VOLUME-1, ISSUE-1, DEC-2015, E-ISSN:2455-5878

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH FOR SCIENCE AND COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING

Speed Control of DC Motor using GSM Technology

Vishal Hanchinal
Student, MTech, VLSI Design and Embedded System, KLE’s Dr. MS Sheshgiri College of Engineering and
Technology, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
vishal.hanchinal@gmail.com

ABSTRACT monitoring the speed control system of the DC motor. In

earlier days, the mechanical switches were used to control the
In most of the industrial applications, the DC motor is often
electrical appliances which were operated manually. In such
found to be the most important equipment. For better
conditions, while operating the mechanical switches, person
operation, speed of motor should be monitored and controlled
may feel shock and while switching on or off spark may take
effectively. Sometimes, it is required to control the speed of
place. This may cause damage to the appliances. In some
DC motor manually. The wired connection to the DC motor
places, the wired connection to the DC motor for the speed
for the speed control may not be possible in some places. So,
control may not be possible. So, wireless control has to be
wireless control has to be achieved in such cases. The GSM
achieved in such cases. The improved version of wireless
(Global System for Mobile communication) technology is a
technologies such as remote control, Bluetooth and touch
very good method to implement a wireless speed control
screen is used to control the electrical appliances and these
system for the DC motor. The GSM technology has many
technologies are not flexible.
advantages over other wireless control methods like Bluetooth,
The Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is a
Infrared and radio remote control methods etc. This paper
wide area wireless communication system. The voice, data and
presents the implementation of speed control and monitoring
multimedia communication services can be provided by using
system for a DC motor through GSM technology. The
digital radio transmission system. In these days, the growing
implementation of this system is done using a SIM 300 GSM
GSM technology has found many applications in various
modem with AT89C52 microcontroller. The software
fields. Under certain operating conditions, the GSM
implementation is done by Topview Simulator using C-
technology provides the best way of monitoring and
language.
controlling the speed of DC motor. The main advantage of
Keywords— Microcontroller, PWM, GSM technology, DC using GSM technology is that it is possible to control the
motor, 555 timer speed of the DC motor from any place around the world
provided the GSM network should be supported.
1. INTRODUCTION:
The microcontrollers are the main controllers in all the
The growth of science and technology has increased its embedded applications. Microcontrollers are used in
applications in various fields. The DC motors with enhanced automatically controlled products and devices in the fields
performance are most widely required in most of the industrial such as automobile industry, medical electronics, automation
applications. Some of the applications include elevators, and power industry etc.
Electric trains, heavy metal rolling mills, automobiles, robots,
machine tools, cranes, textile mills, printing presses etc. With
advent in machinery there is more and more demand on power
and accuracy in speed control of motors. Furthermore many
applications demand remote speed monitoring and control [1].
With vast variety of applications, the speed control of the dc
motor is of great importance. There is also a need for

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH FOR SCIENCE AND COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING

Fig- 2: GSM network

Fig-1: Simple Block Diagram
A GSM modem is a wireless modem that sends and receives
The simple block diagram of the total speed control system is
the data through radio waves. Like a mobile phone, it also
as shown in the figure-1. The entire system is powered by
requires a SIM card to operate. The SMS received by GSM
regulated power supply. Initially, the GSM modem receives
Modem is sent to microcontroller and the MAX 232 is used to
the short message service (SMS) message sent by the
convert the data in a form that is readable by microcontroller.
operator’s mobile phone. This is sent to microcontroller which
Here, the microcontroller uses AT commands to control the
chooses necessary operations to be performed according to the
modem [3]. There is no need to design any extra equipment
commands written in SMS and sends the control signals to the
for networking due to GSM technology. The GSM itself is a
motor through motor driver using PWM.
system and is available around the world. The only need is to
design the modem which can be used as receiver and
2. GSM TECHNOLOGY:
transmitter [4].
Global system for Mobile communication is a wide area
mobile communication system that uses digital radio 3. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION:
transmission to provide voice, data and multimedia
Pulse width modulation is a simple and most widely used
communication services. A GSM system coordinates the
method to have a control over speed of the DC motor. It is
communication between mobile telephone (mobile station),
necessary to understand the working of DC motor.
base stations (cell sites) and switching systems [2]. The GSM
The DC motor has two main parts namely Stator and Rotor.
network can be divided into four main parts as – Mobile
The rotating or moving part is called rotor and the non-rotating
station (MS), Base station subsystem (BSS), Network and
part constitute the stator. The main component of rotor is
switching subsystem (NSS), Operation and support subsystem
armature windings. Hence, sometimes it is also referred to as
(OSS). The mobile station includes mobile phones with SIM
armature. In general the non-rotating stator consists of two
which makes the equipment to access the services. The base
fixed permanent magnets. These magnets produce the static
station subsystem connects mobile station and the NSS. It is in
magnetic flux. The armature of motor consists of armature
charge of transmission and reception. The radio towers are the
conductors which form coils. Here two conductors connected
base stations. The NSS manages the communication between
together forms a turn. Each turn placed in slots of armature
mobile users and other users. It includes data bases needed in
form a coil. When the current flows through these armature
order to store information about the subscribers and to manage
coils, magnetic field is produced. This produces north and
their mobility. The operation support subsystem performs the
south poles around armature which then gets repelled by the
network maintenance. This is shown in figure 2.
permanent magnets of stator. This causes the motor to have

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH FOR SCIENCE AND COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING

rotational motion about the central axis. So this clarifies that
the rotational motion of rotor is because of the interaction
between the fields produced by stator and rotor. Hence it is
possible to control the motion by altering strengths of these
two magnetic fields. The magnetic field produced by stator is
fixed. However, by varying the magnitude of current through
armature windings, magnitude of the rotor magnetic field can
be altered. With this, larger or less magnetic flux can be
generated by more or less current which causes higher or
lesser speed of rotor.
The PWM technique keeps the frequency remain the
same. In other words, PWM is a technique in which the duty
cycle of the signal is varied in order to deliver the required
power to a DC motor. If the drive power varies, then speed
also varies. So, PWM is the technique of changing the overall
or average voltage across the load. This is given by;
V out = D * V source
Hence it is clear from above discussion that speed of DC
motor can be controlled by varying voltage across the motor
terminals. Since this voltage can be controlled by varying the
duty cycle, the speed of DC motor is also controlled.
4. WORKING:
Once the motor starts rotating with predefined speeds like
LOW SPEED, MEDIUM SPEED or HIGH SPEED, it is
necessary to monitor the speed of DC motor. This is done by
using a magnetic sensor placed on shaft of the DC motor.
Magnetic sensor is used for speed measurement of the motor.
For this, a magnet is placed on the shaft of the motor. While
rotating, when the magnet passes over a switch known as read
switch; the read switch closes and sends an analog signal to
555 timer. The analog signal is converted into digital form
(pulse) using monostable 555 timer, that pulse is given to
microcontroller to count number of rotations and display the
same on the LCD. By sending particular commands through
SMS to the modem, the authorized person can get the SMS
containing the information about the present speed (RPM) and
other details like direction of rotation. Hence the efficient
monitoring of the DC motor is possible. Along with such a
speed control, the ON/OFF control of additional three DC
motors is also possible. This is done by sending SMS with
special commands like ONM1 (Motor 1) to turn it ON or
OFFM1 to stop rotation. The flowchart for the proposed speed
control system is shown in figure 3. The circuit diagram is
given in figure 4. The experimental setup of the project is
shown in figure 5.

This project is a very good example of an embedded

application as it makes use of a microcontroller and it is an
open loop control system.
This project includes AT89C52 microcontroller, SIM 300
GSM modem, Mobile phone, ADC, 555 timer, magnetic speed
sensor, LCD display, Relays, 12v-1000 rpm DC motor and
other circuit components. Initially, the control SMS is received
by GSM modem from an authorized person and is then sent to
microcontroller through MAX 232 IC. The microcontroller
extracts the control signal from SMS using AT commands. At
this position, decoding of the SMS received is necessary. The
text SMS may include control codes like MOTOR SPEED
LOW/MEDIUM/HIGH. The microcontroller is programmed
to extract the control data from modem and verify whether it
has any control direction to the DC motor. For every fixed
time span, for example, for every one second the
microcontroller checks memory of modem for any new control
SMS. Now, as per the control commands extracted from SMS,
microcontroller sends necessary PWM control signals to the
motor through the motor driver circuit. Here the motor driver
circuit includes transistor darlington pairs and relays.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH FOR SCIENCE AND COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING

Fig-5: Experimental setup

5. CONCLUSION
The GSM based DC motor speed control system which is fast
and efficient with improved accuracy is designed. The
proposed project is implemented with AT89c52
microcontroller using C-programming language. The DC
motor is allowed to rotate at three different speed levels
namely- low, medium and high. The on-off control of
additional three dc motors is also done. The proposed system
is used successfully to control the speed of DC motor.

6. REFERENCES
[1] Prithwiraj shetti, Sheetal s. Bhosale, Amrut Ubare,
Design and implementation of GSM based and PID
assisted speed control of DC motor, International journal

Fig-3: Flowchart for Speed Control System of advanced research in Electrical, Electronics and
Instrumentation engineering, vol 3, issue 4, April 2014
[2] Sawan kumar, vikrant, S.K.Dubey, GSM based DC
Motor control, International Journal of Advanced
Technology in Engineering and Science, Volume No.02,
Issue No. 05, May 2014
[3] V Bhaskar, T. Gowri Manohar, GSM based motor
monitoring and speed control, International Journal of
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE), ISSN
No. 2231 –6477, Volume-1, Issue-2, 2011
[4] Shakti kumar, V.K. Saxena, Microcontroller based
switching control of DC motor using GSM modem,
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Volume 9, Issue 3 Ver. IV (May – Jun. 2014), PP 39-44

Fig-4: Circuit Diagram