After each equipment is sized, the next step to do is to make the controller.

Controller is
designed to make the work easier and to maintain the process on the designated condition.
Controller take place in three different type which are sensor, transmitter, controller and actuator.
The sensor is used to see if the fixed variable is still in the range of acceptable, if it’s not acceptable
the sensor will send signal through the transmitter to the controller to activate the actuator to
activate in order to maintain the wanted variable. In this plant, the controller is done by P&ID.
Controller is described by each equipment, sub-process and as a whole. To maintain a safe and
reliable process on the plant, control system must be installed. Control system is installed based
on the 7 control objectives. Variables controlled on the process include pressure, temperature, and
flow rate. Startup and Shutdown procedures are accessed to make sure that proper and safe
operation can be achieved.

The startup and shutdown procedures must be written in such ways so that people can
understand how the plant works. In general, the startup procedures include checking all elements
on the plant (including control system and other instrument, pipelines, equipment, utilities,
electricity, etc.), main electricity startup, system pressurization, rising the temperature, and feed
introduction. There are 2 types of shutdown procedures: normal shutdown procedures and
emergency shutdown procedure. The main difference between those two is the time required to
shut down the whole plant. In emergency shutdown, less time is required to shut down the whole
plant compared to the normal shutdown. This has to be done in order to maintain the safety both
for personnel and for plant. Careful engineering consideration needs to be accounted in doing the
emergency shutdown. In general, the shutdown procedure include maintaining the flow at low rate,
decreasing the temperature, stopping the static moving equipment, stopping the rotary equipment,
and letting the system to depressurize.