3/14/2019 Palmer Complete Edited Royal Pentagon | Sampling (Statistics) | Will And Testament

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o types :
 questionnaires – use of pen and paper method
• dichotomous – divided into two. Eg. true orfalse. Yes or no
• rating scale – poor 1, good 2, better 3, best 4
• multiple choice
 Interview – use of oral method of collection of data. Use of active
listening
• Structured – with checklist, formal talk, list of question
• Unstructured – informal talk, no pattern, anything goes
 records – pre existing data
 observation – use of ocular method using your senses
• participant observation
• non-participant observation
• Problems :
o Hawthorne’s effects
 The data you get from your sample is not
accurate.
 The sample has a problem
 Solution : double blind research – they
should not be conscious that they are being
studied
o Halo effect
 The researcher has a problem.
 He is manipulating the data collection.
 It is affected by special feelings/treatment
between the researcher and the sample.
• Analysis of Data
o part of research when the researcher is forming a body of knowledge out
of data collected for the purpose of affirming or denying your hypothesis
o Methods
 Nominal method
• get data by means of categories.
• eg. male, female, income
 Ordinal method – base on rank eg. mild, moderate, severe
 Interval
• base on the distance between 2 numerical values
• eg. BP – 150/100 – 120/80, wt, circumference, ht
 ratio – 3:10 children are malnourish
• Interpretation of Data
o 2 Methods
 quantitative method – base on numerical or graphical standards
 qualitative method – use of narrative words
• Communicating your conclusion
o Explaining the results of your work to the public
o Conclusion – final answer to your research
o Recommendation – suggestion to others
o Dissemination of Information
 Methods :
• thesis/book – written form

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