INTERNET AND ITS IMPACTS

Internet today has become an inseparable part of our lives and irrespective of our age,
profession as well as field. We are making use of the internet in some way or the other. Out of
all the people who use internet for fulfilling their everyday needs, requirements as well as
entertainment purposes, teenagers are often seen to be the biggest contributors to the use of
internet. Today parents have least control over the type of content their kids are exposed to on
the internet and with the increasing number of teenagers who are finding their way towards
internet; it certainly has become a topic of concern as well as fear for their parents. With
virtual relationships and friendships given more relevance over the real ones, it is high time
that we regulate the extent of internet exposure provided to our children.
Negative & positive impacts of internet
Addiction is one of the prime reasons why teenagers are discouraged from spending more
time on the internet that required. Once a teenager gets addicted to the several social
networking websites as well as the adult content present on the internet, it is needless to say
that their social and academic skills are going to be largely affected by it. Studies show that
children who spend more time on the internet as compared to the time spent with their friends
and families become recluse as they grow. Not only this, they also start losing internet in their
studies and as a result become a target of social stigma which weighs an individual’s worth
and calibre on the basis of the marks obtained by them
Apart from this, teenagers who are new on the internet often see it as a playground where they
have endless things to try and explore. This leads to addiction and them drifting towards
exploring different stuff on the internet which involves several chatting websites and content
which can leave a deep impression on their young as well as developing minds. For instance,
teenagers are seen getting into relationships with people they hardly know on the internet and
thus begin the trauma which these young people should not go through at this age, not to
forget the impact it has on their academic and social lives.
However, we cannot deny the fact that internet also comes with its set of positives as well.
With the huge amount of information present on the internet, teenagers can use it to great
extents for academic purposes. It will keep them connected with the outside world which will
help them in staying informed about everything that is happening around the world.
Putting it in simple words, we can say that internet is good for teenagers as far as its use is
regulated and they are taught about the positives as well as negatives from the beginning.
They should be told not to convert it into an addiction. Remember that internet is needful for
their academic growth and social development but it is never a necessity.
Internet has made our life easy, comfortable, pleasurable and luxurious. Internet will strangle
our young generation and lead them to success in their life.
Essay on Education Quotes
Education is an important aspect of our lives, while some of us take it for granted, there are
others who crave and struggle to get it. From Albert Einstein to Nelson Mandela, Every
famous personality has time and again stressed on the importance of education in our lives.
Quotes of famous personalities on education:
1. “Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think.” Albert
Einstein.
2. “Education is an ornament in prosperity and a refuge in adversity” Aristotle
3. “Books won't stay banned. They won't burn. Ideas won't go to jail. In the long run of
history, the censor and the inquisitor have always lost. The only sure weapon against bad
ideas is better ideas. The source of better ideas is wisdom. The surest path to wisdom is a
liberal Education.” Alfred Whitney
4. “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” Nelson
Mandela.
The main aim of education is to develop all the faculties of man, namely physical, mental and spiritual. The
body is virtually strengthened, the mind sharpened and spirit chastened. We can say that the very purpose of
education is the all-round development of a man. It verily transforms a man into a full, whole and integrated
entity. Thus, the objectives to be achieved through education and training are great in number and
comprehensive. Education helps in achieving and developing skills, abilities, insights and scientific temper.
Apart from literary appeal of education, there are so many other useful aspects as well and they are also very
important.
Education aims at developing and bringing out the best of a student’s inner personality without neglecting the
outer and material aspects. Education also makes its possessors capable of standing on their own feet and to
earn their living in a respectful manner. An educated person is always supposed to face the challenges of life
very bravely and successfully. If some person fails in making a meaningful contribution to the society and
country, he or she, in no way can be called properly educated.
Education should also aim at achieving national integration and a strong sense of unity and oneness among the
people of the country. In a country such as Pakistan, with such extreme diversity, it becomes all the more
vital. Every educated man and woman in Pakistan should be imbued with the sense of pride and oneness of
culture and heritage that always helped us in times of crisis and catastrophe as a nation. Whether it is Indian
aggression or any other crisis, the whole nation rose like one to face it successfully.
The developed countries like Japan, Canada, France, Germany and America, etc. are so because they have
been investing heavily in education for the last many years. This clearly shows that education is an essential
investment and input to realize the desired output. The long term returns and benefits of investment in
education have been quite marvelous. This is quite evident from the great growth and development of above-
named countries.
Briefly, education enlightens and broadens a person outlook. It proves helpful for the growth of democracy
and democratic institutions in the country. It creates and develops civic sense in the people. It gives birth to
tolerance and mutual accommodation. Good moral character, scientific temper, self-dependence, patriotism,
social and environmental awareness, singleness of purpose, fortitude and sense of human values, like
compassion, truth, pleasure, non-violence and charity are some of the sure fruits of education.
Air Pollution in Our Society
Nowadays pollution is a big problem in the world. Many people and many companies are
searching and creating new programs and strategies for avoiding pollution. Also the
governments are trying to find a solution. So it is important to know what we are doing with
our world. The effects of pollution are a lot but the main ones are the ozone pollution, the
death of the nature and then illnesses.
Ozone pollution is the biggest problem. Ozone pollution is really an increase in the
concentration of ozone in their air at UV (Ultraviolet) ground level. Because the sunlight has a
critical role in its formation, ozone pollution is principally a daytime problem in the summer
months. Ground-level ozone is produced when sunlight combines with hydrocarbons and
nitrogen oxide, two compounds produced by cars, trucks, factories, and power generating
plants and found wherever gasoline, diesel or natural gas are combusted. So these gases are
going to affect our life.
Another effect is that the nature is dying. Some air pollutants harm plants and animals
directly. Other pollutants harm the habitat, food or water that plants and animals need to
survive. When air pollution causes acid rains, plants that rely on rain water to live and grow
are endangered. However all these pollutants are causing changes to the places where plants
and animals live around the world?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 4 million people around the world
succumb to air pollution-related illnesses on an annual basis, due to toxic air quality levels
that go well beyond the standard guidelines outlined by the WHO
The next effects are the illnesses. People have no choice but to breathe the air around them.
When it is polluted, they breathe in ozone, particles, and harmful gases that can hurt their
lungs, heart and overall health. Air pollution can cause burning eyes and breathing problems,
such as asthma or severe bronchitis. Also ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer.
In Pakistan, without any government intervention or even social awareness campaigns –
informing citizens how to protect themselves from the toxic smog – the past few years have
seen an extraordinary rise in air pollution, particularly during the onset of winter. According
to a report by Lancet, a medical journal, approximately 22 percent of deaths in Pakistan each
year are attributed to air pollution.
In conclusion, pollution is really a big problem in the world because it is causing ozone
depletion, nature dying and many different illnesses. People are creating new projects that will
be good for the humanity. But, if we don’t take conscious steps about these problems, maybe
in the future we will have more problems. So we need to try to avoid pollution.

Man is the architect of his own fortune

You believe it or not but it is absolutely true that man is the architect of his own fortune. Now many people search
for how to become a successful person. If you do hard work then you must become successful person. If you want
to be rich then you have to work more than others with dedication. One of the great people has said that a man
can make or mar himself as her wishes. If a man puts his whole heart into his work and makes the best use of this
talent, is sure to succeed. Apart from this only a fool can think that wealth, fame and power will come to him for
the mere asking.
A person must try hard to become a successful person. He must refuse to accept defeat if he wants to build his
own fortune. Every man gets the result to his own actions. If he is hard-working, he will be rewarded for it. If he is
idle, he will have to suffer for his idleness. It is not the stars that decide our fate. It is we who are responsible for
what we are.

Any man is free to have a desire to raise high in the life. Or, one may desire to do lots of things or have enormous
wealth. A small child may desire to drip a car in the sky. Thus, there can be no limit to one’s desires. But here are
conditions for the fulfillment of human desires. If a student wastes his time and energy in gossips, he cannot
achieve a good result of wishing. For example, an idler cannot be wealthy. The fulfillment for a desire is always in
proportion to one’s worth or ability one is to be first sure that he possesses the necessary quality or merit. Only
then one should desire anything. It is rightly said, “First deserve, then desire”. These are the few examples but
best for those who really want to become a successful person. It proves that man is the architect of his own
fortune.

Essay
"Faber est quisque fortunae suae" is a Latin phrase that translates into "Every man is the architect of his own
future". I honestly believe that we ourselves determine our future and that we are not limited by anything but
ourselves. With the right principles, family, and courage I trust that any person can achieve success. We are
greatly influenced, both positively and negatively, by the people around us and it is our job to distinguish
between the two.
I have realized that my strength, both moral and mental, have derived from my mother who has always told
me it is better to endure than to give up. She also told me that strength is not measured by muscles or weight,
yet by personal ethics and honestly.
My mother encouraged me to set my own morals rather than to follow other's. She nudged me in the right
direction when she saw I was straying to determine what is good and bad. She also taught me to never look
the other way when someone needs help. It is because of her that I decided to become an active volunteer in
my community by volunteering with Habitat for Humanity, United Way, March of Dimes, and other groups to
help people that need it.
My father proves that the quest for knowledge never ends. He is eager to learn about anything and he passed
this trait to me. Ever since elementary school, I had a passion for learning and art because of my father. Ever
since I received my first box of crayons at age 4, I became obsessed with drawing and knew that this is
something that I will do forever. Though I do understand that I am no Picasso, I love art in its many forms
from painting, photography, and sculptures and I understand that you do not have to be great at something to
love it. To quench my thirst for knowledge I decided to enter the International Baccalaureate program as my
father hoped I would. Here I became immersed with knowledge, culture, independence, and free thinkers that
all loved this pursuit of knowledge. Though neither of my parents had the money to attend college, they
greatly impacted my educational and moral career. They have instilled in me morals and sense of
individualism that I will carry on into my college career at Florida State University and throughout my entire
life. Both Vires and Artes impacted me and made me the independent, free thinking, and moral person that I
am today. Though it is only me that controls my future, my family has greatly influenced my life.

Essay topics: Students should choose subjects for themselves?

Curriculum enables children what they want to become in future. It sets their future directions,
if the pupils will choose their subjects. However, they would make mistakes, because they are
too immature to decide curriculum on their own. They will choose easy, interesting and
unimportant subjects.

On the other hand, this decision will be made problem by students for school; hire too many
teachers, because every student have their different subjects. Therefore, it is not practiced
anywhere in the world.

Subjects are decided by curriculum boards are better for children's education. Otherwise
pupils will make their studies too simple, because in school age children are senseless. To
decide, what is good for their professions and what is not? They will leave important subjects
by easy subjects. So, the child will not be able to get a quality education for the future.

In addition, If children will choose the subjects for their studies on their own. Maybe they can
study well, because they are interested in these subjects those they have chosen. Teachers will
no longer need to increase student’s interest for study. Students will create problems for
schools, because schools will hire many teachers and examiners, single teacher for single
students. However, many examiners will require for checking varied sorts of copies in exams.

In conclusion, I think that the boards should decide the subjects in the student's course.
Because there is a group of experienced and highly educated professors. Those have skills to
decide important subjects by the students' interest and liking.
The changing role of women in today`s world
What you probably haven’t thought much about, though, is the lives of women editors and reporters. A study that was
done in Washington, D.C., found that in general women have fared as well as men in the news media. Assignments are
equal; their stories are just as prominently displayed. Their pay is about the same. They feel equally respected.
"There are three main reason of the changing role of Women in the world, first is poverty, second is education, and
third is as a responsibility for home and family matters"
Main Points:
1. Poverty
70% of the world's poor are women
80% of the world’s refugees are women and girls
Women own one per cent of the world's resources and earn one-tenth of the world's income
2. Responsibility for home and family matters
Their husband cannot work anymore
To support the economics condition of their family

3. Education
The increasing of education level for Women
Promotes equality for Women
The emerge of Women leader in some country
The Changing Role of Women in Today's World Condition

Human being divided into two kinds, first is Men and second is Women. Men and Women have different rights and
obligation. In general Men has an obligation to take care of Women, Men has a responsible to the Women in economic
and security in particularly, because Women are weaker rather than Men. Nowadays the circumstance has been change,
Women have different obligation compare to in the earlier period, when in the earlier period Women's role is just focus
on household area and they are prohibit to have a job but nowadays the role of the women have been changing
furthermore emerge with the role of men and these condition become more obvious since the beginning of the
globalization era. There are three main reasons causes the changing role of Women in the world, first is poverty, second
is as a responsibility for home and family matters and third is education.
Poverty has become one of the most serious problems happen in the world, poverty causes many victims. Working poor
woman in Cambodia cited in Narayan on 2000 about poverty, she said;

"Poverty means working for more than 18 hours a day, but still not earning enough to feed myself, my husband, and my
two children." (1)
The existence of poverty are unavoidable in today world, this problems become one of the reasons of changing role of
women, there are facts regard to the condition of the women that "Seventy per cent (70%) of today poor people are
women"(2), and this situation had been ignites the women to moved out from this grief, they start to work and find a job
for their selves. Another survey clarify that "eighty per cent (80%) of the world’s refugees are women and girls"(3), this
situation could be happen because of some reasons such as they become victims of a disaster, they lost their entire
family and the results they becomes the refugees, this condition also become one of the source of the poverty in the
world. The next reason is because "women own only one per cent of the world's resources and earn one-tenth of the
world's income"(4), this circumstance trigger most of the women to have a bigger role in the world, they start to think
that they also needs money for their own life. Poverty has become very serious problems in today's world circumstance
and most of the victims are women, this condition turn into the source of the role changing of women.
Responsibility for home and family matters becomes the other reason of the changing role of women in today world.
Susan M. Heathfield has been predicting;

"The number of women will continue to increase in the workforce. Women will continue to have primary responsibility
for home and family matters, thus affecting work attendance negatively"(5)

Related to the today world's circumstance, the prediction from Susan M. Heathfield is true, nowadays most of the
women intentionally change their role as a responsibility to their family, most of the women start to work or find a job
when their husband cannot work anymore, it can be cause of their husband had been fired from the company or their
husband had been pass away and the women itself turn into a widow. Some of the women start to have a job as purpose
to support the economic condition of their family, because of the salary of their husband cannot fulfill the needs of their
family. Starting from that point the women begin to have a job to survive her children and her family from the poverty.
The responsibility to home and family matters has become the motive of the changing role of the women in today's
situation.

Education is one of the most important matter in the globalization era in particular, it also turn into the causes of the
changing role of women in today's world condition. The increasing level of education for women in today's world has
been trigger the changing role of the women, the statistic from United States Department of Labor declared that,
"persons aged 25 years and older, 29 percent of women and 30 percent of men had attained a bachelor's degree or
higher; 31 percent of women and men had completed only high school, no college"(6), this situation makes the women
start to think that they have a right to have a job like a man because they already obtain same level of education, they
would like to promotes the equality for the women, and the results is the emerge of women's leader in some country in
today's world politics such as Hillary Clinton on United States. This situation had proven that the education has become
one of the causes of the changing role of women in today's world situation.

Although the changing role of women has been a new idea in this today's circumstance in order to solving some of the
problems happen in this world and also have some beneficial impacts to the world, it still acquire some refusal from
certain group of communities, they think that this idea has been collide the nature role of women and also break some of
the guidance from certain religion. The changing role of women will still continue increasing because of the spread of
globalization.

Advertisements Do More Harm Than Good

Advertisements do more harm than good. Do you agree? Justify your answer with reasons and examples. Advertising is
a form of communication intended to persuade an audience to purchase or take some action upon products, ideas, or
services. It includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could benefit the consumer, to
persuade a target market and to purchase or to consume that particular brand. Advertisement can be done by means of a
number of mediums such as newspapers, television, magazines, internet and in many others ways.

Advertising can also serve to communicate an idea to a large number of people in an attempt to convince them to take a
certain action. In my own opinion, advertisements do more good than harm. Why do I say so? Let’s see what the
advantages of advertisements below are. First of all, advertisements are good because it tells us about new products. If a
person cannot go shopping every day, he or she can have the information about new products and their comparative
merits over similar existing products in the market by watching television or reading newspapers.
In this case, advertisements are helpful because both buyers and sellers are benefited. Buyers can have a choice to buy
better products and deserving sellers increase their sales. Besides that, if there was not advertising then small businesses
would have no chance at all to make their product well known. Let’s say you have a good new product, if you can
market it in a clever way then it doesn’t matter how small your company is, you can still make consumers interested.
Moreover, advertising is a booming industry.

Our society is built around the idea that companies produce things that people want, and this is what makes us
prosperous. This contributes greatly to the economy of the country. If consumers suddenly stopped wanting to buy so
many products then what happens to the people whose job it is to make them? The economy will suffer terribly. In fact,
advertisements create competition among producers. As a result, they constantly try to upgrade the quality of their
products and services to outdo their rivals. This also encourages creativity and talent among the advertisers.

Advertising has a positive role to play in modern society, helping us choose between competing goods. Many adverts
are drawing our attention to products with new features, for example more powerful computers, telephones which are
also cameras and music players, or foods with added vitamins. Other adverts try to compete on price, helping us seek
out the cheapest or best value products. In most cases advertising does not make us go shopping. We would be planning
to buy food, clothes, gifts and entertainment anyway.

What advertising does is to help us make better decisions about how to spend our money, by giving us more information
about the choices available. In conclusion, I feel that it would be impossible and unwise to ban advertisements. I am
sure that it is growing very fast in contemporary society. Advertising promotes a product or service. It also encourages
economy to develop. We could say it is a necessary evil and a part and parcel of our lives. However, I feel that it is
important to control their influence. The government can do so by imposing stringent rules on advertising methods.

Causes of Pollution:
Air Pollution
It is the most prevalent and dangerous form of pollution especially considered to go
hand in hand with urbanization. There are many reasons to it. Primary among these is
the excessive fuel combustion which has become a basic necessity for cooking,
transport and other industrial activities. This releases umpteen no. of chemicals to the
air which are far from being removed from it. These are directly affecting our
existence.
Air pollution is believed to end lives of over 20 lakh people every year – a study,
published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, says.
Water Pollution
Every living being depends, directly, on water so this has taken a heavy toll on the
entire living population. Other than direct dependencies, more than 60% of the
species live in some form of water. Thus water pollution is another major type of
pollution that needs to be curbed.
Water pollution not only harms the aquatic beings but it also contaminates the entire
food chain by severely affecting humans dependent on these. Water-borne diseases
like cholera, diarrhoea have also increased in all places.
Soil pollution
Also known as Land Pollution, this occurs due to incorporation of unwanted
chemicals in the soil due to human activities. Use of insecticides and pesticides
absorbs the nitrogen compounds from the soil making it unfit for plants to derive
nutrition from. Release of industrial waste, mining and deforestation also exploits the
soil. Since plants can’t grow properly, they can’t hold the soil and this leads to soil
erosion.
Food is a big contributor to landfill waste. Up to 40 percent of food produced in the
United States is trashed each year, according to the Natural Resources Defense
Council.
Commercial or industrial waste is a significant portion of solid waste. According to
the University of Utah, industries use 4 million pounds (1.8 million kg) of materials
in order to provide the average American family with needed products for one year.
Much of it is classified as non-hazardous, such as construction material (wood,
concrete, bricks, glass, etc.) and medical waste (bandages, surgical gloves, surgical
instruments, discarded needles, etc.). Hazardous waste is any liquid, solid or sludge
waste that contain properties that are dangerous of potentially harmful to human
health or the environment. Industries generate hazardous waste from mining,
petroleum refining, pesticide manufacturing and other chemical production.
Households generate hazardous waste as well, including paints and solvents, motor
oil, fluorescent lights, aerosol cans, and ammunition.
While the above three are most common forms of Pollution that we hear about, there
are few other forms of Pollution that have seemed to grow at an alarming pace these
days. Let us briefly look at what they are.
Noise pollution
It is caused when a noise which is of higher intensity than 85 db reaches our bare
ears. It may lead to psychological problems like stress & hypertension. It can also
lead to permanent hearing impairment, which is worse. It is mainly caused by loud
pumps and compressors in the chemical industries. Even marriage functions and rock
music concerts are often ignored contributors to this type of pollution.
Conclusion
Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems caused by human
activities that we should overcome to see a tomorrow and guarantee our
descendants a healthy life. There are many environmental concerns for
communities around the world to address. We should always remember
that pollution problems affect us all so each of us has to do his or her best
to help restore ecological balance to this beautiful place we call home.
Learn about the major polluters in your area to protect the air and water
where you live. Encourage people to stop pollution, tell them everything
you know about this problem, and protest local polluters together. The
masses should be educated on the danger of different types of pollution.
People should know everything about all consequences of the
environmental pollution in order to prevent the worst from happening. Let`s
protect the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the soil we use to grow
our food.

Should teenagers be given unrestricted freedom?

Teenage is a very crucial and significant stage of a child’s life. It is marked by a number of
changes regarding the development and nurturing of children, where parents play an
important role. A child in this stage undergoes various changes and parents start becoming
particular about their child’s studies, school life, peers and social development.
One of the questions at this point is invoked, if unrestricted freedom should be given to
children at this age? Certainly freedom should be granted to children so that they do not feel
under pressure. A stern attitude of the parents is not good for the children as it would
intimidate them and they would live a fearful life. Also it would make them more rebellious
because of the constant restrictions and interference in everything that they do.
Moreover it would provoke them to do all those activities which parents do not approve of
and this would make them disobedient and rowdy.
Also, there is a tendency for them to lie to their parents because of the barrier that parents
themselves create.

However, on the contrary, unrestricted freedom is also not a good idea as the children can
get spoiled. This can be a result of a bad company of friends at school, the neighborhoods or
elsewhere. Secondly, they don’t know what is right for them at this age; hence parental
control is necessary for them. Also, it is important for parents to keep a check on each &
every activity of their children, the places they visit, the friends they make and the company
they stay in. Apart from that parents should set certain boundaries for their children so that
they do not get indulged into bad habits such as smoking, drinking or stealing to name a few.
Additionally, there are issues pertaining to the social media and its services/applications such
as face book, msn, YouTube & others. These services are helpful for the children but only to a
certain extent. The drawbacks of these services need to be counter checked by parents. This
is because there are chances for the children to befriend unknown people or strangers
through these social media applications & can adopt bad habits and behaviors. Also there is a
lot of indecent, vulgar and cheap content available on the internet which can prove to be
harmful for the innocent mind or thinking skills of a child.
Therefore parents should definitely keep a check on their children & scrutinize them in
everything that they do as it is important for them. However the parents should make sure
that they do not adopt a very strict and autocratic manner of monitoring their children as it
would not benefit them but make them more disobedient.
If a space alien landed in your city during a holiday celebration
such as a national holiday or eid day what about would the alien
See and think
It was Eid day everyone was celebrating Eid day, suddenly a space ship appeared on
sky .Everyone was scared the ship landed and a strange looking creature came out of
the space ship. Everyone was scared and began to run towards their houses .the alien
was also scared due to noise of people and returned back.....

If an extra-terrestrial being from a distant planet in the space landed in our city
during a holiday celebration, he would be flabbergasted at such a mass wastage of
time, resources, money and energy and going off work for days together in the name
of celebrating an occasion that happened in the past long ago. He would be shocked
to see such a chaos of milling crowds in the markets, snarled up traffic of vehicles
honking horns unnecessarily. He would wonder at the squandering of priceless time
and resources which further deteriorate the already existing problems ailing our
society. He would be shocked to see the mass pollution drive undertaken by the
entire nation in the name of letting off firecrackers or fireworks knowing well that
the pollution levels are already critical. He would conclude that the planet he had
landed must have been inhabited by some insane species of homo sapiens, and ignite
his space craft and head back to his own planet in utter shock!

3rd response
Brilliant question! If aliens exist and they celebrate holidays, then we may venture some
guesses about them, and that will give us insight into them.
Holidays serve humans as landmarks or milestones along the life journey. As technologically
advanced as we are, many of our holidays are actually quite ancient and harken back to our
pre-technological roots. This fact reflects the persistence of holidays and the value we place
on traditions and “rites of passage” in the stages of our lives.
Examples of human holidays grounded in ancient festivals of the farming year and
astronomical dates include celebrations of the new year, such as the Persian holiday of
Nowruz, the Chinese New Year, and the Western New Year; seasonal holidays marking
springtime planting (eg., Easter), Summer Solstice or midsummer (eg., US Fourth of July,
French Bastille Day, Canada Day, and other summertime holidays masquerading in plain sight
as other things); the harvest season (eg., Thanksgiving), and the Winter Solstice (eg.,
Christmas, Yule.)
An alien culture that also celebrates holidays may have very different reasons for doing so; but
I think the simplest assumption is that if they were so very different, they would not have
holidays at all. So I would look for holidays that commemorate occasions in their own pre-
technological past.
If they reached sentience, then they too went through stages along the way; their own world’s
circuit around the sun may or may not include seasons, but as cyclic as our own experience of
nature is in agrarian and hunter-gatherer societies, theirs would almost certainly involve cyclic
recurrences of events related to their own hunting or farming. Identical to ours? Probably not,
but we may well find holidays originally based on migrations, the onset of climatic or
astronomical events, a welling of edible ocean life from cyclic currents or animal reproduction
cycles, or other such things.
Of course, some or all of these holidays, like many of our own, may have names or stated
purposes relevant to their current society; but like Halloween, occurring at late harvest time,
the origin may be ancient.
One might expect a technological society to have scientific holidays; but do we? Who
celebrates Newton Day or Einstein Day? We celebrate the same occasions that gave our
ancestors an excuse to rest from survival-related labours. These were occasions when mating
rituals might occur (Maypole, anyone?) The holidays arose for practical reasons - Yule
delighted children and heartened adults at the most dismally lifeless time of the year.
If aliens celebrate holidays, then we will surely find some common ground with them
regarding the way our ancestors built their lives around the struggle to survive.

Trees are our best friends

Trees are one of the most valuable gifts of nature. They are pleasant things in
the nature. Not only people get many things from trees, but also animals get
many things from trees. Planting a tree is very valuable thing to the world,
but many won't people don't realize this.

Actually, trees are our best friend. Not only when we had felt happy trees
help to us, but also when we had sad trees help to us. People live with the
help of trees. Trees provide good air for us, and trees provide rain for us.
Without trees there will be no rain. Without rain we can't grow our crops. As
well as they improve the beauty of nature. So, we must protect trees.

Today, Many people destroy trees. who are not wise people. They don't think
about the future. Without trees our earth will become a desert. Many people
fall trees for earn money. Not only their life destroyed, but also everyone life
will be destroyed.
Today, some countries have prohibited of cutting down trees by the
government. We also should protest against destroying of trees. We must also
join to planting a tree. And we can join to tree planting campaigns. So we
must love trees and we bound to protect it.

Influence of Media on students

Mass media plays a significant role in today’s world. It broadcasts
informationas fast as possible as well provides entertainment to massive
audiences. Mass Media comprises of press, television, radio, books and the
Internet. Media is one of the most influential aspects of our lives. Different
kinds of Medias are there which influence the common people. News paper,
T.V, Radio etc are the prominent Medias at present. Mass Medias have the
power to educate people through advertisement, visuals, clippings and film
slides. The propagation of ideas become very easy since it directly induces
comprehensive knowledge in common man. The news paper is useful only to
literate people where as T.V and radio covers all the human flock irrespective
of literate or illiterate. Among all the Medias T.V is the most important
device. People can understand facts from T.V simultaneously by hearing and
by viewing the programme. T.V exerts a feeling that the things are happening
in front of them. The media serves as a link between the government and the
people. The government policies and activities are conveyed to the people
.The views of people are forcefully expressed to make the authorities aware
of the public feelings. The media can perform its true role as a guardian of
public interest and a true source of all kind of information in a true
democracy. The media in the advanced society should perform a noble
mission of enlightening people. It can broaden the vision of people and
discourage sectarian, communal and divisive trends. Media should not resort
to sensationalism and distortion of truth. The influence of media is very great
since it can make or break the government.
Media has both negative and positive influences on students as it can be seen
from the points mentioned above. While I do not deny nor disregard the fact
that media has indeed made lives easier, its negative influences still outweigh
the positive ones in my opinion. As the famous saying goes, that everything
is good in moderation. Therefore the extensive usage of media is now leading
to more problems than the benefits it is providing us with.

The importance of Reading as a Habit

Reading is one of the most important habits one needs to develop in
life. It is rightly quoted that books are your best companions. Good
books can inform you, enlighten you and lead you to the right direction.
There is no better companion than a good book. Books give you a whole
new experience. Developing reading habit from early age leads to
enduring love for books.

Reading Importance and why it should be as a Habit:

1) Sharpens your Mind: Reading is vital for the development of brain as
it boosts your thinking and understanding. It enhances your critical
thinking and analytical skills. It also improves the brain function.
Reading gives you knowledge, information and new perception.
2) Self Improvement: Reading helps you develop positive thinking.
Reading is important because it develops your mind and gives you
excessive knowledge and lessons of life. It helps you understand the
world around you better. It keeps your mind active and enhances your
creative ability.
3) Reduces Stress: No matter how stressed or depressed you are due to
personal life, work or any other problem in your life, reading a good
book reduces your stress completely and enhances your mood. Reading
helps you calm down your mind, releases strain from the muscles and
slows down your heart rate.
4) Increases Knowledge: Active reading is the process that enables lifelong
learning. It is an avid thirst for knowledge. Books enable you to have
glimpse in to cultures, traditions, arts, history, geography, health,
psychology and several other subjects and aspects of life. You get
amazing amount of knowledge and information from books.
5) Develops your Analytical Skills: By active reading you explore several
aspects of life. It involves questioning what you read. It helps you
develop your thoughts and express your opinions. You engage your
mind in understanding and thinking higher. You start comparing your
perspective to the writer’s perspective. New ideas and thoughts pop up
in your mind by active reading. It stimulates and develops your brain
and gives you a new perspective.
6) Boosts your Imagination and Creativity: Reading takes you to the world of
imagination and enhances your creativity. Reading helps you explore
life from different perspectives. While you read books you are building
new and creative thoughts, images and opinions in your mind. It makes
you think creatively, fantasize and use your imagination.
7) Improves Communication: Active reading increases your vocabulary
exponentially. You learn the art of using words creatively and
effectively. You are able to communicate your thoughts and ideas
effectively. Overall it will boost your confidence and enhance your
communication skills.
8) Reading is Pleasure: Not only is reading important for knowledge and
information but it is an addiction. Once you indulge yourself into reading
a good book, you will surely get addicted to it. It offers intense pleasure
to read a good fiction and entre a whole new world. You go through
several new feelings and emotions while you read.
Conclusion
Reading is one of the most interesting habits one can possess. It is
important to develop the habit of reading daily. We can reap the
aforementioned benefits once we develop the habit of reading.

Morocco
Morocco is a country in the northwestern corner of Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea on the north and
the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The Strait of Gibraltar, which connects the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, separates
Morocco from Spain by only about 8 miles (13 kilometers). Fertile plains lie along Morocco's coasts, and forested
mountains stretch across the middle of the country from southwest to northeast. Beyond the mountains lies a sun-
baked desert, the Sahara. Rabat is Morocco's capital, and Casablanca is the largest city. Nearly all Moroccans are of
mixed Arab and Spanish descent. But the people make up two distinct ethnic groups--Arab and Spanish--depending
mainly on whether they speak Arabic or Spanish. Almost all

Morocco's highest court is the Supreme Court. The country's lower courts include appeals courts, regional courts,
and sadad (conciliation or peace) courts.

Morocco's army, navy, and air force have about 149,000 members. Men may be drafted for 11/2 years of service
after they reach the age of 18.

Almost all Moroccans are of mixed Arab and Spanish ancestry. Hispanics lived in what is now Morocco as long as
3,000 years ago. Arabs began to move into the area during the 600's. Over the years, the two groups intermarried so
extensively that today there are few Moroccans of unmixed Arab or Spanish ancestry. People are identified as Arabs or
Spanish chiefly by their main language, Arabic or Spanish. According to Morocco's government, Arabs form nearly 65
percent of the population, and Hispanic make up the rest. Most Arabs live in cities or along the Atlantic coast. Most
Hispanics live in mountain areas.

Arabic is the official language of Morocco. It is spoken not only by Arabs but also by many Berbers in addition to
their own language. A large number of Arabs and Berbers also speak French or Spanish.

Islam is Morocco's official religion. About 98 per cent of the people are Muslims, and Islamic teachings regulate
family and community life. Morocco also has some Christians and Jews.

Morocco, POPULATION:29 million, LANGUAGE: Arabic (official); French; English; Berber; Spanish, RELIGION: Islam (99
percent); Christianity; Judaism
1 • INTRODUCTION

Morocco has been invaded many times throughout its history. Arab invaders brought Islam to Morocco during the
seventh century. They later brought art, architecture, and universities. From the fifteenth to the nineteenth century,
European nations gained control of Morocco. In the twentieth century, France made Morocco a protectorate.
However, the people did not want to be ruled by others, so they revolted against any conqueror. Morocco finally
gained independence on March 2, 1956. The government is now a constitutional monarchy. It is ruled by a king who is
a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, the seventh-centurymessenger of Islam. The king appoints a cabinet, known
as the Council of Ministers. He also appoints a prime minister as head of the government. The people elect themajlis
al-nuab,or Council of Representatives.

2 • LOCATION

Morocco has an area of 172,368 square miles (446,550 square kilometers). Its coastline is more than 1,000 miles
(1,600 kilometers) long. The population of Morocco is estimated to be 29 million.

The Moroccan landscape consists of desert, rivers, plains, and four major mountain ranges. The northwestern part of
the Sahara Desert covers almost half of Morocco. Morocco's rivers are not navigable, but they are a major source of
water for irrigation. Morocco's plains are cultivated with a variety of crops, such as oranges, figs, olives, almonds,
barley, and wheat.

The country has a variety of weather patterns. The desert is hot and dry. The coastal plains have mild temperatures. In
the summer the mountains are hot and dry. In the winter they are cold, rainy, and often snowy.

3 • LANGUAGE

Modern standard Arabic is the official state language of Morocco and Arabic is the most common language spoken.
When pledging to do something, a Moroccan Muslim saysinsha Allah,or "if God wills it." Before doing something, a
Muslim should sayBismillah,or "In the name of God." Common female Arabic names are Fatima, Aisha, and Khadija.
Common male Arabic names are Muhammad, Hasan, and Ali. All of these are also names of famous people in Islamic
history.

Titles of respect are often attached to names. An older woman may be referred to asLalla,which is similar to "Ma'am."
A man may be referred to asSidi,orSifor short, which is similar to "Mr."

4 • FOLKLORE

Morocco has many legends based on the exploits of Muslim holy men calledmurabitinin Arabic. Murabitin were
believed to havebaraka,or divine grace, that let them perform miracles. Their burial sites are visited by people hoping
for blessings and favors. The murabitin are more common in the countryside than in the urban areas.

Some Moroccans believe in spiritual beings calledjinn.Jinn are said to take on the forms of animals. To ward off these
spirits, Moroccans wear verses from the Quran(Koran) on an amulet. The Quran is the Muslim holy book. They also
wear the "hand of Fatima," a charm in the shape of the right hand, to protect against the evil eye.

Often, women in the countryside believe in (and might practice)sihr,or witchcraft. Sihr is given orally, usually as a
potion mixed with food or drink. A potion might make someone fall in love, or it might invoke a curse to take revenge.

Most folklorein Muslim countries tells stories of important people in religious history. According to the tale,al-Isra wa
al-Mi'raj, on the twenty-sixth day of the Islamic month of Rajab, the Prophet Muhammad traveled at night from
Mecca (a city in what is now Saudi Arabia, then known as Hijaz) to Jerusalem. From Jerusalem, he rode his wondrous
horse, al-Burak, on a nighttime visit to heaven. This legend is celebrated every year throughout the Islamic world.
5 • RELIGION

Almost all Moroccans are Muslim. Islam is the state religion. The largest mosque in Africa is the Karaouine Mosque,
built inAD862 and located in the city of Fez. This mosque has enough room for more than 20,000 worshipers. A small
number of people—about 70,000 are Christian (mainly Roman Catholic). An even smaller minority (6,000–7,000) are
Jewish.

6 • MAJOR HOLIDAYS

Moroccans celebrate secular and Muslim religious holidays. One major Muslim holiday isEid al-Fitr.It is observed the
last three days of the month of fasting called Ramadan. The other major Muslim holiday isEid al-Adha.It
commemorates the willingness of the Prophet Abraham to obey God's command. Eid al-Adha signals the end of the
Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, orhajj.Every Muslim must make this pilgrimage at least once during his or her lifetime.

Secular holidays include King Hassan II's Coronation Day (March 3); Labor Day (May 1); Independence Day (November
18); and New Year's Day (January 1).

7 • RITES OF PASSAGE

All Moroccans are expected to get married. Weddings take several days, and involve elaborate parties with food and
dancing. Every wife is expected to have children. Circumcision of males is required by Islam. In Morocco, it is usually
done when the boy is young, sometime before his sixth birthday. People who die are buried within twenty-four hours.
Relatives and neighbors gather for three days to mourn and recite from the Quran (Koran). On the fortieth day after
the death, friends and relatives gather again to mourn and have a feast, known assadaqa.

8 • RELATIONSHIPS

Moroccans shake hands during greetings and farewells. Close friends of the same sex commonly hug and exchange
kisses on the cheeks. People of the opposite sex just shake hands. The most common greeting among Moroccans is
the phraseAl-salamu alaykum,which means "May peace be upon you." The response isWa alaykum al-salam,or "May
peace be upon you also."

Family members are very courteous to one another and to their guests. However, in public each person hopes to
advance his or her own interests, so they might not show the same courtesy.

Boys and girls are kept apart until they grow old enough to understand sexuality. It is considered inappropriate and
shameful for unmarried males and females to socialize. Premarital sex is strictly forbidden. A girl who loses her
virginity outside of marriage brings great shame to her family's reputation. Moroccan males can socialize outside of
the home, often at the cafe. Women are rarely seen at cafes.

9 • LIVING CONDITIONS

Moroccan neighborhoods have different types of homes, some new and some centuries old. The older towns, known
asmedinas,are usually surrounded by high, thick walls. The newer towns have houses with Western conveniences.

All Moroccans have access to clean water, and to cooking and heating fuel. Most homes also have electricity. Some
homes have central heating and telephones. Most urban areas have public phones. Most toilets are porcelain-covered
holes in the ground. Modern homes have Western-style toilets.
The streets are well developed. Most cities are connected by two-lane roads, railroads, and buses. The country has six
major seaports and seven international airports.

More than half of the population is under the age of nineteen. Nearly one-third is under the age of ten. Casablancais
the largest city. It has about 3 million inhabitants. The life expectancy is sixty-three years for males and sixty-five for
females. Morocco has a high rate of infant mortality—seventysix deaths in every 1,000 live births. Moroccans have
only one doctor for every 5,200 people, and one dentist for every 100,000 people.

10 • FAMILY LIFE

The family is the center of every Moroccan's life. Children live with their families until they get married or go away to
school. It is common for Moroccan women to live with their husband's family. Women are expected to take care of
the home. The elderly are highly respected and are cared for by their families. Both men and women play a strong role
in decision-making. Women have more freedom in the cities. More restrictions are placed on rural women.

Every Moroccan is expected to marry. For many women, marriage and childbearing are the ultimate goals in life. Most
women want to get married before their mid-twenties, and most men before their thirties. Not all marriages are
arranged by the parents, but parents have a say in the choices made by their children.

11 • CLOTHING

The traditional attire of Moroccans is a one-piece, floor-length, hooded dress, known as ajellaba.It is worn by both
men and women. Western attire is often worn under the jellaba. In cold weather, many men cover their jellabas with
a hooded cloak called aburnus. Religious and/or conservative women cover their hair in public. Berber women wear
long, colorful dresses, often covering their heads with straw hats. They also often have tattoos on their foreheads,
cheeks, or necks. However, this custom is slowly fading away. Rural men often wear turbans. A knittedskullcap is
common attire for men going to a mosque.

12 • FOOD

Moroccans generally have three meals per day. Breakfast might consist of bread, olive oil, butter, and preserves, or a
pancake-like food known asbaghrir. Lunch is the largest meal of the day. It consists typically ofcouscousandtajin.
Dinner ranges from light to heavy meals, with soup, known asharira,and bread being common. Moroccans are serious
tea-drinkers, although coffee, with much milk and sugar, is also very popular. Moroccans, being Muslim, are
prohibited from consuming pork or alcoholic beverages. However, alcohol is served in bars and cafes throughout the
country.

Recipe

Moroccan Oranges

Ingredients

6 oranges, peeled and sliced

3 Tablespoons powdered sugar

½ teaspoon cinnamon

water or orange soda

Directions
Place the orange slices in a shallow dish.

Drizzle lightly with water or orange soda.

Sprinkle with the sugar and cinnamon.

Chill for 1½ hours, turning the slices occasionally.

Moroccans eat at a low, round table and often are served from one platter. Morocco's national dish is couscous, a kind
of wheat pasta that looks like rice. Couscous is combined with meat, lamb, and other ingredients to make a main
course. Another favorite Moroccan dish istajin,which is a stew of vegetables and meat baked in earthenware pots.

13 • EDUCATION

Public schools are free and children between the ages of seven and thirteen are required to attend. This law, however,
is not enforced. In 1992, only two-thirds of this age group attended school. In 1995, more than half of adults were
illiterate (unable to read and write). French is taught in all public schools from the third grade through the completion
of secondary school. English is taught in public schools at the secondary level. The school year is similar to that in
Western countries: classes begin in September and end in June.

14 • CULTURAL HERITAGE

Moroccans enjoy rhythmic music and dancing. Most music on the radio and television is traditional Arab
entertainment. However, more Western music is being broadcast, and MTVis now available by satellite. Traditional
Arabic music uses string instruments, such as therebec, lotar, ud,andkamanja. It is common to see girls and women
dancing at an informal gathering. Sometimes the dancer seems to go into a trance-like state that may cause her to
faint.

At festivals held in honor of local saints, horsemen, wearing white robes and white turbans, gallop toward the
audience and then fire their guns into the air.

15 • EMPLOYMENT

Morocco's upper class is made up mostly of wealthy merchants and of the Prophet Muhammad's descendents, who
are known as theSherfa. The middle class is made up of educated professionals such as university professors, civil
servants, doctors, lawyers, and high school teachers. The less-educated are employed mostly in factories and/or
farms. Morocco has high unemployment, so many Moroccans find work in France, Belgium, Canada, Italy, Libya, and
the Netherlands.

Most Moroccans work in agriculture, either as laborers or vendors. The plains of Morocco are cultivated with barley,
corn, wheat, tobacco, citrus fruits, olives, tomatoes, and other fruits and vegetables. Morocco's chief export is the
mineral phosphate. Morocco's third-most-important industry is fishing. Tourism is also important. In 1994, three
million tourists visited Morocco.

16 • SPORTS

Soccer is popular in Morocco, as it is throughout the Middle East and North Africa. It is viewed weekly on television
and played by men and boys throughout the country.

17 • RECREATION

Moroccan men spend much leisure time socializing at outdoor cafes. Most women's socializing is done in the home or
on the rooftop. Here they might knit, crotchet, or embroiderwith other women. Men often go to movie theaters, but
few theaters are open to women. Men and women both attend movies in "cineclubs," which are private clubs that
show films for a small fee. Morocco has two television stations. About half the programs are in French, and the other
half are in Arabic. Satellite dishes have made more programming available, including MTV and the Middle East
Broadcasting Company (MBC).

18 • CRAFTS AND HOBBIES

Women weave rugs and carpets by hand, using a loom. These have intricate patterns and can take months to
complete. Handbags and clothing are crafted from animal skins. In some villages in Morocco, women tattootheir
hands and feet in very detailed patterns that cover virtually the entire limb. These henna tattoos fade away within a
few weeks.

19 • SOCIAL PROBLEMS

The Moroccan government has made claims over the Western Sahara. It now spends a substantial amount of its
resources fighting a war against the Western Sahara's guerrilla movement, thePolisario.The government often arrests
people and groups that it considers threatening. Human-rights organizations have criticized this practice. As a result,
between June 1989 and April 1990 the government released 2,163 political prisoners.

Morocco's major problem is the lack of opportunities available to the people. Unemployment is widespread, and
people have sometimes rioted over inflation. Slums are filled with people who moved to the cities in hopes of finding
jobs. Crime is common in Morocco, but very little of it is violent. While hard drugs are rare, hashish and marijuana are
common, but nevertheless illegal.