Table 1 Requirements for fly ash according EN 450-1:2005/A1:2007 compared to

EN 450-1:2012
property unit requirement according requirement according
EN 450-1:2005/ A1:2007 EN 450-1:2012

loss on ignition category A ≤ 5,0 ≤ 5,0

category B % by mass 2,0 – 7,0 ≤ 7,0
category C 4,0 – 9,0 ≤ 9,0
water requirement 1) % ≤ 95 not modified
≤ 40 (category N) 4)
fineness fraction > 45 m % by mass not modified
≤ 12 (category S)

soluble phosphate (P2O5) % by mass ≤ 100 not modified 6)

total phosphate (P2O5) mg/kg - ≤5
Initial setting min. 2C 2) not modified

sum SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 % by mass ≥ 70 not modified

6)
reactive SiO2 % by mass ≥ 25 -
activity index 28 days ≥ 75
% not modified
91 days ≥ 85

total content of alkalis % by mass ≤5 not modified

reactive CaO % by mass ≤ 10 not modified

sulphate (SO3) % by mass ≤3 not modified

free calcium oxide % by mass 2,5 3) 5)

soundness mm ≤ 10 not modified

magnesium oxide (MgO) % by mass ≤ 4,0 not modified 6)

chloride (Cl-) % by mass ≤ 0,10 not modified

1)
only applicable for category “S” fly ash
2)
initial setting of fly ash cement paste shall not be more than twice as long as the initial setting time
of the test cement alone.
3)
if the content of free lime is greater than 1,0 % by mass, the fly ash must be tested for conformity
to the requirement for soundness
4)
the fineness shall not vary by more than ±10 % from the declared value.
5)
if the content of free lime is greater than 1,5 % by mass, the fly ash must be tested for conformity
to the requirement for soundness
6)
only in initial type testing of fly ash from co-combustion

By definition fly ash has to be derived from the burning of pulverised coal with or
without co-combustion materials. This is only possible in dedicated boilers where
combustion of finely ground fuel takes place in a cloud, with combustion
temperatures of 1300 – 1500 °C. This means that ashes from other boilers like grate-
fired and fluidised bed combustion boilers do not meet this definition. In other words,