wavelength in white light. On
the same side of the lens system, one sees coloured patterns with violet colour nearer to the lens.
[1988, 2M]
MATRIX MATCH TYPE
59. Column 1 Column 2 [2006, 6M]
(a) Angular magnification (P) Dispersion of lenses
(b) Sharpness of the image (Q) f0 and fe
(c) Light gathering power (R) Aperture of lenses
(d) Length of telescope (S) Spherical aberration

96
 PHYSICS
60. An optical component and an object S placed along its optic axis are given in Column I . The
distance between the object and the component can be varied. The properties of images are given in
Column II. Match all the properties of images from Column II with the appropriate components
given in Column I. Indicate your answer by darkening the appropriate bubbles of the 4 × 4 matrix
given in the ORS. [2008, IIT]
Column I Column II

S
(A) (p) Real image

S
(B) (q) Virtual image

S
(C) (r) Magnified image

S
(D) (s) Image at infinity

61. Two transparent media of refractive indices m1 and m3 have a solid lens shaped transparent material of
refractive index m2 between them as shown in figure in column-II. A ray traversing these media is also
shown in the figure. In column-I different relationships between m1, m2 and m3 are given. Match them to they
diagrams shown in column-II.
Column-I Column-II

m3 m2 m1
(A) m1 < m2 (p)

(B) m1 > m2 (q) m3 m2 m1

(C) m2 = m3 (r) m3 m2 m1

(D) m2 > m3 (s)

m3 m2 m1

(t) m3 m2 m1

97
 PHYSICS
62. The focal length of a thin biconvex lens is 20cm. When an object is moved from a distance of 25cm in front
m 25
of it to 50cm, the magnitficaiton of its image charges from m25 to m50. The ratio
m 50 is [2010]

63. A biconvex lens of focal length 15cm is in front of a plane mirror. The distance between the lens and the
mirror is 10cm. A small object is kept at a distance of 30cm from the lens. The final image is
(A) virtual and at a distance of 16cm from the mirror [2010]
(B) real and at a distance of 16cm from the mirror
(C) virtual and at a distance of 20cm from the mirror
(D) real and at a distance of 20cm from the mirror
64. A ray OP of monochromatic light is incident on the face AB of prism ABCD near vertex B at an incident
angle of 60º (see figure) If the refractive index of the material of the prism is 3 , which of the following
is (are) correct ? [2010] B
O
(A) the ray gets totally internally reflected at face CD 60º
C
(B) the ray comes out through face AD P 135º
(C) the angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is 90º
(D) the angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is 120º 90º 75º
A D
65. A light ray traveling in glass medium is incident on glass-air interface at an angle of incidence q. The
reflected (R) and transmitted (T) intensities, both as function of q, are plotted. The correct sketch is[2011]

100º 100º 100º 100º

T T T
intensity

intensity
intensity

intensity

(A) (B) (C) (D)

R R R R
0 q 90º 0 q 90º 0 q 90º 0 q 90º
66. A bi-convex lens is formed with two thin plano-convex lenses as shown in the figure. Refractive
index n of the first lens is 1.5 and that of the second lens is 1.2. Both the curved surfaces are
of the same radius of curvature R = 14cm. For this bi-convex lens, for an object distance of 40cm,
the image distance will be [2012]

n=1.5 n=1.2

R=14cm
(A) –280.0cm (B) 40.0cm (C) 21.5cm (D) 13.3cm

67. A ray of light travelling in the direction

1 ˆ
2
( )
i + 3jˆ is incident on a plane mirror. After reflection, it travels

along the direction

2
(
1 ˆ
)
i - 3jˆ . The angle of incidence is [JEE-Advanced-2013]
(A) 30° (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 75°

68. The image of an object, formed by a plano-convex lens at a distance of 8m behind the lens, is real and is
2
one-third the size of the object. The wavelength of light inside the lens is times the wavelength in free
3
space. The radius of the curved surface of the lens is [JEE-Advanced-2013]
(A) 1 m (B) 2 m (C) 3 m (D) 6 m

98
 PHYSICS
69. A right angles prism of refractive index m1 is placed in a rectangular block of refractive index m2, which is
surrounded by a medium of refractive index m3, as shown in the figure. A ray of light 'e' enters the
rectangular block at normal incidence. Depending upon the relationships between m1, m2 and m3 it takes
one of the four possible paths 'ef', 'eg' 'eh' or 'ei'. [JEE-Advanced-2013]

Match the paths in List I with conditions of refractive indices in List II and select the corret answer using the
codes given below the lists :
List I List II

P. e®f 1. m1 > 2 m2
Q. e®g 2. m2 > m1 and m2 > m3
R. e®h 3. m1 = m2
S. e®i 4. m2 < m1 < 2 m2 and m2 > m3
Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 2 3 1 4
(B) 1 2 4 3
(C) 4 1 2 3
(D) 2 3 4 1

99
 PHYSICS

EXERCISE 10
(SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS) IIT-JEE SUBJECTIVE
1. The convex surface of a thin concavo-convex lens of glass of refractive index 1.5 has a radius of curvature
20 cm. The concave surface has a radius of curvature 60 cm. The convex side is silvered and placed on a
horizontal surface. [1981, 2M]
(i) Where should a pin be placed on the optic axis such that its image is formed at
the same place?
(ii) If the concave part is filled with water of refractive index 4/3, find the distance
through which the pin should be moved, so that the image of the pin again coincides
with the pin.

2. A plano-convex lens has a thickness of 4 cm. When placed on a horizontal table, with the curved surface
in contact with it, the apparent depth of the bottom most point of the lens is found to be 3 cm. If the lens is
inverted such that the plane face is in contact with the table, the apparent depth of the centre of the plane
face is found to be 25/8 cm. Find the focal length of the lens. Assume thickness to be negligible while
finding its focal length. [1984, 6M]

3. Monochromatic light is incident on a plane interface AB between two media of

refractive indices n1 and n2 (n2 > n1) at an angle of incidence q as shown in the
figure. The angle q is infinitesimally greater than the critical angle for the two
media so that total internal reflection takes place. Now if a transparent slab DEFG
of uniform thickness and of refractive index n3 is introduced on the interface (as
shown in the figure), show that for any value of n3 all light will ultimately be reflected
back again into medium II. Consider separately the cases :
(i) n3 < n1 and (ii) n3 > n1. [1986, 6M]

4. A right prism is to be made by selecting a proper material and the angle A and B
( B £ A ) , as shown in figure. It is desired that a ray of light incident on the face
AB emerges parallel to the incident direction after two internal reflections.
[1987, 7M]
(i) What should be the minimum refractive index n for this to be possible?
(ii) For n = 5/3 is it possible to achieve this with the angle B equal to 30 degrees?

5. A parallel beam of light travelling in water (refractive index = 4/3) is refracted by a spherical air bubble of
radius 2 mm situated in water. Assuming the light rays to be paraxial. [1988, 6M]
(i) Find the position of the image due to refraction at the first surface and the position of the final image.
(ii) Draw a ray diagram showing the positions of both the images.
6. Two parallel beams of light P and Q (separation d) containing radiations
of wavelengths 4000Å and 5000Å (which are mutually coherent in
each wavelength separately) are incident normally on a prism as shown
in figure. The refractive index of the prism as a function of wavelength
b
is given by the relation, m(l) = 1.20 + where l is in Å and b is
l2
positive constant. The value of b is such that the condition for total
reflection at the face AC is just satisfied for one wavelength and is not
satisfied for the other [1991, 2+2+4M]
(a) Find the value of b.
(b) Find the deviation of the beams transmitted through the face AC.

100
 PHYSICS

7. Light is incident at an angle a on one planar end of transparent cylindrical rod of refractive index n.
Determine the least value of n so that the light entering the rod does not emerge from the curved surface of
the rod irrespective to the value of a. [1992, 8M]

8. An image Y is formed of point object X by a lens whose optic axis is AB as shown

in figure. Draw a ray diagram to locate the lens and its focus. If the image Y of the
object X is formed by a concave mirror (having the same optic axis as AB) instead
of lens, draw another ray diagram to locate the mirror and its focus. Write down the
steps of construction of the ray diagrams. [1994, 6M]

9. A ray of light travelling in air is incident at grazing angle (incident angle = 90°)
on a long rectangular slab of a transparent medium of thickness t = 1.0 m. The
point of incidence is the origin A(0, 0). The medium has a variable index of
refraction n(y) given by n ( y) = [ky 3 / 2 + 1]1/ 2 where k = 1.0 (meter)–3/2. The
refractive index of air is 1.0. [1995, 10M]

The refractive index of air is 1.0.

(a) Obtain a relation between the slope of the trajectory of the ray at a point B(x, y) in the medium and the
incident angle at the point.
(b) Obtain an equation for the trajectory y(x) of the ray in the medium.
(c) Determine the co-ordinates (x1, y1) of the point P, where the ray intersects the upper surface of the slab-
air boundary.
(d) Indicate the path of the ray subsequently.

10. A right angle prism (45°-90°-45°) of refractive index n has a plane of refractive
index n1(n1 < n) cemented to its diagonal face. The assembly is in air. The ray is
incident on AB. [1996, 3M]

(i) Calculate the angle of incidence at AB for which the ray strikes the diagonal
face at the critical angle.
(ii) Assuming n = 1.352, calculate the angle of incidence at AB for which the
refracted ray passes through the diagonal face undeviated.

11. A thin plano-convex lens of focal length f is split into two halves. One of the halves is
shifted along the optical axis. The separation between object and image planes is
1.8m. The magnification of the image formed by one of the half lens is 2. Find the
focal length of the lens and separation between the halves. Draw the ray diagram for
image formation. [1996, 5M]

12. A thin equiconvex lens of glass of refractive index m = 3/2 and of focal length 0.3
m in air is sealed into an opening at one end of a tank filled with water m = 4/3. On
the opposite side of the lens, a mirror is placed inside the tank on the tank wall
perpendicular to the lens axis, as shown in figure. The separation between the
lens and the mirror is 0.8 m. A small object is placed outside the tank in front of
the lens at a distance of 0.9 m from the lens along its axis. Find the position
(relative to the lens) of the image of the object formed by the system. [1997C, 5M]

13. A prism of refractive index n1 and another prism of refractive index n2 are stuck
together with a gap as shown in the figure. The angles of the prism are as
shown. n1 and n2 depend on l, the wavelength of light according to :
10.8 ´104
n1 = 1.20 + ,
l2

101
 PHYSICS

1.80 ´104
n2 = 145 + and where l is in nm
l2
(a) Calculate the wavelength l0 for which rays incident at any angle on the
interface BC pass through without bending at that interface.
(b) For light of wavelength l0, find the angle of incidence i on the face AC such that the deviation produced
by the combination of prisms is minimum. [1998, 8M]

14. The x-y plane is the boundary between two transparent media. Medium-1 with z ³ 0 has a refractive index
2 and medium-2 with z £ 0 has a refractive index 3 . A ray of light in medium-1 given by vector
r
A = 6 3 î + 8 3 ˆj - 10 k̂ is incident on the plane of separation. Find the unit vector in the direction of
the separation. Find the unit vector in the direction of the refracted ray in medium-2. [1999, 10M]

15. A quarter cylinder of radius R and refractive index 1.5 is placed on a

table. A point object P is kept at a distance of mR from it. Find the value
of m for which a ray from P will emerge parallel to the table as shown in
figure. [1999, 5M]

16. A convex lens of focal length 15 cm and a concave mirror of focal length 30 cm are kept with their optic axis
PQ and RS parallel but separated in vertical direction by 0.6 cm as shown. The distance
between the lens and mirror is 30 cm. An upright object AB of height
1.2 cm is placed on the optic axis PQ of the lens at a distance of 20
cm from the lens. If A¢B¢ is the image after refraction from the lens
and the reflection from the mirror, find the distance of A¢B¢ from the
pole of the mirror and obtain its magnification. Also locate positions of
A¢ and B¢ with respect to the optic axis RS. [2000, 6M]

17. The refractive indices of the crown glass for blue and red light are 1.51 and 1.49 respectively and those of
the flint glass are 1.77 and 1.73 respectively. An isosceles prism of angle 6° is made of crown glass. A
beam of white light is incident at a small angle on this prism. The other flint glass isosceles prism is
combined with the crown glass prism such that there is no deviation of the incident light. [2001, 5M]
(i) Determine the angle of the flint glass prism.
(ii) Calculate the net dispersion of the combined system.
18. A thin biconvex lens of refractive index 3/2 is placed on a horizontal plane mirror as shown in the figure. The
space between the lens and the mirror is then filled with water of refractive index 4/3. It is found
that when a point object is placed 15 cm above the lens on its principal
axis, the object coincides with its own image. On repeating with another
liquid, the object and the image again coincide at a distance 25 cm from
the lens. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid. [2001, 5M]

19. In the figure, light is incident on the thin lens as shown. The radius of curvature
for both the surface is R. Determine the focal length of this system.
[2003, 2M]

20. A prism of refracting angle 30° is coated with a thin film of transparent material of
refractive index 2.2 on face AC of the prism. A light of wavelength 6600Å is incident on
face AB such that angle of incidence is 60°. Find the angle of emergence
[2003, 4M]

102
 PHYSICS

21. Figure shows an irregular block of material of refractive index 2 . A ray of

light strikes the face AB as shown in the figure. After refraction it is incident
on a spherical surface CD of radius of curvature 0.4 m and enters a medium
of refractive index 1.514 to meet PQ at E. Find the distance OE upto two
places of decimal [2004, 2M]

22. An object is approaching a thin convex lens of focal length 0.3 m with a speed of 0.01 m/s. Find the
magnitude of the rates of change of position and lateral magnification of image when the object is at a
distance of 0.4 m from the lens. [2004, 4M]

23. AB and CD are two slabs. The medium between the slabs has refractive
index 2. Find the minimum angle of incidence of Q, so that the ray is
totally reflected by both the slabs. [2005, 2M]

24. A ray of light is incident on a prism ABC of refractive index 3 as shown in

figure.

(a) Find the angle of incidence for which the deviation of light ray by the prism
ABC is minimum.
(b) By what angle the second prism must be rotated, so that the final ray
suffer net minimum deviation ? [2005, 4M]

103
 PHYSICS

EXERCISE 11
INTEGER TYPE QUESTION

1. A concave mirror of focal length 20 cm is cut into two parts from the
middle and the two parts are moved perpendicularly by a distance 1
cm from the previous principal axis AB. Find the distance between the
images formed by the two parts? (in cm)

2. A balloon is rising up along the axis of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 m. A ball is dropped
from the balloon at a height 15 m from the mirror when the balloon has velocity 20 m/s. Find the speed
of the image of the ball formed by concave mirror after 4 seconds? (answer in multiple of 10) [Take :
g=10 m/s2]

3. A ray of light falls on a transparent sphere with centre at C as shown in

figure. The ray emerges from the sphere parallel to line AB. Find the
refractive index of the sphere is n . Find the value of n.

4. An equilateral prism deviates a ray through 23° for two angles of incidence differing by 23°. If m of the
43
prism is . Find the value of N.
N

5. A thief is running away in a car with velocity of 20 m/s. A police jeep is following him, which is sighted
by thief in his rear view mirror which is a convex mirror of focal length 10 m. He observes that the
image of jeep is moving towards him with a velocity of 1 cm/s. If the magnification of the mirror for the
jeep at that time is 1/10. Find rate (per second) at which magnification is changing. Assume that police
jeep is on axis of the mirror. (answer in multiple of 10–1)

6. A surveyor on one bank of canal observed the image of the 4 inch and 17 ft marks on a vertical staff,
which is partially immersed in the water and held against the bank directly opposite to him, coincides.
If the 17ft mark and the surveyor’s eye are both 6ft above the water level, estimate the width of the
canal, assuming that the refractive index of the water is 4/3. (in the multiple of 2 feet)

7. A ray of light travelling in air is incident at grazing angle (incidence angle = 90°) on a medium whose
refractive index depends on the depth of the medium. The trajectory of the light in the medium is a
parabola, y = 2x2. Find, at a depth of 1 m in the medium, the refractive index of the medium.

104
 PHYSICS

8. The refractive indices of the crown glass for violet and red lights are 1.51 and 1.49 respectively and
those of the flint glass are 1.77 and 1.73 respectively. A prism of angle 6° is made of crown glass. A
beam of white light is incident at a small angle on this prism. The other thin flint glass prism is combined
with the crown glass prism such that the net mean deviation is 1.5° anticlockwise. Determine the angle
(in degree) of the flint glass prism.

9. A plane mirror 50 cm long , is hung parallel to a vertical wall of a room, with its lower edge 50 cm
above the ground. A man stands infront of the mirror at a distance 2 m away from the mirror. If his eyes
are at a height 1.8 m above the ground, find the length of the floor between him & the mirror, visible to
him reflected from the mirror. (nearest integer value)

10. In figure shown AB is a plane mirror of length 40cm placed at a height 40cm from ground. There is a
light source S at a point on the ground. Find the minimum height of a man (eye height) required to see
the image of the source if he is standing at a point A on ground shown in figure. (in the muliple of 20cm)

105
 PHYSICS

PP- ANSWER KEY

PP-1

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A

7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C

PP-2

1. CD 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A

7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B

PP-3

1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B

7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D

PP-4

1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. ABC 6. D

7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A

PP-5

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B

7. C 8. A 9. A 10. C

PP-6

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A

7. A 8. A 9. C 10. C

PP-7

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C

7. D 8. A

106
 PHYSICS

PP-8

1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A

7. B 8. A 9. BC 10. B 11. B 12. C

13. D

PP-9

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C

7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A

PP-10

1. A 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C

7. A 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. C

PP-11

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B

6. D 7. B

PP-12

1. C 2. AB 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. C

7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C

PP-13

1. A 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C

7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C

PP-14

1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. D

7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C

107
 PHYSICS

ANSWER SHEET
Exercise - 02

1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D

6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A
11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
16. C 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. B
21. D 22. A 23. B

Exercise - 03

1. 200° ACW, 160° CW 2. 2p/15 m/s

3. 11.5 cm 4. 0.125 M

5. 34 m/s 6. 10.5 cm, 21 cm

7. 61.25 cm 8. 36 cm, 16 cm

9. 95 cms –1 towards left 10. 6.6 cm

10 23
11. h= cm 12. 0.688 cm
23 - 3

48 4
13. (a) cm (b) cm 14. About 3.1 D
23 3

15. F = 60, u = 90, v = 180 16. 20 cm, 1 m, 4, 24 cm

17. 9 cm 18. 11 cm
19. 55 cm 20. virtual, 6 mm from the surface of the bubble on water side
21. 38° = dm = 2 sin (3/4) –60
–1

Exercise - 04
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A

6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A

11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C

16. B 17. A 18. D 19. D 20. B
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. C
26. B 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. A

108
 PHYSICS

Exercise - 05
R2 V é R2 ù
(b) V ê1 - ú
1. (a)
[2 (d - Vt ) - R] 2
êë [2(Vt - d) - R]2 úû
2. 100 cm, 21.43 cm

a
3. R = 0.40 m 4. a3 = 5. 30 cm
41

æ 2m ö
6. 80 m/s 7. ç1 + ÷v 8. 0.625 cm
è M ø

b 1 - m 2 cos 2 q
10. nA = n02 2
+ sin a 11. 12. On the object itself
sin q
13. 36 cm from the surface of water 14. 0.1 m, 0.1 ± 0.086 m, 0.3155 m

mR 2 gt
2
é æ 1 2ö ù
ê(m - 1)ç h - gt ÷ - R ú
15. At a distance b from the sphere on the opposite side. 16.
ë è 2 ø û

17. 6.25 cm 18. m = 4/3, R = 25 cm. 19. 200 cm, with respect to lens

R
20. 2 [mn + m - 1] 21. 130 22. Infinity

23. 20/13 = 1.538 24. 1 cm 25. 8

26. d = 5.0 m, x co-ordinate of final image = 4.0 m 27. 12 mm

28. m> 2 29. 1.732 31. 7/3

43 8
32. 33. 1.95 34. m=
5 5 2

Exercise - 06
1. A,B,C,D 2. B,C 3. B,C 4. A
5. A,C,D 6. B,C 7. A,C 8. A,C
9. A,C,D 10. B,D 11. B,C,D 12. A,C

13. B,C,D 14. A,D 15. B,D 16. B,C,D

17. B,D 18. A,B,D 19. B,C 20. A
21. A, C 22. A 23. B 24. A

25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D

29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C
33. D 34. A 35. A 36. B

37. C 38. D 39. D 40. B

41. A 42. B 43. D 44. A

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45. B 46. B 47. A 48. A

49. A 50. D 51. C 52. A
53. A 54. B 55. C 56. D
57. A 58. D 59. B 60. B
61. B 62. B 63. A 64. B
65. A 66. C 67. B

68. A - r,s, B - r, C - r, D - r, s 69. A - q, B - q, C - r, D - s

70. A - s, B - q, C - p, D - q 71. A - r, B - s, C - q, D - p

72. A - s, B - p, C - s, D - p 73. A - s, B - p, C - q, D - r
74. A-p, B-r, c-q, D-s 75. A - s, B - q, C - r, D - p, r
76. A - q, B - p, C - r, D - s 77. A - p, b - r, c - q, d - s
78. A - q, r, B - r, C - p, D - q 79. A - q, B - q, C - p, D - s
80. A - p,q,r; B - p,q,s; C - p,q,r,s; D - p,q,r,s 81. A - p, s, B - q, r, C - q,D - q, r

Exercise - 08
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. B
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. C

Exercise - 09
1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A

5. D 6. A 7. C 8. C
9. C 10. C 11. B 12. D
13. A 14. A 15. C 16. D
17. B 18. D 19. A 20. D

21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B

25. B 26. B 27. A 28. B
29. C 30. C 31. D 32. B

33. B 34. B 35. C 36. A

37. B 38. B, D 39. A, B, C, D 40. B, C

41. C, D 42. C
Fill in the blanks
43. 2 × 108 m/s, 4 × 10–7 m 44. 15 45. 4000Å, 5 × 1014 Hz 46. 60
47. 30 cm to the right of P. Image will be virtual 48. –1.5 49. zero 50. smaller

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 PHYSICS

em
51. 52. 5 / 1014, 4000 53. 0.125, 0.5 54. 15°
e 0m 0

True/False

55. T 56. F 57. T 58. T

59. (a)-(Q), (b)-(P, S), (c)-(R), (d)-(Q) 60. A - p, q, r, s B-q C - p, q, r, s D - p, q, r, s

61. A-pr, B-qst, C-prt, D-qs 62. 6 63. B 64. ABC
65. D 66. B 67. A 68. A 69. D

Exercise - 10
1. (i) 15 cm, (ii) 13.84 cm 2. 75 cm 4. (i) 2 , (ii) No 5. (i) – 6 mm, – 5mm

6. (a) b = 8 × 105 (Å)2, (b) d4000Å = 37°, d5000Å = 27.13

7. 2 9. (a) slope = cot i, (b) 4y1/4 = x, (c) (4m, 1m)

é 1 ù
10. (i) i1 = sin–1 ê ( n 2 - n12 - n1 ú (ii) 73º 11. 0.4m, 0.6m
ë 2 û

12. 0.9 m from the lens (rightwards) or 0.1 m behind the mirror
1
13. (a) 600 nm, (b) sin–1(3/4) 14. (3î + 4 ĵ - 5k̂ ) 15. 4/3 16. 15 cm, –3/2
5 2
m 3R
17. (i) 4°, (ii) –0.04° 18.1.6 19. m - m 20. (a) zero
3 1

21. 6.06 m 22. 0.09 m/s, 0.3 per second 23. 60° 24. (a) 60°, (b) 60°

Exercise - 11
Q.1 2 Q.2 8 Q.3 3 Q.4 5
Q.5 1 Q.6 8 Q.7 3 Q.8 2
Q.9 1 Q.10 8

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