Presentation Relais Siemens

Power Transmission and Distribution
Siemens Belgium-Luxemburg
© Siemens AG 2006
Siemens Power Transmission and Distribution
What we have to offer
High Voltage Transformers Medium Voltage

Components, switchgear and turnkey Power transformers up to 1,300 MVA Components, switchgear and turnkey
projects for power transmission > and 765kV, distribution transformers projects for power transmission ≤
52kV (AC and DC) with oil or cast-resin insulation 52kV (AC and DC)
Energy Automation Services

Integrated control systems, protection and Network planning & consulting, asset
substation automation, telecontrol systems, maintenance and maintenance management for
power quality grids & networks, metering services
.
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 2 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD Division
High Voltage overview
Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS)
Circuit-breakers
Arrestors, Bushings, Coils and
Instrument Transformers
Disconnectors
Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
Highly Integrated Switchgear (HIS)
Gas Insulated Lines(GIL)
Reactive Power Compensation
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)

Installations
©
Siemens AG 2006
Products and Solutions for High Voltage
AIS – Circuit Breakers
Rated short-circuit
breaking current [kA]
80
3AT2/3 3AT4/5
63
50
40
31,5
25
3AP1 FG 3AP1 FI 3AP2 FI

0
72,5 123 145 170 245 300 362 420 550 800
Rated voltage [kV]
©
Siemens AG 2006
High-Voltage Circuit-Breaker
Product Characteristics
Type 3AP1 FG up to 245 kV Type 3AP1 FI up to 300 kV

For all applications: reliable Stored energy
and economical Spring Drive Mechanism
Stored energy Self compression arc
Spring Drive Mechanism quenching principle
Self compression arc Rated voltages
quenching principle up to 300 kV
Rated voltages Rated short circuit
up to 245 kV breaking current
Rated short circuit up to 50 kA
breaking current Type tested to the new
up to 50 kA IEC 62271-100
Type tested to the
new IEC 62271-100
Available for one or three
pole operation (FG/FI)
Delivered more than 50,000
breakers to more than 120
countries
©
Siemens AG 2006
High-Voltage Circuit-Breaker
Product Characteristics
Type 3AP1 DTC 72.5 up to Type 3AP2 FI up to 420 kV

245 kV Stored energy
One interrupter unit per Spring Drive Mechanism
pole Self compression arc
Stored energy quenching principle
Spring Drive Mechanism Rated voltages
Rated voltages up to 420 kV
up to 245 kV Rated short circuit
Rated short circuit breaking current
breaking current up to 50 kA
up to 63 kA Type tested to the
Type tested to the new IEC 62271-100
new IEC 62271-100 Easy installation and
Equipped with bushing commissioning:
type current transformers only few subassemblies
Ambient temperature range Transportation costs are
from +50° C down to -55° C minimized
with pure SF6
©
Siemens AG 2006
Arrestors, Bushings, Coils & Instrument Transformers
Arrester Coils
HV: Air Core Dry Type
AIS (Porcellain, Polymer) Reactors
& GIS; HVDC, FACTS Line Traps
MV: Distribution Arc Suppression Coils
& Traction Vehicles
Bushings Instrument Transformers

Air Core Dry Type Reactors Current Transformers
Line Traps Voltage Transformers
Arc Suppression Coils
©
Siemens AG 2006
Disconnectors & Earthing Switches from 36 kV to 800 kV
Centre Break Pantograph Vertical Break
Ur 72,5 kV – 550 kV Ur 123 kV – 420 kV Ur 123 kV – 550 kV

Ir 1250 A – 4000 A Ir 3150 A Ir 1250 A – 6300 A
Ik 31,5 kA– 63 kA Ik 50 kA Ik 31,5 kA– 63 kA
Double Break Earthing Switch Knee Type
Ur 36 kV – 800 kV Built-on Ur 123 kV – 550 kV

Ir 1250 A – 5000 A Free-standing Ir 1250 A – 400 A
Ik 31,5 kA– 63 kA Neutral point Ik 31,5 kA– 63 kA
©
Siemens AG 2006
Products and Solutions for High voltage
80
Rated short-circuit breaking current (kA)

63
50
40
HIS 8DQ1 8DR1
31,5
HIS 8DN8
25 8DQ1
8DN8 8DN9 8DQ1

0 Voltage
72.5 123 145 170 245 300 362 420 550 800 (kV)
©
Siemens AG 2006
8DN8.2 switchgear
Rated voltage up to 145 kV

Rated frequency 50 / 60 Hz
Rated power frequency
withstand voltage (1 min) up to 275 kV
Rated lightning impulse
withstand voltage (1,2/50 µs ) up to 650 kV
Rated busbar current up to 3150 A
Rated feeder current up to 3150 A
Rated breaking current up to 40 kA
Rated short-time current up to 40 kA
Leakage rate per year
and gas compartment < 0.5 %
Bay width 800 mm
Bay height 2850 mm
Bay depth 3500 mm
Bay weight 3t
©
Siemens AG 2006
8DN9 switchgear
Rated voltage up to 245 kV

Rated frequency 50 / 60 Hz
Rated power frequency
withstand voltage (1 min) up to 460 kV
Rated lightning impulse
withstand voltage (1,2/50 µs) up to 1050 kV
Rated busbar current up to 3150 A
Rated feeder current up to 3150 A
Rated breaking current up to 50 kA
Rated short-time current up to 50 kA
Leakage rate per year and
gas compartment < 0.5 %
Bay width 1500 mm
Bay height 3500 mm
Bay depth 4700 mm
Bay weight 5t
©
Siemens AG 2006
Products and Solutions for High voltage
Highly Integrated Switchgear (HIS)
Compact
Low cost
Modular
Suitable for in- and outdoor use
Savings HIS*
Site price 60 %
Civil works 20 %
Secondary cables 35 %
Steel structures 30 %
Earthing 70 %
Erection, tests,
commissioning 70 %
* compared to air insulated switchgear

©
Siemens AG 2006
Domaine d’utilisation des installations
moyenne tension
Niveau de production et
Réseau de Transport
x x
Niveau de distribution primaire
x x x x x x x
Niveau de distribution secondaire

x
Basse tension
©
Siemens AG 2006
Medium Voltage: Overview
Primary distribution Secondary distribution Components

switchgear switchgear
Vacuum tubes
Gas-insulated (SF6 ) Gas-insulated (SF6 ) Vacuum circuit-breakers
NX PLUS C 8DH10 Vacuum contactors
NX PLUS 8DJ10/8DJ20 Other Components
8DA/8DB
Air-insulated Air-insulated MV DC-Multifunctional
NX AIR SIMOSEC Link
NX AIR M SIPLINK
NX AIR P
SIMOPRIME
©
Siemens AG 2006
Medium Voltage Products for Primary Distribution
SF6-Insulated Switchgear
8DA 8DB
Type-tested, single-phase Type-tested, single-phase
encapsulation, metal-clad encapsulation, metal-clad
Proved design, Single Proved design, Double
Busbar Busbar
Modular design with Modular design with
standard enclosures standard enclosures
allows single- and double Busbars and busbar-
phase applications disconnectors in separate
More than 15 years of gas compartments
operating experience More than 15 years of
operating experience
Delivery Program Delivery Program

up to 40.5 kV up to 40 kA up to 4000 A up to 40.5 kV up to 40 kA up to 4000 A
©
Siemens AG 2006
Medium Voltage Products for Primary Distribution
Air-Insulated Switchgear (AIS)
NX AIR NX AIR M
Type-tested, IEC 62271-200, Type-tested, IEC 62271-200,
metal-clad, loss of service metal-clad, loss of service
continuity category: continuity category:
LSC 2B, partition class: LSC 2B, partition class:
PM, internal arc classification: PM, internal arc classification:
IAC A FLR ≤40 kA, 1s IAC A FLR ≤25 kA, 1s
Single- and double busbar Single- and Double Busbar
(back/back, front/front) (back/back, front/front)
Vacuum circuit-breaker Vacuum circuit-breaker
withdrawable withdrawable
Vacuum contactor withdrawable Max. renewed availability by
Max. renewed availability by modular design
modular design Selective shutdown by bushing
Selective shutdown by bushing type transformers and pressure
type transformers and pressure resistant compartments
resistant compartments Max. operating safety by
Max. operating safety by self- selfexplanatory logical operating
explanatory logical operating elements
elements Maintenance intervals > 10 years
Maintenance intervals > 10 years

up to 12 kV up to 40 kA up to 2500 A 17.5 / 24 kV up to 25 kA up to 2500 A
©
Siemens AG 2006
Medium Voltage Products for Secondary Distribution
SF6-Insulated Switchgear
8DJ10 8DJ20
Type-tested Type-tested
Independent of climate Independent of climate
Maintenance-free Maintenance-free
Block-type construction, Block-type construction,
for 3-6 bays for 1-5 bays
Hermetically-sealed Hermetically-sealed
welded welded
switch-gear enclosures switch-gear enclosures
Compact and clear design Compact and clear design
No sealings No sealings
Highest Quality Level Highest Quality Level
Shortest Delivery Periods Shortest Delivery Periods
Smallest floor space for
substations

up to 24 kV up to 25 kA up to 630 A up to 24 kV up to 25 kA up to 630 A
©
Siemens AG 2006
MV DC-Multifunctional Link - SIPLINK
Large-scale
power plant
Independent power producers City
(wind generators, solar plants)
Large-scale industry
with in-plant generation Consumers with
sensitive processes
Manufacturing, trade,
small industry without
in-plant generation
Hospital
New Switching Technologies for Distribution Systems

Improves Cost-Effectiveness, Availability and Power Quality
©
Siemens AG 2006
Medium Voltage Components
Vacuum Tubes
High reliability
Excellent field experience with more than 2
million vacuum interrupters
Tailormade development
Wide product range for any application
For use in
LV and MV circuit-breakers, load-break
switches and contactors
Autoreclosers
Transformer Tap Changers
Delivery Program
690 up to 1300 V up to 65 kA up to 2500 A
7.2 up to 40.5 kV up to 72 kA up to 6300 A
©
Siemens AG 2006
PTD Division
Transformers
Power
Do lor situs cum
transformersitum
habilitarum
alus causticus
Distribution
imanenter
transformers Status
with
landum exus rius
oil or cast-resin
laudanum
insulation tum.
Lorem exit vulnareus

plexus est. Vulna
pausta rhus tex, per
itum falor sit wunt.
Sit itum causticus
aurum eum et expli
ndus.Cum
©
Siemens AG 2006
Siemens Transformers at all Levels of
Transmission and Distribution
Generator
transformer
TLM
Shunt Siemens
HVDC reactor Transformer Life
System Management
interconnecting (condition
Phase angle transformer assessment,
regulator life-extension,
on-site-services,
monitoring, ...)
Special purpose transformers
for industrial application
System
transformer
Oil-immersed Voltage GEAFOL Traction

distribution transformer regulator cast-resin transformer transformer
©
Siemens AG 2006
Power Transformers
Ratings from 10 MVA up to

1.100 MVA / 1200 kV
Three-phase and single-phase
©
Siemens AG 2006
Distribution Transformers
GEAFOL
Cast-resin distribution
transformers
Ratings from 50 kVA up to

40MVA
Possibility for on-line

tapchanger
Static converter transformers
©
Siemens AG 2006
Distribution Transformers
Oil-immersed
Ratings from 50 up to 4.000 kVA
(TUNORMA and TUMETIC)
©
Siemens AG 2006
PTD Division
Energy Automation
Information
Do and
lor situs cum
network control
habilitarum itum
technology
alus causticus
imanenter
ProtectionStatus
and
landum exus
substation rius
auto-
laudanum tum.
mation, telecon-trol
systems, power
Lorem
quality exit vulnareus
plexus est. Vulna
pausta rhus tex, per
itum falor sit wunt.
Sit itum causticus
aurum eum et expli
ndus.Cum
©
Siemens AG 2006
Energy Automation
Strong products and brands on all levels
Energy Market Mgmt. System control centers

EMM Spectrum PowerCC
FDWH SINAUT Spectrum
PROPHET Solutions
AMIS
…
Station control & automation
Communications SICAM PAS
& networking SAT 1703 / SAT 230
PLC
Modems
RTU’s
SAT 1703
…
SICAM eRTU / miniRTU
Tools TG 805 / TG 5700
SICAM TOOLBOX
IMM Protection/Power
DIGSI… Quality/Bay Control
SIPROTEC
REYROLLE
BC 1703 ACP
SIMEAS
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
LE BUT DE LA PROTECTION SELECTIVE EST:

-Assurer la continuité de service du réseau d’energie , par
élimination de l’élément défaillant et de lui seul
-Eviter des dégâts au niveau des équipements affectés par
les défauts(câbles,transformateurs…)
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
LE SYSTEME DE PROTECTION =
TI/TP + Relais+ Disjoncteur
Sélectif,rapide,fiable
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4 - What does it mean?
SIPROTEC 4
is a
family of numerical
Protection, Control- and
Automation Devices
from
SIEMENS
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
O/C protection 7SJ6

Distance protection 7SA6
Line differential protection 7SD5 / 7SD6
Transformer diff. protection 7UT6
Generator protection 7UM6
Station protection 7SS52
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
O/C protection
7SJ6
©
Siemens AG 2006
Time-overcurrent protection Functions
Time-overcurrent protection
Criteria for fault: overcurrent
Criteria for selectivity: time
©
Siemens AG 2006
Time-overcurrent protection Characteristics
Tripping characteristic of a two stage time-overcurrent

protection device - definite time
t [sec]
2.0
1.5 Tripping area
1.0
0.5
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 x IN

I> I>>
©
Siemens AG 2006
Time-overcurrent protection Characteristics
Tripping characteristic of a time-overcurrent protection device -

inverse time
t [sec]
2.0 Characteristics:
IEC
1.5 ANSI
user defined
1.0
0.5
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 x IN
©
Siemens AG 2006
Time-overcurrent protection Application
As main protection Used as:
1 Line protection
Selectivity by time-grading
x
x
x
2 Motor protection
O/C O/C O/C with short circuit- and
overload protection,
start protection,
x
start inhibit
O/C M 3 Transformer protection

for network transformers
with short circuit- and
1 2 3 overload protection,
Inrush-stabilisation
©
Siemens AG 2006
Time-overcurrent protection Application
Main protection as line protection
x x x x
O/C O/C O/C O/C
t = 900ms t = 600ms t = 300ms t = 0ms

b
Ttrip a
c
k
u
p
distance
Advantage: simple device,

only current transformers are necessary
Disadvantage: near infeed higher tripping time
©
Siemens AG 2006
Reverse Interlocking Application
O/C 1
Blocking
2 T = 50ms Outgoing protection
Energy direction t = xxms
initiates and blocks
the infeed protection
stage within 50 ms
2
O/C O/C O/C Infeed protection
+ + + gives a trip after
start start. start.
50 ms since no
M outgoing feeder has
picked up and blocked
1
the infeed protection
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
O/C
O/Cprotection
protectionwith
withmotor
motorprotection
protection
7SJ61
Over current protection

(Phase/Earth)
Inrush Blocking
Motor Protection
Overload Protection
Unbalanced Load Protection
Auto reclosure
Trip Circuit Supervision
Breaker Failure Protection
Lock out
4 CT inputs
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
Distance
Distanceprotection
protection
©
Siemens AG 2006
Why impedance protection?
Situation: Meshed network and two infeeds

Directional overcurrent time relays
0,6s 0,3s
0,6s 0,3s
0,6s 0,3s
0,6s 0,3s
non-selective trip
©
Siemens AG 2006
Basic principle of impedance protection
Localization of short-circuits by means of an impedance

measurement:
fault on the protected line Z1
relay A
fault outside the protected line

Z2
relay A
selectivity
©
Siemens AG 2006
Distance measurement (principle)
IL1 Z
ZL = RL + j XL
IL2 L
IL3 ZE = RE +j XE
IE Z
E
UL1 UL2 UL3
6 loops: 3 phase- phase loops and
3 phase- ground loops
phase- phase -loop: UL1-L2 = ZL ( IL1 - IL2)
Measured current
measured voltage
The same applies to the remaining loops
©
Siemens AG 200606.08.97
dtgerdis3
Distance measurement (principle)
IL1 ZL
IL2 ZL = RL + j XL
IL3
IE Z ZE = RE +j XE
E
UL1 UL2 UL3
phase-ground-loop: UL1 = ΙL1 · ( RL + j XL )- ΙE · ( RE +j XE)
ΙL1, ΙE measured current

UL1 measured voltage
The same applies to the remaining loops

©
Siemens AG 200606.08.97
dtgerdis3
Numerical filtered phasor measurement
1. Fast operation ⇒ Use short data window
2. High accuracy ⇒ High selectivity
3. Signal distortion does not cause delay or maloperation
©
Siemens AG 2006
Fourier analysis of measured values
sin 2π ⋅i
n
Sampled
measuring 0 1 2 . . . n
values
i(k −n+i) IS(k) Resulting phasor
i
I(k) = IS(k) + j⋅ IC(k)
k-n k
IC(k) I (k )
j⋅ IC(k)
ϕ
cos 2π ⋅i IS(k)
n
©
Siemens AG 2006
Load and short-circuit impedances
distance relay ZL
operating ZLF1
characteristic ZLF2
Fault area
X
RF RF
ZL F1 F2 ZLoad
D
ZLF2 ZF2
RR Phase - Phase Fault
ZLoad RR ≈ RF / 2
RR
ZLF1 ZF1 ing load
as
Incre Phase - Earth Fault
jL
RR ≈ RF /(1 + RE/RL)
j SC2
Fault in j SC1 R
Minimum Load Impedance:
reverse
Minimum voltage 0,9 Un
direction Load area Maximum current 1,1 In
Maximum angle ± 30°
©
Siemens AG 2006
Graded distance zones
Z3
∆t = grading time
time Z2 t3
Z1 t2
t1
A B C D
D1 D2 D3
distance
Grading rules:
Safety margin is 15
Z1 = 0,85 ZAB
%:
Z2 = 0,85 (ZAB + 0,85 ZBC) line error
Z3 = 0,85 (ZAB + 0,85 (ZBC + 0,85 ZCD)) CT, VT error
measuring error
©
Siemens AG 2006
Determination of fault direction
Fault location Where is the fault ?
Current area for Impedance area for

forward faults X forward faults
USC
ΙSC ZSC
ϕSC
ϕSC
R
ΙSC Z'SC
Current area for Impedance area for
reverse faults reverse faults
current / voltage diagram impedance diagram
The impedance also shows the direction, but ....

©
Siemens AG 2006
Fault detection techniques
Over-current fault detection

Voltage dependant X
over-current fault detection
U Voltage and
angle dependant
over-current
fault detection R
Impedance
fault
detection
I> Iϕ> I >> I
Not in 7SA522
©
Siemens AG 2006
Impedance zones of digital relays
for
Distance zones
wa
X
rds
Line
Inclined with line angle ϕ
Z5 Angle α prevents overreach of
Z4 Z1 on faults with fault
Z2 resistance that are fed from
Z1B both line ends
α
Z1
re v
ers
e
Load ϕ Load
R
Fault detection
forw
ard no fault detection polygon: the
s
largest zone determines
the fault detection
Z3
characteristic
simple setting of load
rev
encroachment area with

ers
Rmin and ϕLoad

e
©
Siemens AG 2006
Zone grading chart, radial feeder
Z3
Z2
A Z1 B C D
D D D Ι>> ZT
Ι>t
∆Ι
Grading according
Z1 = 0.85 ZA-B the recommendation
Z2 = 0.85 (ZA-B + 0.85 ZB-C) with the safety margin
of 15%.
Z3 = 0.85 [ ZA-B + 0.85 (ZB-C+ 0.85 ZC-D) ]
©
Siemens AG 2006
Ring feeder: with grading against opposite end
grading time
(s)
0.6
0.3
The same grading from both sides
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
Line differential protection

7SD61 / 7SD52
©
Siemens AG 2006
Measuring Principle
I1
I5
I2
I4
I3
Kirchhoff: I1+I2+I3+I4+I5=0
©
Siemens AG 2006
Trip Characteristic
1 p.u. 1:1 1:1 1 p.u.

(3Y) (3Y)
IX IY
IX IY
0 6 12 0 6 12
Internal Fault
©
Siemens AG 2006
Trip Characteristic
IX
0 6 12 ID = I X + I Y IR = I X + I Y
ID = (+1)+ (+1) = 2 IR = +1 + +1 = 2
IY
0 3 6 12
Internal Fault
©
Siemens AG 2006
Trip Characteristic
Ideal internal fault

Idiff fault line (k=1) Idiff = I1
Istab = I1
fault is on fault line
internal fault
external fault or External fault
operation condition Idiff = 0
Istab = |I1|+|I2|+...|In|
security for CT deviations Istab
©
Siemens AG 2006
Differential Current due to CT-Saturation
i1
i2
⎟ i_diff⎟
t
T 2T 3T 4T
Differential Current may cause maloperation in case of CT-saturation
©
Siemens AG 2006
Current transformer saturation
Saturation during steady-state current
Saturation during offset current
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
Line
Linedifferential
differentialprotection
protection
Current Comparison Protection for all
applications for cables and overhead
lines
Two up to six line ends
Handles transformers in the protected
zone (integrated vector group matching)
Direct connection to communication
networks
Communication via copper and ISDN
networks
Fault Locator
Fast tripping (less than 15 ms)
Automatic reclosure
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4 Line differential protection
Configurations
Configurations
over 3 line ends
7SD52
7SD52
7SD52
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
No
Norestrictions
restrictionsfor
forcommunication
communication
Communication with …
direct FO connection up to 100 km
digital communication network (G703, X21)
ISDN-connection
2 or 3 wire pilot wire (twisted, screened)
FO
or
Digital
E O
7SD5
7SD5
O communication network E
or
E ISDN O
O E
or
E 2/3 wire pilot wire (Cu) O
O E
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
Topology
Topologydetection,
detection,example
example
side 2 side 2
I2 I2 side 3
Side 3
connection to
I3 I3
I3+I1 I2 other devices
I1+I2 I3
I1 I1
I3+I1
I1+I2
side 1 side 1
ring topology Partial current summation

©
Siemens AG 2006
7SD52 V4.3 Line protection
Universal line protection for HV and EHV applications
Line differential protection and distance protection in one device

Comprehensive function mix for 2-6 line end applications
Any combination of DIF and DIS, as main or backup protection
Emergency / backup protection as additional backup level
Full control functionality (graphic display)
Z1B Z1
Z1 Z1B
∆I ∆I
.....11010110.....
Z< Z<
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 4
Multifunctional Protection
for
Transformers and Generators
7UT6
©
Siemens AG 2006
Measuring Preprocessing, Example for CT Matching (Part 1)
SN = 100MVA
UN1 = 110kV UN2 = 30kV

1000/5A 2000/5A
IP1 = 500A IP2 = 1833A
(load current) winding 1 winding 2 (load current)
IN, Trafo = 525A IN, Trafo = 1924A
measured
IS1 = 2.5A IS2 = 4.58A secondary currents
7UT512
IDiff = ?
IStab= ?
©
Siemens AG 2006
Method of Vector Group Determination
Side 2: Side 1:
2L1
1L1
2L2
1L2
2L3
1L3
IL1,S2 = IL1 - IL2 IL1,S1
330° Vector group is

(n * 30°) Y d 11
©
Siemens AG 2006
SICAM PAS
System with IEC61850 and further services
I4
DIGS Station unit
-
Web or
it SICAM PCC
Mon
62,5µ or 50µ FO
100 Mbit/s switched and redundant Ethernet ring
Ethernet-
Switch
max. 6 Ethernet
devices patch-
Stand by per Goose
cable
connection switch Message
Info
report
©
Siemens AG 2006

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Power Transmission and Distribution

High Voltage Transformers Medium Voltage

Energy Automation Services

Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS)

Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)

Highly Integrated Switchgear (HIS)

Gas Insulated Lines(GIL)

Reactive Power Compensation

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)

3AP1 FG 3AP1 FI 3AP2 FI

Type 3AP1 FG up to 245 kV Type 3AP1 FI up to 300 kV

Type 3AP1 DTC 72.5 up to Type 3AP2 FI up to 420 kV

Bushings Instrument Transformers

Centre Break Pantograph Vertical Break

Ur 72,5 kV – 550 kV Ur 123 kV – 420 kV Ur 123 kV – 550 kV

Double Break Earthing Switch Knee Type

Ur 36 kV – 800 kV Built-on Ur 123 kV – 550 kV

Rated short-circuit breaking current (kA)

8DN8 8DN9 8DQ1

 Rated voltage up to 145 kV

Rated voltage up to 245 kV

* compared to air insulated switchgear

Niveau de distribution secondaire

Primary distribution Secondary distribution Components

Delivery Program Delivery Program

Delivery Program Delivery Program

Delivery Program Delivery Program

New Switching Technologies for Distribution Systems

Lorem exit vulnareus

Oil-immersed Voltage GEAFOL Traction

 Ratings from 10 MVA up to

 Three-phase and single-phase

 Ratings from 50 kVA up to

 Possibility for on-line

 Static converter transformers

 Ratings from 50 up to 4.000 kVA

(TUNORMA and TUMETIC)

Energy Market Mgmt. System control centers

LE BUT DE LA PROTECTION SELECTIVE EST:

TI/TP + Relais+ Disjoncteur

O/C protection 7SJ6

Criteria for fault: overcurrent

Criteria for selectivity: time

Tripping characteristic of a two stage time-overcurrent

1.5 Tripping area

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 x IN

Tripping characteristic of a time-overcurrent protection device -

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 x IN

As main protection Used as:

O/C M 3 Transformer protection

Main protection as line protection

O/C O/C O/C O/C

t = 900ms t = 600ms t = 300ms t = 0ms

Advantage: simple device,

 Over current protection

Situation: Meshed network and two infeeds

Localization of short-circuits by means of an impedance

 fault outside the protected line

phase- phase -loop: UL1-L2 = ZL ( IL1 - IL2)

The same applies to the remaining loops

phase-ground-loop: UL1 = ΙL1 · ( RL + j XL )- ΙE · ( RE +j XE)

ΙL1, ΙE measured current

The same applies to the remaining loops

Rated voltage up to 145 kV

Rated voltage up to 245 kV

Ratings from 10 MVA up to

Three-phase and single-phase

Ratings from 50 kVA up to

Possibility for on-line

Static converter transformers

Ratings from 50 up to 4.000 kVA

Over current protection

fault outside the protected line

Line differential protection and distance protection in one device