Executive Summary

1) a problem statement
2) a knowledge gap
3) the aim of the study
4) what you did in the study
5) what you found
6) what it all means
Sanitation and hygiene Keep an important role in rural areas without sanitation and
hygiene system. Engineers Without Borders(EWB) is a community organization in global
which finding social value from the engineering perspective. EWB challenge is provided
toward Universities students across Australia and New Zealand. At the same time, the EWB
challenge team will be a coordinator which collaboration with university students. Facing the
problems of the real world will let participant have a chance to have a teamwork and
sustainable design in this ewb challenge. Kratie is one of Cambodia 's eastern provinces with
less population. Most of the Citizens in Kratie live nearby the Mekong river, which is a rural
area and thick-forested areas. Most of the citizens are living without sanitation and hygiene
system. Currently, EWB challenge has a new challenge on design and innovation in helping
communities in Kratie Province, rural area of Cambodia. The design and innovation area
included sanitation and hygiene, water supply, energy, agricultural systems, conservation and
livelihoods and so on. The current issue faced by residents in Kratie Province is about
sanitation and hygiene system are not enough. Approximately 4 million people out of the
population in Cambodia lack access to safe water and about a 6 million of the population are
lack of sanitation. in rural areas, poor access to safe water and sanitation disproportionately
affects its rural communities. Besides that, rural areas of Cambodia also lack latrines. Due to
an improper practice of hand hygiene and sanitation system will cause residents sick and die
due to disease such as diarrhea. Even the problem can be solved, but residents there have no
enough knowledge to prevent the disease such as diarrhea. To solve with this issue, This
project collaboration between Cambodian Rural Development Team (CRDT) and communities
in Kratie Province rural areas to solve the sanitation and hygiene problems with engineering
design and innovation perspective.
There is a limitation of knowledge in Kratie Province , residents in rural areas open
defecation to river water which causes healthy behaviors to those people who used river
water in their daily life. CRDT also state that the residents there are not on the level of
education level through experiment to clarify the clean water and unclean water with children
ages. The number of latrines in three villages of Kratie Province included Puntha Vhea, Ksach
Leav, and Koh Khnear approximately 50 latrines with 1,611 population.
 The aim of the study is learning to design and innovation sanitation and hygiene
system to enhance the living quality of the rural areas of Kratie Province. The aim goal of this
study is to learn how to use sustainable materials and budget cost to build an affordable
latrine and wash station. At the same time, the aimed goal of this study also included finding
effective programs and courses related to sanitation and hygiene to raise awareness on
sanitation and hygiene.
To solve with the problems in the study, the team did research and find the best
solution to solve the problems with appropriate, affordable toilet design, sanitation education,
and awareness programs according to the location, weather, geology, infrastructure, climate,
language, income, health, and education. From the local store, there have limitation tools and
construction materials. The team will use environmentally friendly materials such as bamboo
and timber wood to built up the construction. Geology in Kratie Province is a propensity for
sandy surface soils, which need to design a proper and complete foundation to prevent the
concrete construction cracking due to fluctuating water content in surrounding ground. To
prevent the foundation of concrete immerse and concrete cracking, the team will choose a
land with less ratio of sand to built the sanitation and hygiene system. After investigate and
research, found that people in Kratie Province use the Khmer language to communicate. The
team decides to get a few volunteers as a translator to translate the language by discussing
the work of scops with the local worker. Meanwhile, the team also need the translator during
communicating with the villagers there during the project period. For the education part, the
team has the responsibility to teach the residents there a proper way to use toilet and hand
hygeine. The team also conduct sanitation and hygiene program which let people there know
about the importance of sanitation and hygiene.
In addition, the team has found out that the toilet there has no light system. The team
design a sustainable design for the light system, which using DIY solar panel to generate the
light. At the same time, the battery will include storing the electric energy and the charge
controller also included to prevent the battery overcharge. Based on the designed of EWB
team have found out the materials used to build up the sanitation and hygiene system are
not sustainable. For example, all the materials will become a waste after the facilities broke.
The team will choose sustainable and environmentally friendly materials such as timber wood,
bamboo and coconut oil to reduce the cost and also save the earth.
To conclude, open defecation caused environmental and health problems. In order,
construction of public toilet and education on hygienics are needed. Lastly, the final design
od the sanitation and the toilet must be sustainable and affordable.