Academic English Skills Coursework 1R: Source Evaluation and Essay Outline

Name:HamadAlbadi Class:Groupe 1 Date: 24/01/2019

A. Student AES

Title:Plastic pollution is becoming recognized as a major problem for our environment and living organisms. Identify
and evaluate two methods of addressing plastic pollution at national and/or local government level.

Part 1: Source Evaluation[Explanation of why you have selected the sources for use.]
Complete the table below for FOUR sources you have found which are reliable and relevant for your
essay. You should not use the sources you were given in this section.
EVALUATION 1
Reference: Kukulka T, Proskurowski G, Morét-Ferguson S, Meyer D, Law K. (2012). ‘The effect of wind mixing on the
vertical distribution of buoyant plastic debris’[online] Available at:
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2012GL051116 [Last assecced:13.3.2019]

How do you know this source is suitable for academic use? Refer to the authority, reliability of evidence
or data, objectivity, currency and use of expected academic conventions.

Authority:
-This article is research conducted by kukulka T, Proskurowski G, More-Ferguson S, Meyer D and Law K.
these are the most refutable authors. They belong to the Geophysical research letter, advancing earth and
space time, AGU University.
-This make their work more reliable
Reliability:
-This article is published in the well-known AGU journal in volume 39 ,issue 7
-This journal is more popular for advertising and awareness of people
-So this is the most suitable option of reliability
Objectivity:
-The article is a research paper and it is published to aware the people about the major problem in society
that has been gone through, this is research is helpful academically as well.
Currency:

The article can be regarded as current because research has been conducted in 2011 and it is published in
April 2012.

How is the source relevant to your title? What are the useful points / arguments made in the text?

The article is related to the title because there is the discussion about the causes of plastic pollution. In
research work, researchers say that micro plastic agents are the cause of plastic pollution because it gets
mixed with the water in short period of time. As we know that when wind blows and it takes all the
particles from its surrounding, similarly when this air gets mix with the ocean water which is already a
mixture of micro plastic debris, it would become the source of death of marine life.
EVALUATION 2
Reference: Hidalgo-Ruz V, Gutow L, Thompson R, Thiel M. (2012). Micro plastics in the marine environment: A
Review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environ SciTechnol 46:3060–3075. Available at:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es2031505 [last assessed : 13.03.2019]

How do you know this source is suitable for academic use? Refer to the authority, reliability of evidence
or data, objectivity, currency and use of expected academic conventions.

Authority:
The article is published by , Valeria Hidalgo-Ruz, Lars Gutow, Richard C. Thompson, and Martin Thiel
It is published in refutable site: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven,
Germany. School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth,
Devon, United Kingdom

Reliability:
The source can be regarded as my authentic because it published on the most popular blog or website ACS
publication.Environmental science and technology. It makes it more reliable than any other cite. This is an
academic study which has been peer-reviewed School of Oceanography,
Objectivity:
The article is published for purpose to aware the people about the effects of marine life by plastic
pollution. In this research paper, the researcher has given the critical review on the topic. So that reader
could distinguish between the right and wrong.

Currency:
This is the latest research which is published in 2012 in the university. The text is written as a guide for the
general public, so it is not written in an academic manner. However, the language/style is formal and the
structure is clear.

How is the source relevant to your title? What are the useful points / arguments made in the text?

The title of the research paper is not far from this article. Because in this article the researchers mention
microorganisms and their lives and they discuss about that What they have impact on the identification
and quantification of microorganisms. These techniques will help out the government as well because the
government and people will get the idea that how to reduce the major issue of society.
EVALUATION 3
Reference: Lumpkin R, Maximenko N, Pazos M. (2012). Evaluating where and why drifters die. Journal of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Tech 29:300–308.available at:
https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00100.1 [last assecced:13.03.2019]

How do you know this source is suitable for academic use? Refer to the authority, reliability of evidence
or data, objectivity, currency and use of expected academic conventions.

Authority:
The article or research is conducted by Rick Lumpkin. He belongs to the most credible institution Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida. Now, it leaves no mark to be
unauthoritative.
Reliability:
This is an academic study which has been peer-reviewed School of Oceanography, Atlantic Oceanographic
and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida. It is first published in AMS100 journal. This journal provides
a lot of information to the people because it is counted in the list of top journals.
Objectivity::
The major objectivity can be seen is too aware the people about problem around the world. The plastic
pollution is not mere a local problem but it has reached to the global level.
Currency:
The study can be regarded as current because researcher has finalized his work recently in 2012.

How is the source relevant to your title? What are the useful points / arguments made in the text?

Research is related to my content because it is important to discriminate between drifters that cease
transmitting because of internal failure and those that cease because of external factors such as running
aground or being picked up. The article also tells us about the global problem of the world which is plastic
pollution. It has elevated from local point to the globalization.

EVALUATION 4
Reference: Goldstein M, Goodwyn D. (2013). Gooseneck barnacles (Lepas spp.) ingestmicroplastic debris in the
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Peer J 184:2–17. Available at:
https://peerj.com/articles/184/ [last assecced:13.03.2019]
How do you know this source is suitable for academic use? Refer to the authority, reliability of evidence
or data, objectivity, currency and use of expected academic conventions.

Authority:
Authors of the article are Miriam C. Goldstein, Deborah S. Goodwin which are the most refutable authors
they belong to Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
, California Sea Grant, La Jolla, CA, USA and Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA, USA
These lists of references have made it more authoritative.
Reliability:
The source can be authentic because the research article have been published in the most common journal
Peerj which aims to keep inform about the latest research about the science and technology.,
Objectivity:
The article is a research paper and it is published for academic use and as well as to give information and
knowledge to the people of country to make them aware about the experiments and results of our
practical experiment that what are our steps to avoid the plastic pollution around the world.
Currency:
Research can be regarded as current research because researchers have completed their work in 2013

How is the source relevant to your title? What are the useful points / arguments made in the text?

Research paper is related to the title of essay as in the research paper researchers explain that many
different marine deaths have occurred because of plastic because when the plastic is thrown into ocean it
accumulated in the increased density of on the surface of subtropical areas of gyre. They cause many
complications for marine life even their gastrointestinal track have been affected. Researchers give statistic
data to analyze in more proper way.

Part 2: Essay Outline

Provide a clear plan of your essay, including the key points you will include, and the sources you will
use to support your points. You can use the sources you were given, as well as your own sources.
Title:
Plastic pollution is becoming recognised as a major problem for our environment and living organisms. Identify and
evaluate two methods of addressing plastic pollution at either national or local government level.

Plan for overall structure

Introduction
P1.
P2.
P3.
P4.
P5.
Conclusion

Introductory paragraph structure

Background Plastic pollution become one of our life problem and it effect our environment while the
government thought that is difficult to find a solution .

Thesis statement The essay will be focus on plastic pollution problem and how to solve the solution .

Route map I’ll find some solution and I’ll will do my best and write and am going to represent my thoughts
.

Paragraph 1 Topic sentence

Usage of plastic made things is drastically increasing.

Supporting points Evidence / example/ data Citation

- According to reports, approximately Reports says that a person consumes almost 35 Macfadyen et al. (2009)
35 kilograms of plastic is being used kilograms plastic annually which includes
per capita annually. packing material, bags, households, and other
industrial things.

Per capita consumption of plastic things in

European countries is 92 kilograms annually
which is really a horrible figure.

Approximately three hundred million plastic

products are produced per year worldwide.

- Plastic made things in utilities. Gadgets, products, and utilities available in Macfadyen et al. (2009)
market are made up by plastic and very durable,
so it has become an essential part of daily use.

- What is alarming? Frequent use of plastic products has made the Thompson et al. (2009)
public least concerned about its drawbacks and
disposals.

Concluding / linking sentence

Consumption of plastic made things has been increased dramatically and it is destroying the planet badly.

Paragraph 2 Topic sentence

How plastic is polluting the environment, climate, and life?

Support Evidence / example/ data Citation

- Life of plastic made things. Plastic made things are very durable and reliable
and do not get disposed easily.

- Plastic do not get disposed naturally Any piece of plastic ever made still exists due to Jambeck et al. (2015)
like natural fossils. its low half-life. Unlike fossils.

- Marine life is badly affected by Man throws his waste into the seas and oceans
plastic as well as the wildlife. and thousands of marine animals and birds get
killed by this waste.

- Plastic pollution deteriorates the Plastic pollution makes the appearance of a Jambeck et al. (2015)
climate and environment. forest or a natural place impure and also causes
the climate change.

Concluding / linking sentence

Considering the benefits of plastic products and ignoring the drawbacks is a foolish act and man should identify the
ways to address the plastic pollution on both local and governmental levels.

Paragraph 3 Topic sentence

Appropriate disposal of plastic made things is one of the ways that would help in reducing plastic pollutions.

Support Evidence / example/ data Citation

- There is a need of spreading Public is needed to be educated about the well Derraik (2002)
awareness regarding proper and managed use of plastic products and about the
appropriate disposal of plastic ways that how plastic things can be disposed of
products. in a better manner to avoid pollution.

- Disposing the plastic by landfilling. Plastic products which cannot be recycled or Derraik (2002)
reused should be disposed by landfilling.

- Support the bans imposed on the

use of plastic pollutions.
- Generating energy by disposing
useless plastic products.
Energy should be generated by the waste plastic Derraik (2002)
materials, but keeping in view that this energy
production should not be harmful for human
health and for the environment.

- Participating in clean-up activities. Youngsters should participate in river, beach, Derraik (2002)
forest cleaning activities and should spread the
word.
Concluding / linking sentence
Plastic products must be disposed of in an appropriate manner but should be recycled at first.

Paragraph 4 Topic sentence

Recycling is the best way to reduce plastic pollution.

Support Evidence / example/ data Citation

- Using reusable products. Those plastic products should be used which can Cooper and Corcoran
be reused in some other way as well. (2010)

- Avoid buying onetime useable Those plastic things which are useless after Cooper and Corcoran
things. onetime use should not be purchased rather (2010)
should be banned.

- Recycling statistics. According to reports only 10% of plastic Cooper and Corcoran
products are recycled at present and the rest of (2010)
90% are causing pollution.

- Multipurpose plastic products Producing multipurpose plastic products will Cooper and Corcoran
should be produced on the industrial help in the reduction of plastic pollution and (2010)
level. environment could be made clean and pure in
this way.

Part 3: Sources
Write a reference list for at least SIX sources which you have found yourself. You should include the
two sources you were given if you plan to use them in your essay.

1. Cooper, D.A. and P.L. Corcoran (2010) Effects of mechanical and chemical processes on the degradation of
plastic beach debris on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60 (5), 650-654.
2. Derraik, J.G.B. (2002) The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 44, 842–852. 2.
3. Jambeck, J.R., R. Geyer, C. Wilcox, T.R. Siegler, M. Perryman, A.L. Andrady, R. Narayan, and K.L. Law (2015),
Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Science, 347 (6223), 768–771.
4. Macfadyen, G., T. Huntington and Cappell, R. (2009) Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear.
UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No.185; FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, No. 523.
Rome, UNEP/ FAO.
5. Thompson, R.C., S.H. Swan, C.J. Moore and F.S. vomSaal (2009), Our plastic age, Phil Trans R Soc B,
364(1526), 1973–1976.