Labor Law 1

2017-2018
Atty AF de Vera1

I. General Principles of Labor Law

A. Constitutional provisions
1. Article II, Secs. 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 20.

2. Article III, Secs. 1, 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, 18(2).

3. Article XIII, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 13, 14.

• See also previous Constitutions of the Philippines

B. Civil Code
1. Articles 19, 1700, 1702, 1703

C. Labor Code
1. Articles 1-6, 166, 218 (211), 219 (212), 267 (255), 291 (276), 292
(277)

• Philippine Blooming Mills Employees Ass. v. Philippine Blooming Mills, 51

SCRA 189
• Philippine Ass. of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386
• EMS Manpower v. NLRC, et.al. G.R. No. 107723, July 24, 1997
• ECOP v. NWPC, G.R. No. 96169 September 24, 1991
• International School Alliance of Educators v. Quisumbing, 333 SCRA 13,
2000
• Reno Foods, Inc. v. Nagkakaisang Lakas ng Manggagawa – Katipunan, GR
No. 164016, March 15, 2010
• Jerome M. Daabay v Coca-Cola Bottlers Phils. Inc, GR No. 199890, August
19, 2013
• Sagales v Rustan’s Commercial Corporation, GR No. 166554 November 27,
2008
• Innodata Phils v Quejada-Lopez, GR No. 162839 October 12, 2006
• Industrial Timber Corporation v. Virgilio Ababon et al. G.R. No. 164518,
January 25, 2006
• Philippine Telegraph & Telephone Co. v. NLRC, 272 SCRA 596, 1997
• St. Joseph Academy of Valenzuela Faculty Association v. St. Joseph
Academy of Valenzuela, G.R. No. 182957, June 13, 2013
• Malabunga, Jr. vs. Cathay Pacific Steel Corporation, G.R. No. 198515, June
15, 2015

                                                                                                               
1  Significant  portions  adopted  from  the  outline  of  Professor  Daway.  
   2  

2. Aspects of the Labor Code: Arts 1-6, 128, 129, 303-307 (288-292);
Constitution: Art IX B Sec 2(1)

• PNOC Energy Development Corp. v. NLRC, 175 SCRA 26, 1989

• Dansart Security Force & Allied Services Company v. Bagoy, G.R. No.
168495, July 2, 2010
• Javier v Fly Ace Corporation GR No. 192558, Feb 15, 2012

II. Book One: Pre-Employment

• References: LC: Arts 12-39, Local employment and overseas employment;
POEA Rules; RA 8042 (1995) as amended by RA 10022 (2010)
• Latest statistics on OFWs – BLES website

A. RA No. 8042 (Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos’ Act

of 1995) and Republic Act No. 9422, repealing the deregulation
clauses of R.A. 8042. Relate to amendments of RA No. 10022
(2010)
• Vir-Jen Shipping and Marine Services Inc v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-58011 & L-
58012, November 18, 1983
• Philippine National Bank v. Cabansag (460 SCRA 514)
• Philippine Ass. of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon (163 SCRA 386)
• OSM Shipping Phil. Inc v NLRC GR No. 138193, Mar 5, 2003

B. Enforcement power – Art 35-38; POEA Charter (Executive

Order No. 247, series of 1987, as amended by R.A. 9422)
• JMM Promotion and Management v. Court of Appeals, 260 SCRA 319
• The Executive Secretary v. Court of Appeals, 429 SCRA 81
• Eastern Mediterranean Maritime Ltd., et al. v Estanislao Surio, et al. G.R. No.
154213, August 23, 2012

C. Recruitment and Placement : Art: 13 (b), RA 8042, Sec 6 as

amended

D. Allowed and Protected Entities

1. Allowed – Art 16, 25, 18, 12 (f);

2. Liabilities: Sec 10 RA 8042, pars 2-5

• Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, G.R. No. 167614, March 24 2009
• Sameer Overseas Placement Agency v Cabiles, G.R. No. 170139, August
05, 2014
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3. Imputed knowledge
• Sunace International Management Services, Inc. v NLRC, G.R. No. 161757,
January 25, 2006

4. Prohibited business agencies and entities – Art 16, 18, 25, 26

a) Travel agencies – Art 26, Omnibus Rules Implementing RA

8042 as amended, Part II, Rule I, Sec 2

b) Direct Hiring – Art 18

(1) Except: Art 18, 2nd sentence; Omnibus Rules

Implementing RA 8042 as amended, Rule II Sec 1 (i)

5. Illegal Recruitment, Art 34, 38 (a) (b); Section 6-12, R.A. 8042 as
amended
• People v. Panis, 142 SCRA 664
• People v. dela Piedra, 350 SCRA 163
• People v. Goce, 247 SCRA 780
• People v. Ortiz-Miyake, 279 SCRA 197
• Stolt Nielsen Tranport Group Inc v Medequillo Jr. GR No. 177498, January
18, 2012
• People v Dolores Ocden GR No 173198, June 1,2011

6. Money Claims of OFWs, Section 10, R.A. 8042 as amended

• Vir-Jen Shipping and Marine Services Inc v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-58011 & L-
58012, November 18, 1983
• Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, G.R. No. 167614, March 24 2009;
• Yap v. Thenamaris Ship’s Management and Intermare Maritime Agencies,
Inc., G.R. No. 179532, May 30, 2011
• Sameer Overseas Placement Agency v Cabiles, G.R. No. 170139, August
05, 2014
• Becmen Service Exporter and Promotion v. Cuaresma, G.R. Nos. 182978-
79, April 7, 2009

7. Jurisdiction

a) Criminal Action: RA 8042 Sec 9, Omnibus Rules

Implementing RA 8042 as amended Rule IV sec 6.

b) Money Claims: Ra 8042 Sec 10 1st par, Omnibus Rules

Implementing RA 8042 as amended Rule VII, Sec 1

c) Administrative Cases: Omnibus Rules Implementing RA

8042 as amended, Rule X, Sec 6 (a), (b)
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8. POEA Land-Based Rules and Regulations (2016)

a) Licensing (Part II, Rule I)

b) Fees, Costs, and Contributions (Part II, Rule V)

o http://www.gov.ph/2015/06/09/poea-cancels-license-of-manning-
agency-over-placement-fee/

c) Recruitment Outside Registered Office, (Part II, Rule VII),

Illegal Recruitment (Part II, Rule X)

d) Placement by the Private Sector (Part III, Rules I and II)

o ABD Overseas Manpower Corp. v. NLRC, 286 SCRA 454

e) Recruitment Violations and Related Cases (Part VI)

o Datuman v. First Cosmopolitan Manpower and Promotion Services,
G.R. No. 156029, 14 November 2008

f) Repatriation of Workers (Part VIII, Rule II)

o Equi-Asia Placement Inc. v. Department of Foreign Affairs, G.R. No.
152214, 19 September 2006

III. Employment Relationship

A. Labor Code: Article 97 (a), (b), (c), (e); 167 (f), (g) (h); 219
(212) (e) & (f)

• Dept Order No. 147-15, Section 3

B. Factors, Tests:

Control test
• Dy Keh Beng v. International Labor, 90 SCRA 161
• Maraguinot v. NLRC, 284 SCRA 539
• Insular Life Co. Ltd. V. NLRC, 179 SCRA 459 viz Insular Life Assurance Co.
Ltd. v. NLRC, 287 SCRA 476

Note

• Control v Economic: Angelina Francisco vs. NLRC, G.R. No.

170087 August 31, 2006
• Orozco v Court of Appeals, 562 SCRA 36 (2008)

• Sonza v. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp., 431 SCRA 583

• ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation v Marlyn Nazareno, Merlou Gerzon,

Jennifer Deiparine, and Josephine Lerasan, G.R. No. 164156, September 26,
   5  

2006 (you may also see Begino vs. ABS-CBN Corporation, G.R. No. 199166,
April 20, 2015)
• Thelma Dumpit-Murillo v Court of Appeals, GR No. 164652, June 8, 2007
• Fuji Television Network Inc. v Espiritu, G.R. No. 204944-45, December 03,
2014

Optional: https://buhaymedia.wordpress.com/2016/05/01/news-its-final-gma-
talents-are-regular-employees/

• Nogales vs Capitol Medical Center, G.R. No. 142625, December 19, 2006
• Calamba Medical Center Inc v NLRC, GR No. 176484, November 25, 2008
• Professional Services Inc v CA G.R. No. 126297 February 2, 2010
• Casumpang v Cortejo, GR No. 171127, March 11, 2015
• Escasinas v Shangri-la’s Mactan Island Resort GR No. 178827, Mar 4, 2009

• Lirio v Genovia, GR No. 169757, Nov 23, 2011

• Joaquin Lu v. Tirso Enopia, G.R. No. 197899, March 6, 2017

• Legend Hotel Manila v. Hernani S. Realuyo, also known as Joey Roa. G.R.
No. 153511, July 18, 2012
• WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. vs. Jocelyn M. Galera/Jocelyn M.
Galera vs. WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al., G.R. No.
169207/G.R. No. 169239, March 25, 2010
• Semblante v Court of Appeals, GR No. 196426, August 15, 2011

C. Burden of proof
• Javier v Fly Ace Corporation GR No. 192558, Feb 15, 2012
• Jarl Construction and Armando K. Tejada v. Simeon A. Atencio. G.R. No.
175969, August 1, 2012

D. Piercing the veil

• Sarona v NLRC, GR No. 185280, Jan 18, 2012
• De Leon et al v. NLRC, G.R. No. 112661, May 30, 2001

E. Subcontracting: Art 106-109; DO No. 174 (2017), DO 1 s

2012
• Philippine Bank of Communications v NLRC 146 SCRA 347 (1986)
• San Miguel Corp. v Semillano, GR No. 164257, July 5, 2010
• Alviado v Proctor & Gamble Phil. Inc. GR No. 160506, June 6, 2011
• Eparwa Security and Janitorial Services Inc. v Liceo de Cagayan University,
GR No. 150402, Nov 28, 2006.
• Goya, Inc. v. Goya, Inc. Employees Union-FFW, G.R. No. 170054, Jan. 21,
2013
• Avelino S. Alelin v Petron Corporation, GR No. 177592, June 9, 2014

IV. Development of Human Resources

   6  

• References: Consti: Art II, Sec 17; Art XIV Secs 1,2 (4), LC:Art 57-81;
Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994 (RA No. 7796),
superseded Arts 43-56 LC, Book II, Rules VI-VII, Implementing Rules and
Regulations.
• Also see: http://www.tesda.gov.ph/page.aspx?page_id=10
• http://www.accralaw.com/publications/labor-aspect-student-internship

A. Government Machinery: The TESDA Act: R.A. 7796, Labor

Code: Articles 43 – 56
B. Apprenticeship and Learnership: LC: Arts. 57-77; Omnibus
Rules: Book II, Rules VI-VII; The Dual Training System Act: R.A.
7686

• Nitto Enterprises v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 654

Optional: RA 10869 (2016) Jobstart Philippines Act

C. Persons with Disability: LC: Art 78-81, RA No. 7277 as

amended by RA No. 10070
• Bernardo v NLRC, 310 SCRA 186 (1999)
• Also see: C. Mina, Employment of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in the
Philippines: The Case of Metro Manila and Rosario, Batangas at
https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1313.pdf.

D. Employment of Aliens: Labor Code: Articles 40-42,

Omnibus Rules: Book I, Rule XIV, DO 146-2015

• General Milling Corp. v. Torres, 196 SCRA 215

• Almodiel v NLRC 223 SCRA 341
• Pacific Consultants International Asia Inc. v Schonfeld, GR No. 166920, Feb
19, 2007
• WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. vs. Jocelyn M. Galera/Jocelyn M.
Galera vs. WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al., G.R. No.
169207/G.R. No. 169239, March 25, 2010
• Dreamland Hotel Resort v Stephen B. Johnson, G.R. No. 191455, March 12,
2014

V. Conditions of Employment
A. Coverage: LC: Art 82, Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rule I,
Sections 1-2, Const: Art IX-B, Sec 2(1), RA No. 10361
• Manila Terminal Co Inc v CIR, 91 Phil 625 (1952)
• International Pharmaceuticals v. NLRC (287 SCRA 213)
• San Miguel Brewery, Inc. v. Democratic Labor Organization, 8 SCRA 613
• Far East Agricultural Supply Inc v Labatique GR No. 162813, Feb 12, 2007
• Mercidar Fishing Corp. v. NLRC, October 8, 1998
• Labor Congress of the Philippines v. NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998)
   7  

B. Hours of Work: LC: Art 83-90, Omnibus Rules: Book III,

Rule I, Sections 3-11, Rule I-A, Rule II, DO 02-09 (Flexible work
arrangements – available at
https://www.dole.gov.ph/fndr/bong/files/DA%2002-09.pdf)
• University of Pangasinan Faculty Union v. University of Pangasinan, 127
SCRA 691 (1984)
• Rada v. NLRC, 205 SCRA 69 (1992)
• Pigcaulan v Security & Credit Investigation Inc. GR No. 173648, Jan 16 2012

• See also:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Oqxncb2ihQ&list=PL1141BAB1EAC6EF
EE; Commonwealth Act No 444 (1939)
• http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/27/house-of-representatives-house-
bill-6152-4-day-work-week.html

C. Nightwork: LC: Art 86, Book III, Rule II, Secs 1-6; RA 10151
(2011
• Shell Oil Co. of the Philippines Ltd. V National Labor Union, 81 Phil 315, pp.
327-330 only.

D. Rest Periods and Holidays, LC: Arts 91-94, Executive Order

203 (1987), Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rules III-IV, R.A. No. 9492,
R.A. No. 9849
• Mantrade / FMMC Division Employees and Workers Union v Bacungan, 144
SCRA 510 (1986)
• Jose Rizal College v. NLRC, 156 SCRA 27 (1987)
• San Miguel Corp. v. CA, GR 146775, January 30, 2002

E. Service Incentive Leave: LC Art 95; Omnibus Rules, Book

III, Rule V
• Labor Congress of the Philippines v. NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998)

F. Other Leaves:
1. Paternity Leave: RA No. 8187 (1996)

2. Paternal Leave (Solo Parents’ Leave): RA No. 8972 (2000)

3. AVAWC Leave: RA No. 9262, Sec 43

4. Special Leave Benefits: RA No. 9710, Sec 18; DO 112-11 (s

2011); cf CSC Resolution No. 1000432, Nov 22, 2010

5. Vacation Leave / Sick Leave

• PNCC Skyway Traffic Management & Security Division Workers Organization
v PNCC Skyway Corp., GR No. 171231; Feb 17, 2010
   8  

G. Service Charges: LC: Art 96, Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule
VI
• Philippine Hoteliers Inc. v NUWHRAIN-APL-IUF, GR No. 181972, Aug 25,
2009

H. Non Diminution of Benefits: LC: Art 100

• Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co. v NLRC, GR No. 152928, June 18, 2009.

VI. Wages: LC: Art 97-119; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rules
VII-VIII, RA 6727, RA 9504, RA 9178, DO 118-12 (bus drivers)
A. Concept and Definition, LC: Arts 97-98, Omnibus Rules:
Book III, Rule VII, Sections 2-9
• Iran v. NLRC, 289 SCRA 433 (1998)
• Davao Fruits Corp. v Associated Labor Union, 225 SCRA 562 (1993)
• SLL International Cables Specialist v NLRC, GR No. 172161, March 2, 2011

B. Wage-Fixing: LC: Arts 99-101, 120-127, R.A. 6727, R.A. 8188,

RA 9178, Latest Wage Order from http://www.nwpc.dole.gov.ph/

• ECOP v. NWPC, G.R. No. 96169 September 24, 1991

• Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company Inc v. National Wages and
Productivity Commission GR No. 144322, February 6, 2007
• Nasipit Lumber Company v. NWPC, 289 SCRA 667 (1998)
• Prubankers Association v. Prudential Bank & Trust Company, 302 SCRA 74
(1999)

C. Payment of Wages: LC: Arts 102-105, 112-119; Omnibus

Rules: Book III, Rule VIII
• Gaa v CA, 140 SCRA 304 (1985)
• Five J Taxi v. NLRC, 235 SCRA 556 (1994)
• Genesis Transport Service Inc v UMMGT GR No. 182114, April 5, 2010
• Niña Jewelry Manufacturing of Medal Arts Inc. v Montecillo GR No. 188169,
Nov 29, 2011
• SHS Perforated Materials v Diaz, GR No. 185814, Oct 13, 2010

D. Liability for Wages, LC: Arts 105-111, DO 174 s 2017

1. Jurisdiction of DOLE Regional Director v Labor Arbiter
• Balladares v Peak Ventures Corp, GR No. 161794, June 16, 2009
• Meteoro v Creative Creatires Inc, GR No. 171275, July 13, 2009

E. Worker Preference in case of bankruptcy

• Republic v Peralta, 150 SCRA 37 (1987)
• DBP v NLRC G.R. No. 86227 January 19, 1994
• DBP v NLRC, 242 SCRA 58 (1995)
• Manuel D. Yngson, Jr., (in his capacity as the Liquidator of ARCAM & Co.,
Inc.) v Philippine National Bank. G.R. No. 171132, August 15, 2012
   9  

F. Thirteenth-Month Pay, Presidential Decree 851 (1975),

Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of the 13th Month Pay
Law, DOLE Labor Advisory 15 series of 2014

• Framanlis Farms, Inc. v. Minister of Labor, 171 SCRA 87 (1989)

• Boei Takeda v dela Serna 228 SCRA 329 (1993)
• Philippine Duplicators Inc. v NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)
• International Broadcasting Corporation v Panganiban, GR No. 151407, Feb
6, 2007
• Letran Calamba Faculty & Employees Assocation v NLRC, GR No. 156225,
Jan 29, 2008

G. Bonus
• Philippine Duplicators, Inc. v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)
• Producers Bank of the Philippines v. NLRC, 255 SCRA 489 (2001)
• Lepanto Ceramics Inc. v Lepanto Ceramics Employees Association, GR No.
180866, Mar 2, 2010
• Eastern Telecommunications Phil. Inc. v Eastern Telecoms Employees
Union, GR No. 185665, Feb 8, 2012

VII. Working Conditions For Special Groups Of Employees

A. Women: LC: Arts 130-136 (130-138), Omnibus Rules: Book III,

Rule XII, RA 10151 (2011), RA 7877, RA 9710 Secs 13, 18, RA 7192,
Social Security Act, R.A. No. 1161, as amended, Section 14-A, R.A.
No. 8187 (Paternity Leave Act), RA 10028 and implementing rules

• Philippine Telegraph & Telephone Co. v. NLRC, 272 SCRA 596 (1997)
• Duncan Association of Detailman v. Glaxo Wellcome, September 17, 2004,
viz Austria v NLRC, GR No. 123646, July 14, 1999.
• Libres v. NLRC, 307 SCRA 675
• Phil. Aeolus Automotive United Corp. v. NLRC, 331 SCRA 237 (2000)
• Cheryll Santos Leus v. St. Scholatica’s College Westgrove, GR No. 187226,
January 28, 2015
• Saudi Arabia Airlines v Rebesencio, G.R. No. 198587, January 14, 2015
• Cadiz v Brent Hospital & Colleges, G.R. No. 187417, February 24, 2016

B. Employment of Minors: LC: Arts 137-138 (139-140), Omnibus

Rules: Book III, Rule XII, Sections 2-3, RA 7610, Section 12, as
amended by R.A. 7658, RA 9231, DOLE Dept Advisory 01-08 Series of
2008, DO No. 149 series of 2016.
• Also see: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Nov 20, 1989
   10  

C. Kasambahay: RA 10361 (2013) and Implementing Rules and

Regulations
D. Homeworkers: LC: Arts 153-155, DOLE Department Order No.
5, series of 1992

VIII. Medical, Dental, and Occupational Safety: LC Arts 162-

171(156-165), Omnibus Rules, Book IV, Rule I, Secs. 1-10; Rule
II, Secs. 1-10. Note that Arts 166-208 repealed by SSS Law of
1997; re Art 216 (209), see NHI Law 166-208, Book IV, Rule II,
Sec 8.
• Escasinas v Shangri-la’s Mactan Island Resort GR No. 178827, Mar 4, 2009
• Also see: technical guidelines for hazardous / non hazardous establishment,
DOLE Memo Circular No. 2, s 1998.

IX. Employee Classification, LC: Arts 293 (278), 295 (280),

296 (281), Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule 1, Secs 1,5,6
A. Regular Employment
• GMA Network, Inc. v. Pabriga, G.R. No. 176419, November 27, 2013
• Romares v NLRC 294 SCRA 411 (1998)
• Phil. Federation etc v NLRC, G.R. No. 121071 (1998)
• Dante dela Cruz v Maersk Filipinas Crewing Inc. GR 172038 (2008) viz
Mllares v NLRC, G.R. No. 110524 (2002)
• Tomas Lao Construction v NLRC, 278 SCRA 716 (1998)
• Atok Big Wedge Co Inc. v Gison, GR No. 169510, Aug 8, 2011
• Beta Electric Corp v NLRC 182 SCRA 384 (1990)

B. Casual Employees
• Maranaw Hotels & Resort Corp. v Court of Appeals, GR No. 149660 (2009)
• Mercado v NLRC, 201 SCRA 332 (1991)
• See also: Philippine Jai-Alai & Amusement Corporation v Clave, G.R. No. L-
54136 December 21, 1983

C. Project Employment
• University of Santo Tomas (UST) v. Samahang Manggagawa ng UST, G.R.
no. 184262, April 24, 2017
• Gadia vs. Sykes Asia, Inc., G.R. No. 209499, January 28, 2015
• Pasos v PCNC, G.R. No. 192394, July 3, 2013
• Hanjin Heavy Industries & Construction v Ibanez 555 SCRA 537, G.R. No.
170181 (2008)
• Herma Shipyard Inc v. Danilo Oliveros, G.R. No. 208936, April 17, 2017
• Villa v. NLRC 284 SCRA 105, G.R. No. 117043 (1998)
• Willam Uy Construction Corp v Trinidad GR No. 183250 (2010)
• Maraguinot v. NLRC (284 SCRA 539)
   11  

D. Fixed Term Employment

• Brent School v Zamora 181 SCRA 702 (1990)
• Lynvil Fishing Enterprises Inc. v Ariola GR 181974, Feb 1 2012
• Purefoods Corp. v NLRC, 283 SCRA 133 (1997)
• Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corporation and Rene Cabati, G.R. No.
186439. January 15, 2014
• Fuji Television Network Inc. v Espiritu, G.R. No. 204944-45, December 03,
2014
• Fontera Brands Phils., Inc. vs. Leonardo Largado and Teotimo Estrellado,
G.R. No. 205300, March 18, 2015

E. Seasonal Employment
• Phil. Tobacco v NLRC, 300 SCRA 37 (1998)

F. Probationary Employment, Art 296 (281)

• Phil. Federation of Credit Cooperatives v. NLRC 300 SCRA 38 [1998]
• Robinson’s Galleria et al. v Ranchez GR No. 177937 (2011)
• Cathay Pacific Airways v Marin GR No. 148931, Sept 12, 2006
• Cebu Stevedoring v Regional Director 168 SCRA 315 (1988)
• Tomson’s Enterprises Inc v CA & Sy GR No. 192881 (2011)
• Escorpizo v. University of Baguio 306 SCRA 497 [1999]
• St Paul College QC v Ancheta GR No. 169905 (2011)
• Mylene Carvajal v. Luzon Development Bank and/or Oscar Z. Ramirez. G.R.
No. 186169, August 1, 2012
• Jocelyn Herrera-Manaois v. St. Scholastica’s College, G.R. No. 188914,
December 11, 2013
• Malicdem v. Marulas Industrial Corp., G.R. No. 204406, Feb. 26, 2014

X. Termination of Employment, Consti, Art 13, Sec 3; LC:

Arts 292 (277) (b), 294(279), 297-301 (282-286), DO No. 147-15
(2015)
A. Generally
• Espina v Hon Court of Appeals GR No. 164582, 2007
• Alhambra Industries v NLRC 238 SCRA 232 (1994)
• Pantoja v SCA Hygiene Products Corp GR No 163554 (2010)
• Coca Cola Bottlers v Valentina Garcia, GR No. 159625 (2008)
• Mansion Printing Center v Bitara Jr GR No. 168120 (2012)
• Golden Ace Builders & Azul v Talde GR No. 187200 (2010)
• Functional Inc. v Samel C. Granfil GR No. 176377 Nov 16, 2011
• Pepsi Cola Product Phil. Inc v EV Santos GR No. 165968 (2008)
• Jackqui Moreno v San Sebastian College-Recoletos GR No. 175283 (2008)
• Nagkakaisang Lakas ng Manggagawa sa Keihin v Keihin Phil Corp GR No.
171115 Aug 9 2010
• SKM Art Craft Corp. v. Efren Bauca et al., G.R. No. 171282 Nov 27, 2013
   12  

B. Just Causes, LC Art 297 (282), 294 (279), 292 (277) (b),DO
No. 147-15 (2015)
• Gilles v CA Schema Konsult GR No. 149273 (2009)
• Yabut v MECO GR No. 190436 (2012)
• Jonas Michael R. Garza v. Coca-Cola Bottlers Phils., Inc., et al., G.R. No.
180972 (2014)
• Alert Security & investigation Agency Inc. v Saidali Pasawilan et al GR No.
182397 (2011)
• Mapili v Phil Rabbit Bus Lines GR No. 172506 (2011)
• Aboc v Metro Bank & Trust Co GR No. 170542-43 (2010)
• Nissan Motors Phil. V Victorino Angelo GR No. 164 181 (2011)
• National Bookstore v CA 278 SCRA 194 (2002)
• PNB v Dan Padao GR No. 180849, 187143 (2011)
• Jumad v Hi Flyer Food Inc GR. No. 187887 (2011)
• MECO v Ma Luisa Beltran GR No. 173774 (2012)
• Lima Land Inc v Cuevas GR No. 169523 (2010)
• Elmer Lopez v Keppel Bank Phil. Inc. et al. GR No. 176800 (2011)
• Cathedral School of Technology v NLRC 214 SCRA 551 (1992)
• Lim v NLRC 259 SCRA 485 (1996)
• St Luke’s Medical Center Inc v Fabrigo GR No. 185933 (2009)
• Flordeliza Maria Reyes-Rayel v. Philippine Luen Thai Holdings Corporation,
et al. G.R. No. 174893, July 11, 2012

• EG & Const Corp v Sato GR No. 182070 (2011)

• Mario Dimagan v Dacworks United GR No. 191053 (2011)
• Batongbacal v Associated Bank 168 SCRA 7600 (1988)
• Manlimos v NLRC 242 SCRA 145 (1995)
• Elcee Farms v NLRC GR No. 126428 (2007)
• Manila Electric Co. v NLRC 263 SCRA 531 (1996)
• RB Michael Press v Galit GR No. 153510 (2008)
• Century Canning Corp v Ramil GR No. 171630 (2010)
• Ramoran v Jrdine CMG 326 SCRA 208 (2000)
• Gustilo v Wyeth Phil Inc 440 SCRA 67 (2004)
• Santos v NLRC 287 SCRA 117 (1998) cf Chua-Qua v Clave, G.R. No. 49549
August 30, 1990

• Sampaguita Garments Corp. v. NLRC, 233 SCRA 260 (1994)

• Bughaw v Treasure Isaland Industrial, GR No. 173151 (2008)

• Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Company vs. NLRC, 272 SCRA 596,
May 23, 1997
• Star Paper Corporation vs. Simbol, 487 SCRA 228, April 12, 2006
• Yrasuegui vs. Philippine Airlines, Inc., 569 SCRA 467 , October 17, 2008
• St. Luke's Medical Center Employee's Association-AFW (SLMCEA-AFW) v
NLRC, GR No. 162053, March 7, 2007

• Malig-on v Equitable General Services Inc GR No. 185269 (2010)

• Barroga v Data Center College of the Philippines GR No. 174158 (2011)
• Nippon Housing Phil. Inc. v Leynes, GR No. 177816 (2011)
   13  

• Salvador O. Mojar, et al. v Agro Commercial Security Service Agency, et al.

G.R. No. 7188, June 27, 2012
• Pharmacia & Upjohn v Albayda Jr GR No. 172724, Aug 23, 2010
• Morales v Harbor Center Port Terminal Inc. GR No. 174208 (2012)
• Phil. Telegraph v CA, 412 SCRA 263 (2003)
• The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf Philippines, Inc. vs. Arenas, G.R. No.
208908, March 11, 2015

C. Preventive Suspension, Bk V, Rule XXIII, Secs 8-9,

Ominibus Rules (old provision, ie prior to DO 40-03 which revised
Bk V and deleted Rule XIII).

• Artificio v NLRC, NLRC, GR No. 172988 (2010)

• Gatbonton v NLRC, 479 SCRA 416 (2006)
• Manila Pavilion Hotel, etc. vs. Henry Delada, G.R. No. 189947, January 25,
2011

D. Authorized causes, LC: Art 298 (283), DO No. 147-15 (2015)

• Edge Apparel Inc v NLRC, 286 SCRA 302 (1998)

1. Retrenchment
• FASAP v PAL, 559 SCRA 252 (2008)
• FASAP v PAL, GR No. 178083 (2009)
• Lambert Pawnbrokers & Jewelry Corp. v Binamira GR No. 170464 (2010)
• Philippine Carpet Manufacturing Corporation, et al. v. Ignacio B. Tagyamon,
et al., G.R. No. 191475, Dec 11, 2013

2. Redundancy
• Ruben L. Andrada v NLRC, Subic Legend Resorts And Casino, Inc., G.R.
No. 173231, December 28, 2007
• Smart Communications Inc v Regina Astorga, GR No. 148132 (2008)
• General Milling Corporation vs. Violeta L. Viajar. G.R. No. 181738, January
30, 2013

3. Closure
• Eastridge Golf Club v Eastridge Labor Union – SUPER, 563 SCRA 93 (2008)
• JPL Marketing Promotions v CA, 463 SCRA 136 (2005)
• Sangwoo Philippines, Inc. v. Sangwoo Philippines, Inc. Employees Union-
OLALIA, G.R. No. 173154./G.R. No. 173229, December 9, 2013

4. Disease
• Crayons Processing v Pula, GR No. 167727 (2007)
• Wuerth Philippines Inc. v Rodante Ynson GR No. 175932 (2012)
• Eleazar S. Padillo vs. Rural Bank of Nabunturan, Inc., et al. G.R. No.
199338. January 21, 2013
• Fuji Television Network Inc. v Espiritu, G.R. No. 204944-45, December 03,
2014

5. Union Security Clause

• Inguillo v First Phil. Scales Inc. GR No. 165407 (2009)
   14  

6. Illegal Strike – Art 264

• NUWHRAIN-APL-IUF Dusit Hotel Nikko Chapter v. Court of Appeals, GR No.
163942, November 11, 2008
• Alex Q. Naranjo, et al. vs. Biomedica Health Care, Inc., et al. G.R. No.
193789. September 19, 2012
• Automotive Engine Rebuilders, GR 160138, 16 Jan 2013

E. Procedure: LC Art 292 (277), DO No. 147-15 (2015)

• Nacague v Suplicio Lines Inc GR No. 172589 (2010)
• Baron v NLRC GR No. 182299 (2010)
• Mantle Trading Services Inc. v NLRC GR No. 166705 (2009)
• Agabon v NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (2004)
• Jaka Food Processing Corp. v Pacot, G.R. No. 151378 (2005)
• Serrano v NLRC 323 SCRA 445 (2000)
• Salaw v NLRC 202 SCRA 7 (1991)
• King of Kings Transport v Mamac, GR No. 166208 (2007)
• Magro Placement v Hernandez GR No. 156964 (2007)
• Erector Advertising Sign Inc v Cloma, GR No. 167218 (2010)
• Perez v Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Co, GR no. 152048 (2008)
• Technol Eight Phil. Corp. v NLRC GR No. 187605 (2010)
• Seastar Marine Services Inc v Bul-an 444 SCRA 140 (2004)
• ABD Overseas v NLRC 286 SCRA 454 (1998)
• Macasero v Southern Industrial Gases Phil, GR No. 178524 (2009)
• Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement v Pulgar GR No. 169227 (2010)
• Kulas Ideas & Creations v Alcoseba GR No. 180123 (2010)
• Abosta Shipmanagement Corp. v NLRC GR No. 163252 (2011)
• Jarl Construction and Armando K. Tejada vs. Simeon A. Atencio. G.R. No.
175969, August 1, 2012
• Unilever Philippines Inc., v. Maria Ruby M. Rivera, G.R. No. 201701, June
03, 2013

F. Prescription: Civil Code, Art 1146, Art 306 (291)

• Concepcion v Minex Import Corp GR No. 153569 (2012)

G. Quitclaim
• Talam v NLRC GR No. 175040 (2010)
• Aujero v Phil. Satellite Corp. GR No. 193484 (2012)
• Philippine Carpet Manufacturing Corporation, et al. v. Ignacio B. Tagyamon,
et al., G.R. No. 191475, December 11, 2013

H. Technical ground for dismissal frowned upon

• Jobel Enterprises v NLRC GR No. 194031 (2011)
• Lacorte v Inciong 166 SCRA 1 (1988)
• Quiambao v NLRC 254 SCRA 211 (1996)

I. Employee’s good faith

• Cruz v Coca Cola Bottlers Phils. Inc. 460 SCRA 340 (2005)

J. Appeal
• Barairo v OP & MST Marine GR No. 189314 (2011)
   15  

• Mindanao Times Corp v Confesor, GR No. 183 417 (2010)

• University Plans Inc v Solano GR No. 170416 (2011)

XI. Reliefs and Remedies in Illegal Dismissal cases: LC:

Arts 229 (223), 294 (279)

A. Reinstatement
• Lopez v NLRC 297 SCRA 508
• Asian Terminals v Villanueva GR No. 143219 (2006)
• Composite Enterprises v Caparoso GR No. 159919 (2007)
• Johnson & Johnson v Johnson Office and Sales Union GR No. 172799
(2007)
• Retuya v Dumarpa 408 SCRA 315 (2003)
• Union of Supervisors v Secretary of Labor, 128 SCRA 442 (1984)
• Divine Word High School v NLRC 143 SCRA 346 (1986)
• Espejo v NLRC 255 SCRA 430 (1996)
• Wensha Spa Center Inc v Yung GR No. 185122 (2010)
• DUP Sound Phils. v CA GR No. 168317 (2011)
• Ranara v NLRC 212 SCRA 631 (1992)
• Garcia v PAL GR No. 164856 (2009)
• Magana v Medicard Phil. Inc GR No. 174833 (2010)
• College of Immaculate Concepcion v NLRC GR No. 167563 (2010) viz 2011
NLRC Rules of Procedure, Rule XI Sec 14.
• Lansangan v Amkor Technology Phil. Inc GR No. 177026 (2009)

B. Backwages, Damages, Attorney’s Fees

• Aurora Land v NLRC 266 SCRA 48 (1997)
• St Michael’s Inst v Santos 371 SCRA 283 (2001)
• Asian Terminals Inc v NLRC GR No. 158458 (2007)
• Bustamante v NLRC 265 SCRA 1 (1996)
• Star Paper Corp v Espiritu GR No. 154006 (2006)
• Acesite Corp v NLRC 449 SCRA 360 (2005)
• Phil. Aeolus v. NLRC, 331 SCRA 237 (2000)
• Reyes v CA 409 SCRA 267 (2003)
• M+W Zander Phil Inc v Enriquez GR No. 169173 (2009)
• “J” Marketing corp v Taran GR No. 163924 (2009)
• BPI v NLRC GR No 179801 (2010)
• Triad Security and Allied Services v Ortega 481 SCRA 591 (2006)
• Palteng v UCPB GR No. 172199 (2009)
• Business Day Information Systems and Services Inc v NLRC 221 SCRA 9
(1993)
• Songco v NLRC 183 SCRA 610 (1990)
• San Miguel Corp v Javate 205 SCRA 469 (1992)

C. Separation Pay
• Manila Water Company v. Carlito del Rosario G.R. No. 188747, January 29,
2014
   16  

D. Financial Assistance
• SAMASAH-NUWHRAIN v Magsalin GR Nos 164939, 172303 (2011)
• Equitable PCI Bank v Dompor GR No. 163293, 163297 (2010)
• See also: PLDT v NLRC 164 SCRA 671 (1988); Paduata v MECO GR no
170098 (2012)

E. Indemnity
• Agabon v NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (2004)
• Serrano v NLRC 323 SCRA 445 (2000)

F. Liability of Corporate Officers

• AMA Computer College – East Rizal v Ignacio GR No. 178520 (2009)
• Alba v Yupangco GR No. 188233 (2010)

G. Resignation LC: Art 300 (285), 301 (286)

• Globe Teleco v Crisologo GR No. 174644 (2007)
• Nationwide Security And Allied Services v Valderrama GR No. 186614
(2011)
• Bilbao v Saudi Arabian Airlines GR No. 183915 (2011)
• Azcor v NLRC 303 SCRA 26 (1999)
• A’Prime Security Services v NLRC 322 SCRA 283 (2000)
• Mandapat v Add Force Personnel Services GR No. 180285 (2010)
• Hechanova Bugay Vilchez Lawyers et al. v. Atty. Lenny O. Matorre, G.R. No.
198261, October 16, 2013
• Leopard Security and Investigation Agency v. Tomas Quitoy, G.R. No.
186344, February 20, 2013

H. Retirement: LC: Art 302 (287), RA 7641, Implementing Rules;

Labor Advisory on Retirement Pay (2009), as amended by RA 8558
(1998); RA 10757 (2016)
• Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation v Amarilla GR No. 162775 (2006)
• Jaculbe v Silliman University GR No. 156934 (2007)
• Reyes v NLRC GR No. 160233 (2007)

• Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corp v Caballeda 560 SCRA 115 (2008)
• Enriquez Security Services v Cabotaje GR No. 147993 (2006)
• Ozales v Unilab 559 SCRA 26 (2008)
• Gerlach v Reuters Ltd Phil. 448 SCRA 535 (2005)
• Sta Catalina v NLRC 416 SCRA 233 (2003)
• PAL v Airlines Pilots’ Association 373 SCRA 302 (2002)
• Ariola v Philex Mining Corp 466 SCRA 152 (2005)
• Equitable PCI Bank v Caguia 466 SCRA 686 (2005)
• Sy v Metrobank Bank & Trust Company GR No. 160618 (2006)
• PLDT v Reus 557 SCRA 379 (2008)
• Rivera v Unilab GR No. 155639 (2009)
• Korean Air Co Ltd. V Yuson GR No. 170369 (2010)
• Bibiano C. Elegir vs. Philippine Airlines, Inc. G.R. No. 181995, July 16, 2012
   17  

I. Dispute Settlement: Labor Code: Arts. 128-129, 220-232(213-

226) 266 (254), 273-277(260-262-B), 278 (g-i) (263, g-i), 288-290 (273-
275), 292 (b) (277 b), 305-307 (290-292); Executive Order No. 126 &
251; RA No. 9347 (2008)
• Eastern Mediterranean Maritime Ltd., et al. v Estanislao Surio, et al. G.R. No.
154213, August 23, 2012

• Consultations days: as arranged with the lecturer, email:

afdevera@outlook.com
• Breakdown of Grades:
• Quizzes: 15%
• Class participation: 20%
• Midterms: 30%
• Finals: 35%