MUHAMMAD RAHIMAN BIN ABDULMANAB

WIF180046

FUNDAMENTALS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

TUTORIAL 1:

1. Define in your own word the following terms:

(a) Agent – anything that can be viewed as perceiving the environment using sensors and acts upon
the environment via actuators.
(b) Agent function – a function that maps any given percept sequence to an action.
(c) Rationality – action of agents on doing the right thing (expected action) based on what it can
perceive and actions it can perform.
(d) Autonomy – behavior of agents is determined by its own experience with its ability to learn
and adapt to its environment.
(e) Reflex agent – agent in which its actions do not depend on percept history but based on current
history (episodic)
(f) Model-based agent – agent that maintains some sort of internal state that depend on percept
history (sequential)
(g) Goal-based agent – agent that uses some sort of goal information that describes desirable
situations.
(h) Utility-based agent – agent that uses utility function that maps a state or sequence of states onto
a real number which describes the associated degree of information.
(i) Learning agent – agent in which behavior will continue to improve over time based on its
experience.

2. Both the performance measure and the utility function measure how well an agent is doing.
Explain the difference between the two.

The difference between performance measure and utility function is that performance measure
is used by an outside observer to evaluate how successful an agent is. It is a function from
histories to a real number.

A utility function is used by an agent itself to evaluate how desirable states or histories are. In
our framework, the utility function may not be the same as the performance measure;
furthermore, an agent may have no explicit utility function at all, whereas there is always a
performance measure.
 3. For each of the following agents, develop a PEAS description of the task environment:

(a) Robot soccer-player

(b) Internet book-shopping agent
(c) Autonomous Mars rover
(d) Mathematician’s theorem-proving assistant

Agent Type Performance Environment Actuators Sensors

Measure

Winning games, Field, ball, Devices for Camera, touch

speed, agility, own team, locomotion and sensors,
Robot soccer-
strategy opponents, kicking (e.g: legs), accelerometers,
player
weather accelerator, brake, orientation
steering sensors

Internet book- Obtain requested Internet Enter data/personal Web pages, user
shopping agent book, minimize details, clicking requests
expenditure and cost, links
time

Autonomous Amount of samples Rough Martian Wheels/rollers/legs, Camera, touch

Mars rover gathered and terrain, sample collection sensors,
analysed, terrain weather, Sun device, analysis accelerometers,
exploration, quality exposure tools, radio orientation
of data transferred transmitter sensors, radio
receiver

Mathematician’s Good mathematical Internet, Display Keyboard,

theorem-proving knowledge, proof library camera
assistant quality, time to solve
theorems/conjectures