Insights Beyond Ir4.0 with Ioe Checksheets For Implementation - a Basic Reference Manual: A Disruptive Digital Technology - Forging Ahead with Industrial Transformation

Copyright © 2023 by Sugumaran RS Ramachandran.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

Author

Acronym

Introduction

What It Means

Smart Manufacturing

What is a New Collar job?

Industry 1.0 – The Industrial Revolution

The Nine Pillars of Industry 4.0

What is Internet of Things

Internet of Things : Use Cases

7 - Principles of IoTs

Introduction Of IoT Devices

IoT Devices

Future Internet

Technology Adoption

Top 10 Skills Beyond 2020

Drone Technology

Types of Drones

10 stunning applications of drone technology

Going Beyond Ir4.0

Society 5.0 Will Change The World.

How Society 5.0 works

The Millennial Generation Research Review

Neurotechnology

A Glimpse Into the Future of Brain Technologies

IoE Strategy & Growth

What Is Artificial Intelligence

IoE Use Cases

IoE Case Studies

Business Analysis

Checklist for IoE User Requirements Specifications

Checklist for IoE Use Case Modelling

Checklist for IoE Use Case Specification

Architecture

Checklist for IoE Design Review

Platforms, Enablers, and Accelerators

Testing

Checklist for IoE Test Environment

Checklist for IoE Test Requirement Review

Checklist for IoE Test Environment

Checklist for IoE Test Case Review

Integration

Checklist for IoE Release Planning

Checklist for IoE Release Building

Checklist for IoE Release Building (Vendors)

Checklist for IoE Release testing (SIT)

Checklist for IoE Release Testing (UAT)

Checklist for IoE Release Testing (Operational Readiness Testing)

Checklist for IoE Release Testing (Performance)

Project Management

Checklist for IoE Project Initiation

Checklist for IoE Project Approval

Checklist for IoE Project Handover

IoE Transition & Handover

Checklist for IoE Transition

Checklist for IoE Transition Handover

Presales & Bidding

Checklist for IoE Bid Review

Technical Writing

IoE Technical Writing

Checklist for IoE Technical Writing

References

Best of efforts were put forth to validate the content provided in this book. The author do not assume any responsibility for errors, omissions, or contrary interpretations of the subject matter contained within.

The information provided in this book is for educational purposes only. The Author do not accept any responsibilities for any liabilities or damages, real or perceived, resulting from the use of this information.

PREFACE

This book is a compilation from various resources presented to guide readers and expose tools needed to lead and implement successful Internet of Everything (IoE) projects in organizations.

While most people probably picture computers and cell phones when the subject of technology comes up, technology is not merely a product of the modern era. ... Just as the availability of digital technology shapes how we live today, the creation of stone tools changed how pre-modern humans lived and how well they ate.

Why technology is important in our daily life. This is because life without technology is pointless in today’s dynamic world. Technology, which brings together tools to promote development, use and information exchange, has as its main objective of making tasks easier and the solving of many problems of mankind.

Our society is now being reshaped by rapid advances in information technologies — computers, telecommunications networks, and other digital systems—that have vastly increased our capacity to know, achieve, and collaborate.

These technologies allow us to transmit information quickly and widely, linking distant places and diverse areas of endeavor in productive new ways, and to create communities that just a decade ago were unimaginable.

Of course, our society has been through other periods of dramatic change before, driven by such innovations as the steam engine, railroad, telephone, and automobile. But never before have we experienced technologies that are evolving so rapidly (increasing in power by a hundredfold every decade), altering the constraints of space and time, and reshaping the way we communicate, learn, and think.

The rapid evolution of digital technologies is creating not only new opportunities for our society but challenges to it as well, and institutions of every stripe are grappling to respond by adapting their strategies and activities. Corporations and governments are reorganizing to enhance productivity, improve quality, and control costs. Entire industries have been restructured to better align themselves with the realities of the digital age. It is no great exaggeration to say that information technology is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and knowledge.

We all know that Checksheets are a set of questions or list of statements that will help us keep track of all the actions that have to be performed in a work. The purpose of these checksheets are to reduce failures, increase consistency and completeness in performing a specific task.

No matter what size, companies are constantly looking to increase productivity, efficiency, and performance. Naturally, the implementation of new technology can accomplish that. However, while introducing new technologies are essential in running a successful company, how we choose to introduce those technologies can make or break their success.

A study at MIT Sloan Management Review reports that 63% of managers believe the pace of technological change in their workplaces is too slow, with the most cited obstacle for digital transformation being a lack of urgency. They also express that the benefits of newly introduced tools are poorly communicated. With the need to constantly improve productivity often comes the pressure to find the correct technology and to have it integrated in a timely manner. But if we handle this process incorrectly, it can be disastrous. It’s important to have a progressive digital culture without compromising the success of the new technology we choose.

This is my very first effort on defining Checksheets for Internet of Everything (IoE) projects. This effort comes out of an amalgamation of years of experience in the industry coupled with discussions with many other experts in the same field like so: business analysis, architecting, coding, testing, system integration, project management and transition.

Now you might assume that this book might be helpful only for startups. However, I would like to emphasize a bit on my words and will say that this book is not only useful for startups but also to strategists, business analysts, project managers, architects, developers, testers, and quality assurance professionals that will certainly help set some good standards in their teams and perform their tasks effectively in line with industry’s best practices.

No matter what technology you choose to drive progress and efficiency for your company, these steps will set the stage for a successful transition and implementation.

AUTHOR

Sugumaran RS Ramachandran is an Active Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He is the Vice-Chair of the Executive Committee and Organizing Chair for Professional Activities and Industrial Relations (PAIR) of the IEEE Consultants Network Malaysia (IEEE CN MY). He is also a Certified Train-The-Trainer (TTT) of the Ministry of Human Resources. A pioneer in Training, Development and Education with more the forty-five (45) years of experience.

He represented Malaysia at the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) on Best Practices For Public-Business Sector Partnership In Skills Development organized by Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia, Ministry of International Trade & Industry Malaysia and the Economic Planning Unit Malaysia.

After pursuing a Degree in Bachelors of Engineering (Hons) in Electronics Engineering, he started his career as a Technical Lecturer teaching Digital Electronics, Computer Technology, System Analysis and Design, Computer Programming and Industrial Management in Technical Colleges.

He also has a Diploma in Management Practice, Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Science and Applications, Post Graduate Diploma in Management/Administrative Studies and a Master in Business Administration.

He had also lectured and was an Internal Examiner for The Association of Business & Administrative Computing (ABAC), Association of Computer Professionals (ACP), Association of Business Executives (ABE) and the National Computing Centre (NCC) in the United Kingdom.

He was the Manager/Course Coordinator and Trainer for the Institute of Supervisory Management, UK in Malaysia giving Lectures and Training in Production Management - Critical Path Analysis, Operations Research and Work Study/Time Study at Certificate and Diploma levels. Subsequently he became a Training Specialist specifically to Multi-National Companies.

He had worked for the Government under the Economic Planning Unit of the Prime Minister’s Department in a tripartite joint project between the Federal Government, State Government and the Private Sector of the Manufacturing Industry as its Chief Executive Director.

As the Chief Executive Officer his functions included :

To provide Training and Dissemination of Information that will assist the manufacturing industry in keeping abreast with changes in technologies, enhancing productivity and quality and as well as encouraging entrepreneurial development within the industry.

To establish a Reliable Skills Training Centre where the manufacturing industry can look towards meeting its needs whilst at the same time serving as a springboard for entrepreneurial development especially in joint ventures.

Meeting the Training Needs of manufacturers by equipping their employees with skills and knowledge needed to carry out their assigned jobs effectively.

Upgrading Existing Technical Skills and Knowledge of the manufacturing industry to enable it to anticipate constant technological changes and to keep abreast with technological advancements.

To Enhance the Industry-Academia Engagement and promote healthy collaborations and interactions between the two sectors and Evaluate the Professional status of technical professionals and help them to strive in their career and groom young and talented to be ready for industry demand.

He was solely responsible in setting up the Technical Training Campus with the State-of-the-Art Equipment to uplift the Skills Level of the Manufacturing Industry which was a benchmark for Skills Centres in the country.

He had also facilitated in setting up numerous Manufacturing Plants in Renewable/Alternative Energy and a number of Joint Ventures specifically with China in Derivative Oil and Automotive CKD Truck Assembly Plant.

Presently he is a Consultant/Trainer in Industrial Revolution 4.0. He has also written a number of Training Manuals and recently on ‘Beyond Industrial Revolution 4.0, Digital Transformation, Industrial Internet of Things and Fourth Industrial Revolution – Why Should You Care ‘

ACRONYM

INTRODUCTION

HOW IT All STARTED

Traditional industry is currently undergoing a digital transformation and industrial processes are increasingly merging with modern information Technology.

If you are in the manufacturing world, you may be aware of the more and more commonly used term Industry 4.0.

What is Industry 4.0 and what is the history behind it?

It is a paradigm shift made possible by technological advances which constitute a reversal of conventional production process logic. Simply put, this means that industrial production machinery no longer simply ‘process’ the product but that the product communicate with the machinery to tell it exactly what to do.

WHAT IT MEANS

• Products are Carriers of Information

• They Steer themselves through Production Process

• Connects Real and Virtual World

DEFINITION

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) or Industrie 4.0. 0 0. 0 0. Industry 4.0 (Industrie 4.0 in German) is a German government initiative strongly focused on Germany and characterized by the Cyber Physical Production Systems. It identifies with the unfolding fourth industrial revolution.

Industry 4.0 is a name for the current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. It includes cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things, cloud computing and cognitive computing. ... Industry 4.0 creates what has been called a smart factory.

An extract :

"Smart Industry or "INDUSTRIE 4.0" refers to the technological evolution from embedded systems to cyber-physical systems. INDUSTRIE 4.0 represents the coming fourth industrial revolution on the way to an Internet of Things, Data and Services"

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WHAT IS DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY ?

Disruptive technology is an innovation that significantly alters the way that consumers, industries, or businesses operate. A disruptive technology sweeps away the systems or habits it replaces because it has attributes that are recognizably superior.

Disruptive innovation is defined as technology that is capable of disrupting an already established market by following a set of patterns. An innovation that is originally focused on a niche and with the passing of time achieves a good share of the market, overtaking the previous one.

In simple terms disruptive technology is a new technology that significantly changes the way an existing market or industry operates. Disruptive technologies are often initially met with resistance from incumbent businesses because they threaten to upend the status quo. However, over time, they can completely transform how an industry function. Some examples of disruptive technologies include personal computers, online shopping, and ride-sharing apps.

Here is a list of top disruptive technologies we are seeing in 2023

1. 3D Printing

2. 5G and Improved Connectivity

3. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

4. Automation and Robotics

5. Cyber Security Advances

6. Edge Computing

7. Virtual and Augmented Reality

8. Headless Tech

9. The Rise of As-a-Service Computing

10. The Work-From-Home Revolution

11. Voice-Activated Searches

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SMART MANUFACTURING

The SMLC definition states, "Smart Manufacturing is the ability to solve existing and future problems via an open infrastructure that allows solutions to be implemented at the speed of business while creating advantaged value."

Smart Manufacturing is being predicted as the next Industrial Revolution.

DIGITALISATION - Digitalization is the integration of digital technologies into everyday life by the digitization of everything that can be digitized. The literal meaning of digitalization gives an apparent idea of development and technology dependent world.

CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEM - A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a mechanism that is controlled or monitored by computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its users.

The history of Industry 4.0 tracks the manufacturing industry from the industrial revolution to the digital transformation and beyond. Each new stage represents a revolution in the manufacturing process that has changed the way we think about and work in the industry.

THE PHASES of INDUSTRIALISATION

Designation of workers by collar color

Groups of working individuals are typically classified based on the colors of their collars worn at work; these can commonly reflect one’s occupation or sometimes gender. White-collar workers are named for the white-collared shirts that were fashionable among office workers in the early and mid-20th century. Blue-collar workers are referred to as such because in the early 20th century, they usually wore sturdy, inexpensive clothing that did not show dirt easily, such as blue denim or cambric shirts. Various other collar descriptions exist as well.

Other classifications

Some job categories involve duties that fall under one or more of the categories listed below. These categories include:

• Red collar – Government workers of all types derived from compensation received from red ink budget. In China, it also refers to Communist Party officials in private companies.

• Purple collar – Skilled workers, typically someone who is both white and blue collar; an example is information technology workers. They are principally white-collar, but perform blue-collar tasks with some regularity, such as engineers and technicians.

• New collar – develops technical and soft skills needed to work in the contemporary technology industry through nontraditional education paths

• No collar – Artists and free spirits who tend to privilege passion and personal growth over financial gain. This term was popularized on the reality game show Survivor: Worlds Apart, which used No Collar (in addition to White and Blue Collar as the tribal divisions); also, people who work, but not for payment.

• Orange collar – Prison laborers, named for the orange jumpsuits commonly worn by inmates.

• Green collar – Workers in a wide range of professions relating to the environment and renewable energy.

• Scarlet collar – Workers in the sex industry

• Brown collar – Military personnel

• Steel collar - Robots, particularly in manufacturing that typically replace blue collar jobs.

• Black collar – Manual laborers in industries in which workers generally become very dirty, such as mining or oil-drilling;[9][13] has also been used to describe workers in illegal professions.

• Grey collar – workforce that isn’t classified in blue collar nor white collar. It is occasionally used to describe elderly individuals working beyond the age of retirement, as well as those occupations incorporating elements of both blue- and white-collar.

WHAT IS A NEW COLLAR JOB?

The term "new collar job" was coined by IBM CEO Ginni Rometty, and is a play on white collar and blue collar jobs, which refer to professional and vocational jobs respectively. IBM has led the movement for new collar technology jobs, but other companies have also caught on.

New collar jobs are occupations which focus more on a candidate’s skills during the hiring process, rather than his or her level of education. New collar jobs do not necessarily require a traditional four-year college degree and are mostly found in the information technology (IT), manufacturing and healthcare industries.

Although new collar jobs do not require a four-year degree, they often do require other types of vocational training and certifications. This training is usually completed at community colleges, vocational and technical high schools and other vocational training programs, as well as occasionally through the company itself.

INDUSTRY 1.0 – THE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

It all began with the first industrial revolution, or what most historians refer to as simply The Industrial Revolution. This was when the primary means of manufacturing moved from manpower to machine power.

Fuel sources like steam and coal made machine-use more feasible, and the idea of manufacturing with machines quickly spread. Machines allowed faster and easier production, and they made all kinds of new innovations and technologies possible as well.

Industry 2.0 – The Technological Revolution

The first Industrial Revolution represented the period between the 1760s and around 1840. This is where the second industrial revolution picked up. Historians sometimes refer to this as The Technological Revolution, where superior electrical technology allowed even greater production and more sophisticated machines.

Industry 3.0 – The Digital Revolution

Although we usually don’t think of the 1950s as the period in which our world became digital, it was here where the digital revolution began with the first computers. These early computers were often very simple, unwieldy and incredibly large relative to the computing power they were able to provide, but they laid the groundwork for a world today that one is hard-pressed to imagine without computer technology.

Industry 4.0 – The Automation Revolution

We now have arrived at Industry 4.0, a term first coined in Germany at the Hannover Trade Fair in 2011 by Bosch. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the level of automation that we have achieved, where machines can often largely govern themselves, in many ways by using internet technologies, or the Internet of things. Other features of Industry 4.0 include the use of cloud technology and the importance of big data.

Proponents of Industry 4.0 refer to the concept in terms akin to the smart home — a network of smart factories, so to speak. In a smart home, the various luxuries and security features of a modern-day residence — lights, appliances, alarms, clocks — are enhanced with digital capabilities, such as sensing, scanning, programming memory and voice and facial recognition.

Likewise, Industry 4.0 integrates the following innovations of fourth-generation, computerized technology into the factory setting:

Cyber-physical system — a mechanical device that is run by computer-based algorithms.

The Internet of things (IoT) — interconnected networks of machine devices and vehicles embedded with computerized sensing, scanning and monitoring capabilities.

Cloud computing — offsite network hosting and data backup.

Cognitive computing — technological platforms that employ artificial intelligence.

THE NINE PILLARS OF INDUSTRY 4.0

• 1 Big Data Analytics

• 2 Autonomous Robots

• 3 Simulation

• 4 Horizontal and Vertical Integration

• 5 Additive Manufacturing

• 6 Industrial Internet of Things

• 7 Cyber Security

• 8 The Cloud

• 9 Augmented Reality

THE NINE PILLARS

1. Big data and analytics. There are still massive sets of untapped data in the industrial world. Their analysis will optimize production quality, save energy, and improve services. Here as well, the goal is to allow real-time decision-making.

2. Autonomous robots. Long used to tackle complex tasks, robots provide an ever-wider range of services and are becoming more autonomous, flexible, and cooperative. They will interact with one another and work safely with humans (the term "COBOTICS" is used to describe robots helping operators perform their tasks). Eventually, they will be able to learn from humans.

3. Simulation. 3D simulation of product development, material development and production processes will become widespread. It will leverage real-time data to mirror the physical world in a virtual model that will include machines, products, and humans. Operators will be able, for example, to test and optimize the machine settings for the next product even before production starts, thereby reducing machine setup times and improving quality.

4. Horizontal and Vertical System Integration. Today, information systems are not fully integrated. Companies are rarely connected with their suppliers and customers. Engineering design departments are seldom linked directly to production within its own organization. But with Industry 4.0, the entire organization will be interconnected, and companies will be connected with one another.

5. Additive manufacturing. Companies have just begun to adopt 3D printing for prototyping and unit production. With Industry 4.0, these technologies will be chosen for their very high performance in producing small batches of customized products. Decentralized systems will reduce transportation and inventory management costs.

6. The Industrial Internet of Things. Few machines are currently fitted with sensors and interconnected. With the Industrial Internet of Things, an ever-greater number of products will incorporate intelligence and be connected using standard protocols. This will decentralize analytics and decision-making, enabling real-time responses.

7. Cybersecurity. The days of closed, unconnected operational management systems are over. Connectivity and communication protocols are becoming the norm. Protecting information systems and manufacturing lines from cybercrime threats is becoming a critical issue. Sophisticated identity and machine access management systems will be used to provide secure, reliable communications.

8. The Cloud. The operating processes of Industry 4.0 require more data sharing across sites and companies. The performance of cloud technologies will improve, achieving response times of mere milliseconds. This will foster the development of an ever-greater number of Manufacturing Execution Systems (MESs) based on cloud-stored machine data.

9. Augmented Reality. Augmented-reality tools are still in their infancy, but they are paving the way for new services. For example, they will provide operators with the real-time information they need for faster decision-making and for improving work processes.

1. BIG DATA ANALYTICS

In an Internet 4.0 context, the collection and comprehensive evaluation of Data from many different sources – production, equipment and system as well as enterprise and customer management system will become standard to support real-time decision making

Big data is data sets that are so big and complex that traditional data-processing application software are inadequate to deal with them. Big data challenges include capturing data, data storage, data analysis, search, sharing, transfer, visualization, querying, updating, information privacy and data source.

Big data is a term that describes the large volume of data – both structured and unstructured – that inundates a business on a day-to-day basis. ... It’s what organizations do with the data that matters. Big data can be analyzed for insights that lead to better decisions and strategic business moves.

BIG DATA TECHNOLOGY

1. Apache Hadoop. Apache Hadoop is a java based free software framework that can effectively store large amount of data in a cluster. ...

2. Microsoft HDInsight. ...

3. NoSQL. ...

4. Hive. ...

5. Sqoop. ...

6. PolyBase. ...

7. Big data in EXCEL. ...

8. Presto.

9. Hadoop is an open-source software framework for storing data and running applications on clusters of commodity hardware. It provides massive storage for any kind of data, enormous processing power and the ability to handle virtually limitless concurrent tasks or jobs.

10. Hadoop is not a type of database, but rather a software ecosystem that allows for massively parallel computing. It is an enabler of certain types NoSQL distributed databases (such as HBase), which can allow for data to be spread across thousands of servers with little reduction in performance.

2. AUTOMONOUS ROBOTS

Robots will eventually interact with one another and work safely side by side with humans and learn from them. These Robots will cost less and have a greater range capabilities then those used in Manufacturing today.

Definition - What does Autonomous Robot mean?

An autonomous robot is a robot that is designed and engineered to deal with its environment on its own, and work for extended periods of time without human intervention. Autonomous robots often have sophisticated features that can help them to understand their physical environment and automate parts of their maintenance and direction that used to be done by human hands.

Below is a full list of jobs that are have been replaced, being replaced, or being assisted by robots and computers.

• Assembly-line and factory workers. ...

• Bus drivers, Taxi drivers, and truck drivers. ...

• Phone operators, telemarketers, and receptionists. ...

• Cashiers. ...

• Bank tellers and clerks. ...

• Packing, stockroom, and warehouse moving.

Some examples of autonomous robots include autonomous cleaning robots like Roomba, medical delivery robots, and other robots that move freely around a physical space without being physically guided by humans. By contrast, when many people think of robots, it is of factory robots or others that are in a fixed workstation, or those that are controlled by a human user.

Autonomous robots typically go about their work without any human interaction unless that human interaction is necessary as part of their task. Many of these robots have sensors and other functional gear that helps them to see any obstacles in their way, or navigate rooms, hallways or some other sort of environment. Complex delivery robots can even be programmed to use elevators and move throughout a multi-story building with complete autonomy. However, autonomous robots still need to be maintained physically.

Simpler mobile robots use infrared or ultrasound sensors to see obstacles. These sensors work the same way as animal echolocation: The robot sends out a sound signal or a beam of infrared light and detects