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Dangerous Good

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What is the Dangerous good?
Dangerous goods are defined as:

Articles or substances which are capable


of posing a risk to health, safety,
environment and property.
General philosophy
Dangerous good can be transported safely by
air transport or sea transport provided certain
principle are strictly followed. These principle
and procedures include:
1- Classification
Dangerous good are classified according to
criteria determined by the United Nation
Committee of Experts ( COE ) on the
Transport of dangerous good.
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2- Prohibitions:
Some dangerous goods have been
identified as being too dangerous to be
carried on any aircraft under any
circumstance.
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3- Training:
Training is an essential element in
maintaining a safe regulatory regime.
Dangerous goods training is a
mandatory requirement for all
individuals in preparation or transport of
D.G.
Training each 24 month …
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4- Packaging:
Packaging is the essential component in
the safe transport of D.G.
The IMO dangerous goods regulations
provide instruction for all dangerous
goods acceptable for ship transportation
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5- Marking and Labeling:


The packages are marked with required
marking and bear the required labels to
ensure that the hazard can be
recognized without relying on
accompanying documentation in an
emergency.
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6- Documentation:
The paper declaration of dangerous goods by
the shipper ensure that all in the
transportation chain are aware that
dangerous goods are being transported. This
ensure that they are correctly accepted,
handled and loaded an if ad incident or
accident occurs, either in ship or in the port,
what the correct response should be.
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7- Notification to Pilot-in-command
The pilot-in-command must know what is
on board the ship in order to properly
assess and action any emergencies that
may occure.
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8- Avoiding Hidden Hazard


Information regarding “Hidden Dangerous
Good” must also be conveyed to
passengers, crews and shippers to
assist them in recognizing D.G.
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9- Accident/Incident Reporting
Dangerous Goods accident or incident
must be reported, so that an
investigating by relevant authorities can
establish the cause and corrective
action can be taken.
Shipper’s Responsibility:

The importance of shipper’s responsibilities and


compliance cannot over-emphasized. The
shipper specifically must:
• Establish that his employees are trained to
enable them to carry out their responsibilities
(DGR 1-3-2).
• Establish whether the article or substance is
prohibited for transport by ship.
Shipper Responsibilities Continue:

• Ensure that the dangerous goods are


identified, classified, packed, marked, labeled
and documented in full compliance (DGR 1-3-
2).
• Ensure that the dangerous goods are
packaged in compliance with all application of
sea transfer requirements (DGR 1-3-2)
Shipper Responsibilities Continue:

• The shipper, the freight forwarded and


the cargo agent must also establish:
– For all consignments, the documents and
package exterior have been checked for
any indication of hidden hazards and other
responsibilities as stipulated (DGR 1-3-3-6)
Operator’s Responsibility:
• When accepting cargo for transportation by
ship it is the operator’s cargo acceptance staff
who have the responsibility to ensure, as far
as possible, that the consignment does not
contain dangerous goods unless the shipper
has prepared the shipment of dangerous
goods in accordance with Regulations. A
checklist must be used to accept declared
dangerous goods consignments (DGR 9-1-4)
Operator’s Responsibility continue:

In Addition to acceptance, the operator’s has


seven other responsibilities as set out in DGR
1-4 they are:
• Storage;
• Loading;
• Inspection;
• Providing of information, including ERI
• Reporting dangerous good accident/ incident
• Retention of records; and
• Training.
Training Requirements:

• General familiarization training


• Function or job specific training
• Safety training
Training Requirements (con):
• The training must cover the following aspect:

– General Philosophy
– Limitation
– List of dangerous goods
– Marking and labeling
– Recognition of undeclared dangerous goods
– Storage and loading procedures
– Pilot’s notification
– Provisions for passengers and crew
– Emergency procedures
Dangerous goods security:
– General Security Provisions
• All persons engage in the transport of
dangerous goods commensurate with their
responsibilities.
• Employees should be made aware of the
security plans in effect at each place of
employment and their individual responsibilities
with regard to those plans.
Information to shipper:
• The operator must ensure that sufficient
notice are prominently displayed at
cargo acceptance point to alert shippers
to the regulations applying to transport
of dangerous goods.
Hidden dangerous goods:
• Not all dangerous goods all easily
identified.
• Operator’s general cargo acceptance
stuff must be adequately trained to
assist them to identify and detected
dangerous goods presented to general
cargo.
Classification
General principles:

• Dangerous goods are divided into 9


classes reflecting the type of risk
involved. ( D.G.R. 3-0-2 )
Classification ( cont ):

• Classes 1,2,4,5 and 6 are divided into


“DIVISIONS” due to hazard variations
within these classes.
• Classes are expressed by single-digit
numbers. For example 7
Classification ( cont ):

• Divisions are expressed by 2-digit


numbers.
• The first digit identifies the Class
number and the second identifies the
variation within that class.
Classification ( cont ):

• Example:

• Oxidizer is class 5, Division 1, and


is referred to as “Division 5.1”
Classification ( cont ):

• Each hazard class/division has specific


criteria that are used to determine
whether a substance belongs to that
class or division (D.G.R. section 3 )
Classification ( cont ):
• Some dangerous goods may have
characteristic that meet the
classification criteria of more than one
class or division.
• Under these circumstances the
substance is said to have both a
primary and subsidiary risk.
Classification ( cont ):
• The DGR is built-up in a logical manner.
• The second digit of subsection
corresponds to the class number.
• Example:
• 3.3 –
• 3= classification section
• .3 class 3 – Flammable liquid
• 3.3 classification of Flammable liquid
Classification ( cont ):
• This also applies to section 5 – Packing
Instructions:
– Ex: 5.1
• 5= Packing Section
• .1= Class 1 – Explosives
• 5.1= Packing Instructions for Explosives
Classification ( cont ):
• The type of labelling to be applied
depends upon the type & classification
of the hazardous substances. The class
numbers quoted below refer to UN
Transport Classes.
Classification ( cont ):
CLASS 1 - EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS OR
SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 1)

• Articles and substances having a


mass explosion hazard
Classification ( cont ):
• DIVISION 1.1 :

Objects or
substances which
present a risk of
mass explosion.
Classification ( cont ):
• DIVISION 1.2 :

Objects or
substances which
present a risk of
projection but not a
risk of mass
explosion.
Classification ( cont ):
• DIVISION 1.3 :

Objects or
substances which
present a risk of fire
with a minimum risk
of blowing or a risk
of projection but not
a risk of mass
explosion.
Classification ( cont ):

DIVISION 1.4 :

Objects or substances
which present no
important risk.
Classification ( cont ):

DIVISION 1.5 :

Objects with a very


light sensibility but
presenting a risk of
mass explosion.
Classification ( cont ):
• DIVISION 1.6 :

extremely
insensitive articles
which do not have
mass explosion
hazard
Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 2 GAS : COMPRESSED,


LIQUEFIED OR DISSOLVED, UNDER
PRESSURE GAS : (LABEL 2.0)
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 2.1 :

Flammable gas
Any gas which, when
mixed with air in
certain proportions,
forms a flammable
mixture.
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 2.2 :

Non flammable gas.


Any non-flammable,
non-toxic gas or
low-temperature
liquid gas.
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 2.3 :

Toxic gas
Gases known to be
toxic or corresive
to humans and
known to pose a
health risk.
Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 3 - FLAMMABLE LIQUID


SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 3.1)
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 3.1 :

Low flash-point
group (less than -
18C)
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 3.2 :

Medium range
flash-point group
(between - 18C and
23C)
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 3.3 :

High flash-point
group ((over 23C
but not over 61C).
Classification ( cont ):

• Note : These temperatures are given


for test in a closed crucible. Substances
having under these tests a flash-point
over 61C are said to be non flammable.
Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 4 - FLAMMABLE SOLID AND


OTHER FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 4.1 :

Any soild material,


which is readily
combustible, or may
cause or contribute
to fire through
friction.
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 4.2 :

Such substances are


liable to
spontaneous
heating or to heating
up in contact with air
and then liable to
catch fire.
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 4.3 :

Substance, which, by
interaction with
water, are liable to
become
spontaneously
flammable or to give
off flammable
gases.
Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 5 – OXIDIZING SUBSTANCE;


COMBUSTIVE SUBSTANCES AND
ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 5-1 :

A substance that
yields oxygen
readily to
stimulate the
combustion of
other material.
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 5-2 :

An organic material
(liquid or solid) that
can be ignited
readily by external
flame and then
burns with an
accelerating rate;
some substances
react dangerously
with other.
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 5.3 :

A new lable for


division 5.2 organic
peroxides
introduced as of
January 2007; will
replace the solid
yellow division 5.2
lable in January
2011. ether division
5.2 labels may be
used until then.
Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 6 - TOXIC AND INFECTIOUS


SUBSTANCES
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 6.1 :

Liquid or solid,
which are
dangerous, if
inhaled,
swallowed or
absorbed through
the skin
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 6.2 :

Substance which are


known or
reasonably
expected to contain
pathogens and
cause disease in
humans or in
animals.
Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 7 - RADIOACTIVE
SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 7.1, 7.2, 7.3)
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 7.1 :

Radioactive material
with low radiation
level on the package
surface. No
transport index
indicated.
Classification ( cont ):

DIVISION 7.2 :

Radiation level higher


than category I and
a transport index
not, exceeding 1.
Classification ( cont ):

DIVISION 7.3 :

Radiation level higher


than category II
and/or a transport
index exceeding 1
but not more than
10.
Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 8 - CORROSIVE
SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 8)
Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 8 :

A liquid or solid that will


cause severe damage
when in contact with
living tissue or in the
case of leakage will
materially damage or
even destroy other
goods or the means of
transport.
Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 9 - OTHER HAZARDOUS


SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 9)
Classification ( cont ):

DIVISION 9 :

Any substance, which


presents a danger
during
transportation.
UN number display on
transportation equipment
UN number display on transportation equipment
UN number display on transportation equipment
Special marking
Special marking
Special marking
Special marking
Breakdown of the list of
dangerous goods
Breakdown of the list of dangerous goods:

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