CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

This chapter will base on describing the methodology of the study and overall plan in which data
collection and analyzing process including research design, target population, the area of the
study, sample, sampling procedures and instrument of data collection, data analysis and lastly
ethical consideration.

3.1 Research design

Research design: is an arrangement of condition for collection and analyzing of data in the
manner that combine relevant to research purposes with economy in procedure (Kothari, 2004).

The study employed will mix approaches as both qualitative and quantitative research
approaches in collection of data. Quantitative data are information which are presented in
numbers while qualitative data are given in words. It will help the researcher to comprehend the
problem and view it holistically as the researcher will be able to observe the subjects in their
setting without inconveniencing their activities.

The study will adopt the descriptive research design. This is because, it is concerned with
specific predictions, narration of facts and characteristics concerning individual, group or
situation. Descriptive design allows the researcher to gather relevant information (data) to fulfill
the objectives of the study.

3.2 Population

Tucjman (1994:238), defines population as a group about in which researcher interested in

gathering information and drawing conclusion. The target population of this study will include
religious leaders, .district and ward leaders as well as parents. Religious leaders are selected
because at church and mosque are performing their daily activities on harmonizing people and
bring peace in the society. District and ward leaders are selected because their duties and
 responsibilities in maintaining peace of the society. Parents are selected because of being
affected with youth’s social evils.

3.3 Area of the study

The study will be conducted in Kaliua district which is one of the seven districts in Tabora region
as case study to present the whole Tanzania and it is this region because its population
accessibility unlike other regions. It is in this area which is highly affected by youth’s social evils
like theft. Another reason for the choice of the area is that no similar research has been done
there in past.

3.4 Sample size

Sample size is a part of large body selected to represent the whole (Bhujel, 2008:79). According
to Kothari, (2004:56) sample size is the number of items selected from universe to constitute a
sample. The size of the sample should be exclusive large not too small. In this study the
researcher prefers to take a sample of 15 respondents so as to be effective and efficiency to carry
out the study and also for effective data collection and management. The sample of 20
respondents will be selected.

Table 3.1: Below shows the respondents

Respondents Quality Percentage Techniques of data

(%) collection

Religious leaders 9 45% Interview

District and ward 5 25% Questionnaires

leaders

Parents 6 30% Interview

Total 20 100%

3.5 Sampling Procedures

Sampling procedures refers to total part of the research plan that indicates how cases are to be
selected for the observation (Kombo 1958:78). This study will employ the following procedures
to get a sample.

3.5.1 Simple Random Sampling

Simple random sampling is a method of selecting respondents in which members of the group
(population or universe) have an equal and independent chance of being selected. In this study 6
religious institutions in Kaliua district will be randomly selected into the study. The procedure of
choosing the religious institutions will be conducted by writing names of all institutions on the
separate pieces of paper and folding them. The folded pieces of paper will put in a container and
thoroughly mixed and the selection will be by picking one piece of paper at a time to pick. In a
case of selecting ward leaders, a researcher will list alphabetically for women and men, a
researcher will pick name from each list respectively.

3.6.2 Purposive sampling

Purposive sampling is a form of non- probability sampling in, which decisions concerning
individuals to be included in the sample are taken by the researcher, based on the criteria which
may include specialist knowledge of the issue, or capacity and willingness to participate in
research.

3.7 Data collection Instruments

The tools which are used by researcher in collecting data are Questionnaires, Interviews and
documentation. According to Sekaran (1992) the choice of data collection methods depend on
facilities available, degree of accuracy required, the expertise of research, the time span of the
study, the cost and resources associated with the available data.

3.7.1 Questionnaire

The researcher will prepare a number of questions to be answered by a respondent which will
comprise series of open ended questions and close ended question. This technique is used to
collect data from parents and religious leaders, the advantage of this instrument is that, will help
the researcher to collect a lot of information from many respondents within a short period of
time. Questionnaire method is employed in this study because the method is very accurate and
also it covers a large area and saves time to obtain data.

3.7.2 Interview

Kothari (2007) Interview involves the face to face information with respondents. This method
will provide more chance to collect information directly from respondents. Also the information
which will be gathered from interview though non-verbal and verbal language will be recorded
either that by tape recorder or by writing down in a note book. The study will use personal
interview that is asking questions generally in face to face contact with respondents in collecting
information from religious leaders and parents. The method will be used because there is greater
flexibility for researcher to restructure questions so as to obtain more and accurate information
about the study.

3.7.3 Documentary Analysis

The study will examine different papers and circulars from district education archives and
different libraries concerning the topic. The study also will use some text books, newspapers,
articles, speeches, journals, magazines and the like which concern, with contributions of
religious institutions in reducing social evils in the society in Tanzania.

3.8 Data Analysis

According to Mugenda (1999) data analysis is the process of bring order, structure and provides
meanings to the mass of information collected. However Kothari (2004) comment that after the
data have been collected the research turn to task of analyzing them. The data collected was
recorded and analyzing both qualitative method and quantitative method was employed. The
qualitative data which was collected and analyzed using questionnaire was edited, code, and
analyzed using Microsoft excel to compute percentage and tabulation. The percentage was
calculated according to the number of charts, tables and graphs and the qualitative data from
interview was recorded by taking notes using tape recorder. They were analyzed using narrative
and content analysis techniques. This helps to give in –depth information.

3.9 Ethical Implication

Ethical considerations means respecting the professional culture and moral aspect. The
researcher respects the professional and moral aspects of the people of the study area as the
permission to carry on the study which will be obtained from respondents. Permission is
approved by our college, where a letter of approval to go to conduct researcher is issued. A letter
from our college is submitted to regional Administrative secretary to write notifying letter to the
institutions from which data will be collected. Participants are required to participate willingly.
Also participants will assures degree of privacy and confidentiality of their responses and
information they will provide. The information provided will be used for researcher purpose
only.
 REFERENCES

Kothari C.R (2004) Research Methodology; Methods and Techniques 2nd edition. New Agelnt;
New Delhi.

Otto Y.W & Onen, D (2005) A General Guide to Write Research Proposal and Report. Kampala;
Options Press.