Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I+ C a n Heat Stabilizer
a graphical interface and evaluate the data generated complexing agents. An initial screening design (2”2
from each design (9).The optimized formulations un- fractional factorial) is applied to determine the critical
dergo a performance assessment against Ba/Zn for- formulation variables for clear and filled applications.
mulations. Static thermal stability is tested using a The design pattern for each variable creates aliases,
Blue M Electric Forced Air oven at 191OC and color and the main effects may be confounded by interac-
readings are taken using a Minolta CR 200 colorimeter. tions that exist. The zinc carboxylate, calcium car-
Dynamic mill stability is measured by milling a W C boxylate, and phosphite compound appear to have the
compound for a timeframe that ends when the film highest impact on stabilization in each PVC com-
adheres to the heated mill (185OC).Portions of the film pound. A full factorial design (23) is applied using the
are taken at 5-minute intervals and color readings are critical variables from the screening design. The de-
taken using the Minolta CR 200 colorimeter. Braben- sign space is optimized for each response in filled
der stability measurements are taken using a Braben- compounds (FQ.1). The variables, design pattern, and
der Plasti-Corder machine with a 60 g sample, a tem- responses are listed in the design matrix (Table1).
perature of 190°C, and mixer head #5 at 60 rpms. A The summaries of fit, parameter estimate, and effect
sample is pulled from the mixer head at 5-minute in- test values for each response are listed in the least
tervals and color readings are taken using the Minolta squares fit analysis (Table2 ) .
CR 200 colorimeter. The standard plate-out test meth- The levels of zinc carboxylate. calcium carboxylate,
od using the 2B red pigment is applied to the compari- and phosphite compound are optimized for clear (Ca*)
son between Ba/Zn and Ca/Zn technologies, and it is and filled (Ca**) W C compound in each application.
quantified by using a-values from the Minolta CR 200
colorimeter. The L*a*b values that are generated from
the colorimeter readings are used in the evaluation.
172 JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY, SEPTEMBER 2002, Yo/. 8, No. 3
Advances in Stabilization of Flexible W C
I
T
I ,
2.75 4.1'25
I
,825
.
1.2375 4 . k 4.65
j 1. :
Dynamic2 Brabende$
tween short, mid and long chain length acids must be Stabilizer Plate
maintained. The novel calcium intermediate imparts Sample' Clear Filled Clear Filled Out3
an internal lubricating functionality and a rapid ex- Ca' - 53.16 - 7.09 -4.30
change anion via the fatty acid and carbonate, respec- Ca" 15.07 - 1.37 - -3.92
tively. This dynamic functionality may reduce the force Ba' - 31.63 - 6.67 -2.13
of shear and accelerate the stabilization mechanism. W" 19.38 - 0.97 - -0.67
It is worth mentioning that the novel calcium interme- 'Ca" and Ba" were developed for clear applications, whereas Ca' and Ba' were
diate is a heavy-metal-free, phenol-free, low-viscosity, developed for filled.
*Dynamic and Brabender pedormance values equal the inverse slope of a line formed
mild-odor, mild-color, shelf-stable. isotropic, and ther- from b-values as a function of time.
modynamically stable liquid with high metal content. 'A stabilizer with batter plate-out resistanceyields a more negative a-value.
174 JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY, SEPTEMBER 2002, Vol. 8, No. 3
Advances in Stabilization of Flexible W C
15
7
l
ll-
l__
l
.
4
=?
0
10
5
0 10 20 30
Time (min!
Fig. 5. mdynamicstability.
Fig. 4. clear dynamic stability.
JOURNAL OF VINYL & AIDDKIVE TECHNOLOGY, SEPTEMBER 2002, Vd. 8, No. 3 175