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Mobile Environmental Dust Monitor

Model EDM 164


Model EDM 164

Address:

Grimm Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG


Dorfstraße 9
83404 Ainring
Germany
Website: www.grimm-aerosol.com
E-mail: info@grimm-aerosol.com
Telephone: +49 8654-578-0
Fax: +49 8654-578-35

Registration Office Traunstein, German Commercial Register (HRB) 4803


Managing Directors: Marco Signori, Thomas Eisenmann

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Model EDM 164

Table of contents
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Fundamental requirements for operation ......................................................................................... 9
2.1 General information.......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Warranty ......................................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Explanation of symbols .................................................................................................................. 11
2.4 Fundamental safety provisions ...................................................................................................... 12
2.4.1 Safety provisions ............................................................................................................................ 12
2.4.2 Electrical safety .............................................................................................................................. 12
2.4.3 Laser safety .................................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.4 Extreme environmental conditions ................................................................................................. 14
2.5 Declaration of conformity ............................................................................................................... 15
2.6 Intended use and fields of application............................................................................................ 16
2.6.1 Operating environment................................................................................................................... 16
2.6.2 Information about direct on-site and remote control ...................................................................... 16
2.6.3 Notes on starting and stopping the measurements ....................................................................... 16
2.6.4 Preparations and checks................................................................................................................ 16
2.6.5 Waste disposal recommendation ................................................................................................... 16
2.6.6 Restrictions of the field of application ............................................................................................ 17
2.6.7 Environmental conditions ............................................................................................................... 17
2.6.8 Transport ........................................................................................................................................ 17
2.6.9 Storage ........................................................................................................................................... 18
2.7 Disposal ......................................................................................................................................... 18
2.7.1 Expected service life of the device ................................................................................................. 18
2.7.2 Disposal of consumables ............................................................................................................... 18
2.8 Repair ............................................................................................................................................. 19

3 Installation of the EDM 164 ............................................................................................................ 20


3.1 Unpacking the components ........................................................................................................... 20
3.2 Installing the EDM 164 ................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.1 Installing the 164DM spectrometer ................................................................................................ 21
3.2.2 Connecting the hose between the 164DM spectrometer and the external pump.......................... 22
3.2.3 Connecting the connections on the 164DM spectrometer ............................................................. 24
3.2.4 Installing the sample collection tube .............................................................................................. 25
3.2.5 Electrical connection ...................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.6 Attach the sample collection tube in the sample collection tube holder ........................................ 27
3.2.7 Installing the BQ filter and glass bottle........................................................................................... 27
3.3 Datalogger, antenna and GPS mouse option ................................................................................ 28
3.3.1 Subsequent installation of the datalogger, antenna and GPS mouse. .......................................... 29
3.3.2 Insert the SIM card (Machine to machine M2M) into the datalogger ............................................. 32
3.3.3 Installing the GPS mouse............................................................................................................... 33
3.4 Weather station .............................................................................................................................. 34
3.5 Options for the power supply of the EDM 164 ............................................................................... 38
3.5.1 12 VDC power supply .................................................................................................................... 38
3.5.2 18 – 32 VDC power supply ............................................................................................................ 39

4 Device description .......................................................................................................................... 40


4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 41
4.2 Sample collection tube ................................................................................................................... 41
4.3 Display............................................................................................................................................ 42

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Model EDM 164

4.4 Memory card .................................................................................................................................. 42


4.4.1 Inserting the memory card ............................................................................................................. 42
4.4.2 Removing the memory card ........................................................................................................... 42
4.4.3 Reading and erasing the memory card .......................................................................................... 43
4.4.4 Data preservation and storage times ............................................................................................. 43
4.5 Switching on the EDM 164 ............................................................................................................. 45
4.6 Control buttons on the spectrometer.............................................................................................. 46
4.6.1 Button functions before answering the filter question .................................................................... 46
4.6.2 Button functions in measuring mode.............................................................................................. 47
4.6.3 Button functions in standby mode .................................................................................................. 48

5 Particle measuring with Grimm dual technology ............................................................................ 49


5.1 The measurement principle ........................................................................................................... 49
5.2 Calibration, physical background ................................................................................................... 50
5.3 Calibration label ............................................................................................................................. 54

6 Measurement process.................................................................................................................... 55
6.1 Putting the EDM 164 into operation ............................................................................................... 55
6.2 Display of measurements............................................................................................................... 56
6.3 Model versions of the EDM 164 ..................................................................................................... 56

7 Software ......................................................................................................................................... 57
7.1 HyperTerminal via RS-232 interface .............................................................................................. 57
7.1.1 HyperTerminal instructions ............................................................................................................ 57
7.1.2 RS-232 commands ........................................................................................................................ 61
7.2 Grimm Windows 1178 software ..................................................................................................... 66
7.2.1 Installation of the 1178 software .................................................................................................... 66
7.2.2 Screenshots of the software .......................................................................................................... 67
7.3 Displaying measurements from the measurement device ............................................................. 70
7.3.1 With the terminal program .............................................................................................................. 70
7.3.2 Activating service mode 0 .............................................................................................................. 70
7.3.3 Returning to service mode 0: ......................................................................................................... 71
7.3.4 Using the Grimm Windows 1178 software ..................................................................................... 71

8 Accessories .................................................................................................................................... 72
8.1 Data interfaces on the EDM 164 .................................................................................................... 72
8.1.1 Serial RS-232 interface .................................................................................................................. 72
8.1.2 RJ-45 connections ......................................................................................................................... 72
8.2 Weather station connection ........................................................................................................... 73
8.3 Measurement transmission ............................................................................................................ 73
8.3.1 P-line 73
8.3.2 K-line, function test of the optical measuring cell, laser diode and photo diode ............................ 74
8.4 Weather station measurement display........................................................................................... 76
8.5 Service mode settings .................................................................................................................... 77
8.6 Datalogger ...................................................................................................................................... 78
8.6.1 Installation of the datalogger .......................................................................................................... 78
8.6.2 Interfaces on the datalogger .......................................................................................................... 78
8.7 Accessories for the EDM 164 ........................................................................................................ 81

9 Technical information ..................................................................................................................... 82


9.1 Technical data ................................................................................................................................ 82
9.1.1 Memory card 1142.A2 and 1142.A4 .............................................................................................. 84

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Model EDM 164

9.1.2 1142.M5 datalogger ....................................................................................................................... 84


9.1.3 Acoustic and visual alarm emitter 12 VDC 1147B ......................................................................... 84
9.1.4 Rain protection cover ..................................................................................................................... 84
9.2 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................. 85
9.2.1 Alarm and error messages on the display ..................................................................................... 85
9.2.2 Warnings on the display ................................................................................................................. 86
9.2.3 Explanations of select error messages .......................................................................................... 87

10 Maintenance and cleaning ............................................................................................................. 88


10.1 Sample air path in the measuring cell of the 164DM spectrometer ............................................... 88
10.2 Fly screen on the sample collection tube ....................................................................................... 88
10.3 Replacing the dust filter.................................................................................................................. 88
10.4 Housing .......................................................................................................................................... 89
10.5 Internal purge air filter .................................................................................................................... 89

11 Frequently asked questions – FAQ ................................................................................................ 90


12 Index............................................................................................................................................... 95

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Model EDM 164

List of figures
Figure 2-2: Safety marking on the rear of the device ................................................................................. 13
Figure 2-1: Safety marking: Warning of laser radiation in the 164DM spectrometer ................................. 13
Figure 3-1: Components of the EDM 164 system after unpacking, with tools ........................................... 20
Figure 3-2: Installation of the 164DM spectrometer ................................................................................... 21
Figure 3-3: Opening the aerosol hose connection on the spectrometer .................................................... 22
Figure 3-4: Hose system principle .............................................................................................................. 22
Figure 3-5: Establishing the hose connection ............................................................................................ 23
Figure 3-6: Finished hose connection ........................................................................................................ 23
Figure 3-7: Connecting the sensor simulation plug .................................................................................... 24
Figure 3-8: Connecting the power supply to the 164DM spectrometer ...................................................... 24
Figure 3-9: Connecting the RS-232 cable to the spectrometer .................................................................. 24
Figure 3-10: Threading the heating cable before installing the sample collection tube ............................. 25
Figure 3-11: Connecting the plug on the heating cable to the heating connection .................................... 25
Figure 3-12: Inserting the sample collection tube into the sample intake .................................................. 25
Figure 3-13: Opening the floor inlet ............................................................................................................ 26
Figure 3-14: Threading the mains cable..................................................................................................... 26
Figure 3-15: Connecting the mains cable to the mains socket .................................................................. 26
Figure 3-16: Securing the sample collection tube ...................................................................................... 27
Figure 3-17: Connecting the filter and glass bottle to the spectrometer .................................................... 27
Figure 3-18: Datalogger installation ........................................................................................................... 28
Figure 3-19: Datalogger installation and removal principle ........................................................................ 28
Figure 3-20: Loosening the holder for the antenna and GPS mouse ........................................................ 29
Figure 3-21: Preparing to insert the datalogger ......................................................................................... 29
Figure 3-22: Inserting the datalogger ......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 3-23: Reattaching the holder for the antenna and GPS mouse ...................................................... 30
Figure 3-24: Installing the antenna ............................................................................................................. 31
Figure 3-25: Connecting the datalogger ..................................................................................................... 31
Figure 3-26: Connection schematic of the datalogger ............................................................................... 31
Figure 3-27: Opening the datalogger ......................................................................................................... 32
Figure 3-28: Open SIM card slot with SIM card ......................................................................................... 32
Figure 3-29: Open datalogger .................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 3-30: Closed SIM card holder and datalogger antenna .................................................................. 33
Figure 3-31: Installing the holder for the weather station ........................................................................... 34
Figure 3-32: Preparing the weather station ................................................................................................ 34
Figure 3-33: Connecting the data cable to the weather station.................................................................. 35
Figure 3-34: Screwing the plug onto the weather station ........................................................................... 35
Figure 3-35: Securing the cap nut on the plug connection......................................................................... 36
Figure 3-36: Mounting the weather station on the holder........................................................................... 36
Figure 3-37: Aligning the weather station ................................................................................................... 37
Figure 3-38: Connecting the weather station cable to the front plate ........................................................ 37
Figure 3-39: Connecting the battery cable to the 12 VDC input................................................................. 38
Figure 3-40: Power input on the voltage transformer ................................................................................. 39
Figure 3-41: Connecting the voltage transformer to the weather protection housing. ............................... 39
Figure 4-1: Sample collection head ............................................................................................................ 41
Figure 4-2: Spectrometer installed in the EDM 164 ................................................................................... 42
Figure 4-3: Control buttons on the spectrometer....................................................................................... 46
Figure 5-1: Measurement principle ............................................................................................................. 49
Figure 5-2: Screenshot of the Grimm calibration software during the calibration process ........................ 52
Figure 5-3: Calibration, particle number concentration for all 31 size channels ........................................ 53

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Model EDM 164

Figure 5-4: Dolomite comparison, particle number concentration for all 31 size channels ........................ 53
Figure 5-5: Calibration label ....................................................................................................................... 54
Figure 7-1: New HyperTerminal connection ............................................................................................... 57
Figure 7-2: Interface selection .................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 7-3: Transmission parameters ........................................................................................................ 58
Figure 7-4: Help screen of the 164DM spectrometer ................................................................................. 59
Figure 7-5: Capturing text in HyperTerminal .............................................................................................. 60
Figure 7-6: Creating a text file and storing the captured text ..................................................................... 60
Figure 7-7: Home screen ............................................................................................................................ 67
Figure 7-8: Setting the measuring interval ................................................................................................. 67
Figure 7-9: Time synchronisation ............................................................................................................... 68
Figure 7-10: Selecting the file name and storage location ......................................................................... 68
Figure 7-11: Count values .......................................................................................................................... 68
Figure 7-12: Particle distribution diagram (counts) .................................................................................... 69
Figure 7-13: Particle mass distribution diagram ......................................................................................... 69
Figure 8-1: Weather station connection ..................................................................................................... 73
Figure 8-2: Datalogger plate ....................................................................................................................... 78

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Model EDM 164

1 Introduction
The EDM 164 Environmental Dust Monitor from Grimm was designed and developed as a compact
environmental measurement system for mobile use. 21st century demands such as flexibility, mobility and
cost effectiveness are fully met by this fine dust measurement system. Satisfied customers around the
world appreciate the EDM 164 high-end stand-alone system for the high precision of the measurements
and its low maintenance and operating costs.
Each individual aerosol particle is detected in the optical measuring cell and assigned to a defined particle
size based on the intensity of the scattered light signal. This accurate and reliable individual particle
detection enables the simultaneous measurement of the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 dust mass fractions and
the particle size distribution in 31 channels (optional). In order to guarantee precise measurements and
protect the measuring cell against contamination, part of the constant 1.2 l/min sample volume flow is
filtered and returned to the measurement device as purge air.
A self-test is performed by the EDM 164 every time it is restarted in order to confirm its functionality.
With the optional 1142.M5 datalogger, the environmental dust monitor can be accessed at any time via
the World Wide Web and the measurement data can be visualised or accessed in real time.
Reliability, flexibility and the excellent cost effectiveness of the devices are unique selling propositions of
the Grimm EDM 164 product group. There are no comparable standalone devices that support the
simultaneous measurement of the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 dust mass fractions and the particle size
distribution in 31 channels (optional).
Grimm developed the powerful software version 1178 to output the environmental measurement data of
the EDM 164 Environmental Dust Monitor, completing the package.

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Model EDM 164

2 Fundamental requirements for operation

2.1 General information

Many software and hardware designations used in this manual are registered trademarks and have to be
treated as such. The author has attempted to provide complete and accurate information in this manual.
Grimm Aerosol Technik does not guarantee the integrity and accuracy of this information. Therefore, it is
not liable for damages caused directly or indirectly due to the use of this information, the hardware or the
software. Furthermore, Grimm Aerosol Technik is not responsible for damages due to the abuse of patent
rights or third-party rights.
Since the hardware and software is always being improved and expanded, deviations are possible
between the descriptions and illustrations in this manual and the hardware and software delivered to you.
Please request a current version of this document if needed.
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be duplicated (printed, copied, microfilmed or other), or
duplicated, reproduced or modified with the use of electronic systems, except with the written permission
of the company GRIMM Aerosol Technik.

Study the operating instructions in detail before operating the hardware and software! The
manufacturer is not liable for damages caused by improper putting into operation, use,
cleaning or by operating errors.

Printed in Germany
Copyright © 2015 by GRIMM Aerosol Technik, Ainring, Germany

GRIMM Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG

Dorfstraße 9
D-83404 Ainring, Germany

Telephone: ++49 / 86 54 / 5 78 – 0
Fax: ++49 / 86 54 / 5 78 – 35
E-mail: support@grimm-aerosol.com
Website: www.grimm-aerosol.com

This manual applies to:


Environmental Dust Monitor M_D_164_V0-14 (07-03-16)

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Model EDM 164

2.2 Warranty

The company GRIMM Aerosol Technik warrants to each customer that the device described in this
document has been developed, designed and manufactured according to the existing technical
requirements for the application described, is entirely free of material defects and is delivered free of
assembly errors due to strict quality control. However, no further warranty is given for an application-
specific function or damages due to material defects or assembly errors. Detailed records are prepared
for each unit through production technology, especially the calibration and validation data.
Should the device fail during the 1-year warranty period or fail to meet the requirements, the company
GRIMM Aerosol Technik has the right to replace defective parts or the device; operating errors are
excepted. The company GRIMM Aerosol Technik shall perform repairs free of charge at the factory. Only
transportation costs and the resulting incidental costs are borne by the customer. On-site repairs are only
carried out in exchange for reimbursement of the travel expenses and service costs. GRIMM Aerosol
Technik assumes no liability for any further claims that would be derived from the warranty.
GRIMM Aerosol Technik only warrants the goods sold if they are used under normal conditions and
according to the instructions in this manual. The warranty expires at the end of the 12-month period,
starting on the day of delivery from the plant. Returns for warranty work are at the customer’s expense.
The warranty is subject to the following exceptions:

For replacement parts that are replaced or repaired during the warranty period in order to make
the device operational again, the warranty is 90 days under conditions of normal use.

The supplier is not liable for third-party products, batteries or consumables – only the original
warranty is maintained.

Without its written confirmation, GRIMM Aerosol Technik offers no warranty on parts from
suppliers that were modified and/or removed or installed by untrained personnel.

All of the above replaces any other warranty agreements and/or restrictions. There are no further
warranty claims, especially outside of normal use.

The buyer is responsible for use and/or operation. Complying with the applicable legal
requirements and regulations as well as operating the device in accordance with the applicable
legal and operating technology provisions is the responsibility of the buyer. Deviations void the
warranty.

Legal means against GRIMM Aerosol Technik from any party after more than 12 months are all
groundless.

The buyer and seller agree that this LIMITATION OF LIABILITY which describes the
requirements and limits shall not be called into question. Both partners are general merchants
according to German law.

Should a dispute nevertheless arise, the jurisdiction is Traunstein in the Federal Republic of
Germany.

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2.3 Explanation of symbols

This manual uses the following graphical symbols to make important information easier to find:

This symbol points out useful tips that can simplify and optimise your work.

This symbol points out specific hazards that can lead to malfunctions or even damage to
the hardware, and describes how these can be avoided.

This symbol points out particularities of software products.

Meaning of certain text characters


This manual illustrates the control buttons in order to explain the functionality in the respective sections.
The function is explained according to the characters of the control button on the device. A
combination with other buttons on the membrane keyboard is possible.

Explanations for operating the device or for keyboard input using HyperTerminal or another terminal
program to carry out a certain function are marked by curly brackets in this manual.

Example for illustrating how certain buttons and button combinations are used to configure
settings:
Pressing the {Mean/Weight} button and the {+} button at the same time displays the
expected filter weight and the corresponding sample volume.

Example for illustrating how certain switching states are queried using computer keyboard input
in a terminal program:
Send the ASCII character sequence { | } and {Tab key} or {ASCII character 124} and
{ASCII character 9}.

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Model EDM 164

2.4 Fundamental safety provisions

2.4.1 Safety provisions

The manufacturer rejects any direct or indirect liability if the operator opens or manipulates the device!
The device was built and inspected according to DIN EN 61326-1: 2013 “Electrical equipment for
measurement, control and laboratory use – EMC requirements”, and left the plant in flawless safety-
related condition. In order to maintain this condition and ensure safe operation, the user has to observe
the information and warnings contained in these instructions for use.
If it can be assumed that safe operation is no longer possible, the device must be taken out of operation
and secured against unintended use. It can be assumed that safe operation is no longer possible in the
following cases:
• If the device exhibits visible damage
• If the device no longer functions after use
• After extended storage under unfavourable conditions
• After exposure to severe conditions during transportation
Failure to observe the prior to operation after transport at temperatures below the transportation
temperature range can cause damage to the pump due to condensation. In this case the electronic
overcurrent protection device will shut the unit down entirely. The wait time until resuming operation can
be reduced by drying in a heating cabinet. We recommend an acclimatisation time of approximately 8
hours at about 20°C and 40-45% relative humidity.

2.4.2 Electrical safety

Before using the EDM 164, verify that the mains voltage is in the allowable range for the device. The
EDM 164 may only be operated with the intended voltage of 88–264 VAC, 47-63 Hz on a single-phase,
three-conductor system with ground fault circuit interrupter or 12 VDC.
The fuses installed in the device may only be replaced by trained service personnel!
Since the device is protected by an electronic overcurrent protection device, the fuses only burn out in
case of a serious fault.
The Picofuse (3.15 A slow) installed in the device may only be replaced by trained service personnel with
the type specified in the switch documents. Since the device is protected by an electronic overcurrent
protection device, the fuses only burn out in case of a serious fault.

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2.4.3 Laser safety

Attention! Laser class 3B in the open state of the measuring instrument!

The aerosol spectrometer may only be opened by trained service personnel. Class 3B laser radiation may
be emitted if the laser unit is opened. The maximum output of class 3B lasers in continuous-wave
operation is 0.5 watts. Looking directly into the beam or a mirrored reflection can cause eye damage,
even with only a short exposure time.
Consult DIN EN 60825 for further information. The corresponding requirements of the Employer's Liability
Insurance Association Regulation (BGV) B2 “Laser Radiation” must be observed!

Figure 2-2: Safety marking: Warning of Figure 2-1: Safety marking on the rear of the device
laser radiation in the 164DM
spectrometer

The warnings shown here are found on the rear of the dust measurement device or directly in the dust
measurement device on the laser holder, warning the user against laser radiation if the device is opened.

Class 1 laser when the measuring device is closed!


Class 1 lasers are “safe during normal operation […], even when looking directly into the beam for an
1
extended period of time and with radiation exposure using telescope optics”.

1
DIN EN 60825-1 (VDE 0837-1):2015-07, page 83, German version
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Model EDM 164

2.4.4 Extreme environmental conditions

Altitude correction

The barometric altitude formula describes the vertical distribution of the (gas) particles in the earth’s
atmosphere, that is the change in air pressure according to altitude. Therefore one also speaks of a
vertical pressure gradient. Due to weather dynamics in the lower atmosphere however, it can only be
described mathematically with approximations. Air density changes noticeably as the altitude increases.
The air pressure decreases because the air column gets “shorter” and therefore lighter. Rule of thumb:
The air pressure drops by 12 mbar per 100 m of additional altitude.
Due to the lower air pressure, the flow rate increases with the altitude. This means the signal amplitude of
the detected particles changes. It gets smaller and therefore larger particles are incorrectly assigned to
small channels, resulting in an incorrect mass.
Therefore the flow rate that depends on the air pressure has to be corrected using a flow meter.
Note: The float in the flow meter must be freely moveable, which means the exact horizontal and vertical
alignment of the flow meter is very important. A tolerance of +/- 3% is specified by the flow meter
manufacturer for the adjustment.
If the device flow has to be changed due to a change in location, proceed as follows:

Establish a connection to a terminal program that supports the Xon/Xoff software protocol (such
as HyperTerminal). Set the measurement device to standby mode. Activate service mode 0 (see
Section 7.3.2).

You can change the flow with the key combination {Ctrl} + {f}.

If the flow does not correspond to 1.2 l/min (or the calculated scale value of the flow meter), you
can increase the flow with the {+} button or reduce the flow with the {-} button.

Then exit service mode 0 again (see Section 7.3.3.) and set your device to measuring mode.

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2.5 Declaration of conformity

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2.6 Intended use and fields of application

2.6.1 Operating environment

The mobile outdoor environmental measurement device model EDM 164 is intended for dust monitoring
in urban residential and traffic areas, industrial production, the chemicals industry and other areas where
monitoring is required. It is intended for outdoor installation.

2.6.2 Information about direct on-site and remote control

The mobile outdoor environmental measurement device model EDM 164 is intended for optional use with
the 1142M5 datalogger. With the use of the 1142M5 datalogger, the environmental dust monitor can be
accessed via the World Wide Web and the measurement data can be visualised or accessed in real time.
When an SD memory card is used in the datalogger instead of a memory card in the spectrometer, far
larger data volumes can be stored.

2.6.3 Notes on starting and stopping the measurements

To start and stop the measurements, the EDM 164 must be supplied with mains voltage. See the
technical information for the allowable mains voltage. A measurement starts after the device is powered
up and has passed the self-test. Measurement operation can be ended manually at any time. A
scheduled start time, scheduled interruptions and a scheduled end time for measurement operation can
be programmed.

2.6.4 Preparations and checks

Before putting the EDM 164 into operation, the glass bottle under the 164DM spectrometer should be
checked. To ensure uninterrupted operation, Grimm Aerosol Technik recommends emptying the glass
bottle of large particles and/or liquids before putting the device into operation.
Each time the device starts, it performs a self-test which provides information about the device status.
Therefore it is mandatory for the EDM 164 to ask if the PTFE filter/BQ filter has been changed.

2.6.5 Waste disposal recommendation

The PTFE filters or BQ filters of the EDM 164 are considered consumables. These filters, provided the
dust they were exposed to is free of contaminants, are disposed of in household or commercial waste. If
substances that are hazardous to health were knowingly or presumably collected with the PTFE filter, the
PTFE filter must be disposed of according to the respective contaminants. Pertinent information on proper
disposal is available from your specialised disposal firm.
Large particles from the glass bottle and/or liquids that travelled through the sample collection tube to the
glass bottle can be disposed of as household or commercial waste.

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Model EDM 164

2.6.6 Restrictions of the field of application

To keep the EDM 164 in working order, the technical data and environmental conditions for the device
summarised in Section 9.1 must be observed. These restrictions apply both to the number of particles
being measured and the expected relative humidity at the planned measuring location.
Coincidence occurs if the number of particles is too high. Coincidence is the simultaneous occurrence of
at least two particles in the course of the beam, which are counted as one particle of a different diameter.
As a result, the size is assigned to an incorrect channel compared to the individual measurement. At a
particle concentration in excess of 2,000,000 particles per litre, the sample air should be diluted with dry,
particle-free air.
If the relative humidity is too high, there is first a risk of condensation in the device which can lead to
extensive damage. If the relative humidity is too high, there is also a risk of condensation on the particles
which increases the particle size. The spectrometer assigns the fine dust particles to a higher size
channel, which leads to a distortion of the mass-specific values. When humidity is too high, we advise you
to dry the sample air.
In case of doubt or questions about the use of the model EDM 164 environmental dust monitor, contact
the dealer or sales representative of Grimm Aerosol Technik nearest you.

2.6.7 Environmental conditions

The EDM 164 is intended for outdoor use. It has a weather protection housing made of coated, glass
fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP). The housing door is equipped with a locking mechanism and security
lock. During operation, the housing door should be closed and locked. This prevents manipulation of the
measurement device.

2.6.8 Transport

The device must be switched off for transportation and only the original packaging may be used. The
aerosol intake of the 164DM dust measurement device and the sample collection tube discharge have to
be closed with the supplied end caps. Packing the sample collection tube separately and taking the
164DM spectrometer out of the EDM 164 is recommended for transportation. Therefore, be sure to keep
the transport packaging.

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Model EDM 164

2.6.9 Storage

If measurement operation is interrupted for a limited time, Grimm Aerosol Technik recommends storing
the EDM 164 in the original packaging in a dry storage location within the temperature range specified for
storage in the technical data in Section 9.1.
Please inspect all parts of the measuring system after unpacking. If it can be assumed that safe operation
is no longer possible, the device cannot be put into operation and must be secured against unintended
use.
It can be assumed that safe operation is no longer possible in the following cases:
• If the device exhibits visible damage
• If the device no longer functions after use
• After extended storage under unfavourable conditions
• After exposure to severe conditions during transportation

2.7 Disposal

2.7.1 Expected service life of the device

When used as intended and with regular service or corresponding maintenance by an authorised service
technician, the EDM 164 has a service life of many years. Statements about the expected service life
cannot be made and depend on care and the applications for the device.

2.7.2 Disposal of consumables

The PTFE filters or BQ filters of the EDM 164 are considered consumables. These filters, provided the
dust they were exposed to is free of contaminants, are disposed of in household or commercial waste. If
substances that are hazardous to health were knowingly or presumably collected with the PTFE filter, the
PTFE filter must be disposed of according to the respective contaminants. Pertinent information on proper
disposal is available from your specialised disposal firm.
Large particles from the glass bottle and/or liquids that travelled through the sample collection tube to the
glass bottle can be disposed of as household or commercial waste.
If substances that are hazardous to health were knowingly or presumably collected in the glass bottle, the
contents of the glass bottle must be handled according to the respective contaminants.

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Model EDM 164

2.8 Repair

Knowing that defective or inactive devices are costly for the customer, the GRIMM policy is to resolve
customer problems as quickly as possible. When a device stops working, please contact the nearest
GRIMM sales office or dealer as soon as possible.
Please contact the GRIMM service department by e-mail before you send one of our devices back for
service:

service@grimm-aerosol.com

Kindly provide the following information:


• Device model number
• Serial number and year of manufacture (on the type plate, underside of the device)
• Order date and your order number (except for warranty cases)
• Your billing address
• Your shipping address

Prior to shipment, make sure each the device is free of any contamination that could be
hazardous to health.

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Model EDM 164

3 Installation of the EDM 164

3.1 Unpacking the components

The EDM 164 is delivered in packaging.


Package: EDM 164 carton: Dimensions: 740 x 350 x 620 mm Weight: 18kg
Unpack everything and set up the EDM 164.

Figure 3-1: Components of the EDM 164 system after unpacking, with tools

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Model EDM 164

3.2 Installing the EDM 164

3.2.1 Installing the 164DM spectrometer

Figure 3-2: Installation of the 164DM spectrometer

While installing the spectrometer, make sure that the blue aerosol hoses are neither crushed nor kinked.
Since the 164DM spectrometer does not have an integrated pump, it requires the hose connection to the
external pump to conduct air very easily.

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Model EDM 164

3.2.2 Connecting the hose between the 164DM spectrometer and the external pump

First open the aerosol hose connection on the external pump.


Then open the aerosol hose connection on the spectrometer.
In order to do so, turn the pneumatic coupling in the opposite
direction as shown in Figure 3-4 and pull the coupling apart.

Figure 3-3: Opening the aerosol hose


connection on the spectrometer

Figure 3-4: Hose system principle

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Model EDM 164

After opening the hose connection on the 164DM


spectrometer, hold the pneumatic coupling with the O-ring and
connect it to the pneumatic coupling on the external pump,
which does not have an O-ring.

Figure 3-5: Establishing the hose


connection

Now connect the two open pneumatic couplings between the


164DM spectrometer and the external pump accordingly.

Figure 3-6: Finished hose connection

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Model EDM 164

3.2.3 Connecting the connections on the 164DM spectrometer

If an extra meteorological sensor was not ordered, connect the


sensor simulation plug to the sensor connector on the 164DM
spectrometer.

Figure 3-7: Connecting the sensor


simulation plug

Connect the 18 VDC plug to the power jack on the 164DM


spectrometer. The 164DM spectrometer is supplied with 18 VDC
by the power supply of the EDM 164DM. A separate power
supply for the 164DM spectrometer is not needed.

Figure 3-8: Connecting the power


supply to the 164DM spectrometer

The RS-232 cable is ready for connection to the 164DM


spectrometer. It merely needs to be connected to the RS-232
jack on the 164DM spectrometer and locked with the metal clip.

Figure 3-9: Connecting the RS-232


cable to the spectrometer

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Model EDM 164

3.2.4 Installing the sample collection tube

The sample collection tube is equipped with electric


permanent heating. The heating cable which extends out of
the sample collection tube has to be threaded through the
sample collection tube holder before installing the sample
collection tube.

Figure 3-10: Threading the heating cable


before installing the sample collection
tube

The heating cable can only be connected to the jack in one


position. Please observe this while connecting the cable.

Figure 3-11: Connecting the plug on the


heating cable to the heating connection

Then insert the sample collection tube through the opening in


the top into the dust measurement device to the stop.

Figure 3-12: Inserting the sample


collection tube into the sample intake

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Model EDM 164

3.2.5 Electrical connection

Loosen the three knurled head screws on the floor


opening and remove the metal plate and plastic disc. The
foam stays on the floor opening.

Figure 3-13: Opening the floor inlet

Thread the mains cable through the floor opening.

Figure 3-14: Threading the mains cable

Connect the mains cable to the mains socket below the


164DM spectrometer.
Then reinsert the foam disc and metal plate in the floor
opening and secure the floor opening with the three
knurled head screws. The mains cable is clamped
between the foam ring and foam disc, which
simultaneously serves as the strain relief for the mains
cable.

Figure 3-15: Connecting the mains cable to


the mains socket

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Model EDM 164

3.2.6 Attach the sample collection tube in the sample collection tube holder

The sample collection tube holder is secured by tightening the


lock screw on the upper feedthrough.
Subsequently the white rain protector has to be pushed down
over the lock screw as far as possible.

Figure 3-16: Securing the sample


collection tube

3.2.7 Installing the BQ filter and glass bottle

Insert the filter in the spring


clip. The arrow on the filter
points to the right (see
illustration).

Connect the cylinder to the


rear plug connection.

Connect the hose from the


filter to the front connection.

Figure 3-17: Connecting the filter and glass bottle to the


spectrometer

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Model EDM 164

3.3 Datalogger, antenna and GPS mouse option

The datalogger is mounted on the EDM164 with a rail.

Figure 3-18: Datalogger installation

Installation

First put the datalogger from the


bottom side to the rail.

Pull the datalogger upwards, let it


lock to its final position.

Deinstallation
n
Push the datalogger upwards.

Fold down the front of the


datalogger and take it out.

Figure 3-19: Datalogger installation and removal principle

For further instructions about the datalogger, see the datalogger manual.

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3.3.1 Subsequent installation of the datalogger, antenna and GPS mouse.

Installing the datalogger makes it possible to record, store and subsequently evaluate all spectrometer
measurements as well as the meteorological data from the weather station (optional). A µSD card is
installed in the µSD slot of the datalogger at the factory. It is used for the automatic storage of all
measurements. Therefore a separate PCMCIA memory card in the spectrometer is not needed.

Remove the screw.

Figure 3-20: Loosening the holder for the antenna and GPS mouse

Carefully push the


power supply unit and
holder down.

Figure 3-21: Preparing to insert the datalogger

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Model EDM 164

Now set the


datalogger onto the
rail as shown in
Figure 3-19 and allow
it to engage.

Figure 3-22: Inserting the datalogger

Push the power supply and


holder back into the
installation position and
secure them with the
screw.

Figure 3-23: Reattaching the holder for the antenna and GPS mouse

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Model EDM 164

Install the antenna on the


holder. Note the O-ring
(16mm) while doing so. The
O-ring needs to be between
the mounting plate and
antenna.

Figure 3-24: Installing the antenna

Connect the following cables to the


datalogger:
The antenna cable to the datalogger

The red cable (weather station data


transfer) to the red jack

The yellow cable (dust monitor data


transfer) to the yellow jack

Connect the cable for the power


supply.

Figure 3-25: Connecting the datalogger

Figure 3-26: Connection schematic of the


datalogger

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Model EDM 164

3.3.2 Insert the SIM card (Machine to machine M2M) into the datalogger

If you want to use the datalogger with a SIM card to send data via GPRS, you have to change the PIN of
the SIM card to 3141 using a mobile phone.
To insert the SIM card, remove the four screws from the front panel of the datalogger. Pull out the circuit
board together with the front panel. Open the SIM card holder and insert the SIM card.

Figure 3-27: Opening the datalogger

Figure 3-28: Open SIM card slot with SIM card Figure 3-29: Open datalogger

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Model EDM 164

Figure 3-30: Closed SIM card holder and datalogger antenna

Then insert the circuit board into the datalogger housing and close the datalogger.
Now the datalogger can be installed and connected in the EDM 164 as described in Section 3.3.1.

3.3.3 Installing the GPS mouse

The GPS mouse is equipped with a magnetic base and can be installed on all magnetisable surfaces.
Use the supplied adapter to connect the GPS mouse to the RJ-45 jack (RS-232-3) on the datalogger.
Set the GPS mouse onto the mounting plate next to the antenna. The GPS mouse stays in place due to
its magnetic base.

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3.4 Weather station

Using the weather station requires the installation and use of a datalogger as described in Section 3.3.

Install the weather station


holder with two screws
Each screw requires:
- Washer
- Spring washer

Figure 3-31: Installing the holder for the weather station

Unscrew the dust protection


cap
(do not pull -> unscrew)

Figure 3-32: Preparing the weather station

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Model EDM 164

Insert the cable for the weather


station into the cable guide.

Figure 3-33: Connecting the data cable to the weather


station

Connect the cable to the


jack provided on the sensor.

Figure 3-34: Screwing the plug onto the weather station

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Model EDM 164

Hand-tighten the cap nut.

Figure 3-35: Securing the cap nut on the plug connection

Set the weather station onto


the holder and tighten the
nuts on the mounting
bracket until the sensor
cannot slide out of place
vertically. Mount the weather
station with the two nuts so
that the shackle is evenly
secured.

Figure 3-36: Mounting the weather station on the holder

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Model EDM 164

Align the weather station


northward to obtain precise
meteorological measuring results.

N Then tighten the screws to secure


the weather station horizontally.

Figure 3-37: Aligning the weather station

Thread the weather station cable


through the floor opening in the
EDM 164. In order to do so, open
the floor intake as described in
Section 3.2.5.
Connect the weather station cable
to the “Weather Station”
connector.
PLEASE NOTE: The plug on the
weather station cable only fits into
the jack labelled “Weather
Station” in one position. The cap
nut for the jack has to be hand
tightened.

Figure 3-38: Connecting the weather station cable to the front plate

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Model EDM 164

3.5 Options for the power supply of the EDM 164

The standard power supply for the EDM 164 is 110 – 230 VAC, 50 / 60 Hz.

3.5.1 12 VDC power supply

If supplying power with the specified voltage is not possible on site, the EDM 164 can be operated off the
grid with a power source that supplies 12 VDC.
Thread the power cable through the floor opening in the EDM 164 (see Section 3.2.5) and connect it to
the prefabricated car jack. In order to do so, pull the coupling off the jack and connect the cable with
correct polarity (‘‘+” inside and ‘‘-” outside).

Figure 3-39: Connecting the battery cable to the 12 VDC input

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Model EDM 164

3.5.2 18 – 32 VDC power supply

If a 12 VDC power source is not available, operation with a power source between 18 and 32 VDC is an
alternative option.
This requires a voltage transformer that has to be installed in the weather protection housing of the EDM
164. The voltage transformer is set onto the four pre-installed stud bolts and screwed down. The battery
cable is threaded through the floor opening (see Section 3.2.5).
The 18-32 VDC power
source is connected to the
power input.
The battery cable is
connected to the 12 VDC
power output next to it on
the right.

Figure 3-40: Power input on the voltage transformer

The battery cable from the 12 VDC output of the voltage transformer is connected to the car jack with
correct polarity. Then the coupling is connected to the 12 VDC input jack.

Figure 3-41: Connecting the voltage transformer to the weather protection


housing.

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Model EDM 164

4 Device description

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Model EDM 164

4.1 Introduction

The key functions of the EDM164 environmental dust monitor system are:

Corresponds to the EN12341, EN14907, US-EPA and GOST R measuring standards

Output of the measurement data as dust mass fraction PM10, PM2,5, PM1 + TC (total counts)
and

Optional, the number of particles in 31 channels

Particle mass from 1 to 100,000 µg / m³

Output of the measuring results in real time

Data storage in days, weeks or months

Keyboard or remote operation (via RS-232 interface)

Self-test is performed on every start-up to confirm functionality

Permanent purge air flow starts in advance and ends with a time lag to keep the optical
measuring cell clean

Mobile stand-alone system

Low maintenance and operating costs

Modular expandability of the measuring modes

4.2 Sample collection tube

The sample collection head suctions all particles from the ambient air into the device and conducts them
vertically into the optical measuring cell. Both the sample collection head and sample collection tube are
made of polished stainless steel. The sample collection head on the EDM 164 is permanently joined to
the sample collection tube and cannot be removed.
To prevent condensation on the aerosol, which leads to incorrect size classification, the sample collection
tube is heated continuously. The temperature of the sample collection tube is kept constant at 30 k above
the ambient air temperature. If the ambient air temperature rises or falls by 5 k for example, the
temperature of the sample collection tube also increases or decreases by 5 k.

Figure 4-1: Sample collection head

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Model EDM 164

4.3 Display

The device has an optical display with 2 rows of 16 characters each. The display is illuminated. This
display shows the measurements, date, time and location number (a two-digit number that can be
assigned to a specific measuring location as desired). All messages that occur are shown on the display.

Figure 4-2: Spectrometer installed in the EDM 164

4.4 Memory card

The 164DM spectrometer has 80 kByte of internal memory. In order to store larger data volumes such
series of measurements at short time intervals without a connected PC, we recommend using a memory
card in the spectrometer.

4.4.1 Inserting the memory card

The memory card is inserted into the slot underneath the display of the dust measurement device with the
arrow facing up, until it engages audibly. A correctly inserted cards sticks out of the housing by about 1
cm.

4.4.2 Removing the memory card

To remove the memory card, put the spectrometer into standby mode. Now the memory card can be
pulled out of the spectrometer.

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Model EDM 164

4.4.3 Reading and erasing the memory card

The memory card can be read and erased in the following ways:

With the corresponding key combination using the membrane keyboard (see Section4.6.3)

Using the Windows software 1178 (see Section7.2)

Using the corresponding control command in HyperTerminal, see RS-232 commands in Section
7.1.2.

4.4.4 Data preservation and storage times

A back-up battery maintains the data on the memory card. The memory card is supplied with power by
the device while it is inserted.
Make sure you read the memory card before changing the battery, otherwise your data may be lost.
If the error message: “PLEASE REPLACE MEMOCARD” is displayed, the battery in the memory card has
to be replaced.

Further information:

• If the memory card was previously used in another dust


measurement device with a different equipment version that does not
have the same version number, the memory card will not be accepted
and has to be formatted in a device with a version number different than
the previous one before use.
• The memory card should only be changed in “standby” mode,
otherwise data may be lost.
• If the memory card was not inserted before starting a
measurement ({Standby} button), the device has to be put into standby
mode again by pressing the {Standby} button before the memory card
is inserted.
• The average service life of the battery in a 1 MB memory card is
more than one year. If the memory card will not be used for an extended
period of time, the battery should be removed.
• The memory card can only be read on the GRIMM aerosol
spectrometer with connected PC and HyperTerminal or using an
external card reader. Using a PC with PCMCIA card reader is not
supported.

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Model EDM 164

Storage times

Memory cards are available with different storage capacities (1 MB or 4 MB). The interval can be selected
in increments. In combination with the storage capacity of the memory card, the chosen interval (see
7.1.2) results in corresponding storage times.

INTERVAL 1 min 5 min 10 min 15 min 30 min 60 min

INTERNAL 2d 17h 13d 13h 27d 2h 40d 15h 81d 6h 162d 12h

1 Mbyte 34d 16h 173d 8h 346d 16h 1Y 155d 2Y 310d 5Y 255d

4 Mbyte 138d 16h 1Y 328d 3Y 2191d 5Y 255d 11Y 145d 22Y 290d

Table 1: Memory card storage times for firmware 7.80

INTERVAL 1 min 5 min 10 min 15 min 30 min 60 min

INTERNAL 12h 2d 13h 5d 2h 7d 15h 15d 7h 30d 15h

1 Mbyte 6d 12h 32d 16h 65d 8h 98d 0h 196d 0h 1y 27d

4 Mbyte 26d 3h 130d 16h 261d 8h 1y 27d 2y 54d 4y 108d

Table 2: Memory card storage times for firmware 12.30

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Model EDM 164

4.5 Switching on the EDM 164

Before switching on the device, confirm that the entire system has been set up as described in this
manual and that the electrical connections have been installed in accordance with local regulations.
Please verify compliance with all local regulations regarding the use and operation of instruments of this
type.
If you want to store the measured data on a memory card (optional), make sure the card is inserted into
the slot on the front of the spectrometer below the display before turning on power to the device.

The memory card must be installed in standby mode before measuring begins.
Furthermore, the memory card has to be initialised or erased before it is used in a device
for the first time.

Turning the spectrometer on/off

Verify that the display shows the model name and firmware version number for approximately 5 seconds.
Subsequently the display shows the date and time.
Model 107
Version 7.80
Next the filter replacement question is shown on the display. If you answer yes {+}, the calculated filter
weight and sample air volume are set to zero. The device starts calculating the filter weight again from
zero. If you answer no {-}, the previous filter weight continues to be used.
Filter change
yes{+} or no {-}
Pressing the {Standby} button when the filter question is displayed returns the hours of operation and
serial number of the device. The pump and laser operating times are counted as runtime.
To prevent these values from being erased unintentionally, the keyboard response is delayed. You
therefore have to press and hold the {Standby} button for at least one second until a beep is heard.
Pressing the {+} button resets the device. The filter weight and sample volume are erased. Now the
device begins a self-test for about 30 seconds.
If you want to change settings such as the alarm value, time or other parameters, press the {Standby}
button to return to standby mode
Standby Mode
Press 2nd Key
and make the desired changes. Finally press the {Standby} button again to start.

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4.6 Control buttons on the spectrometer

Some of the device responses to pressing the buttons are different between the operating and standby
modes. A short beep confirms when a button is pressed.

Figure 4-3: Control buttons on the spectrometer

4.6.1 Button functions before answering the filter question

The EDM 164 is switched on – no previous power failure was detected.

Mean/Weight Display of the filter weight for all measurements with the corresponding
sample volume. Continues to be displayed as long as the button is
pressed.
The gravimetry factor is taken into account for this display.

Standby Display of the serial number and hours of operation.

+ Filter has been replaced. The filter weight and mean values are erased.
The device starts with a self-test.

- Filter has not been replaced. The mean values are not erased. The
device starts with a self-test.

Table 3: Button functions before answering the filter question

All other button functions are the same as in standby mode.

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4.6.2 Button functions in measuring mode

Display of the mean dust concentration values for all measurements that were
evaluated (PM10; PM2.5; PM1) after switching on the device or after erasing the
mean values with the corresponding sample volume. The gravimetry factor is
taken into account for this display. The sample volume for the mean values
Mean/Weight appears after approximately 5 seconds and is displayed as long as the button is
pressed. Pressing {Mean/Weight} and the {+} button at the same time displays
the expected filter weight and the corresponding sample volume. All
measurements after filter replacement are included in the calculation. The
gravimetry factor is not taken into account here.

Pressing this button interrupts the current measurement and puts the device into
Standby
standby mode.

PM Mode Stops the output of measurements as long as the button is pressed.

Pressing this button displays the configured measuring location number. This
number can be changed by pressing the {Battery/Location} and {+} or {–}
Battery/Location
buttons at the same time. Battery charge level (since the device is only operated
on mains voltage, this always shows 130%).

Alarm Press this button to query the current alarm value.

Displaying the sensor values on a cycle is activated when you press this button.
+ Then the sensor values are also shown in the first line of the display in addition
to the configured measurement.

Displaying the sensor values on a cycle is suppressed when the button is


-
pressed.

Date/Time The current date and time are displayed by pressing this button.

Pressing this button shows the current temperature and relative humidity status
Temp./rH.
on the display.

Table 4: Button functions in measuring mode

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4.6.3 Button functions in standby mode

Same as measuring mode, but also resets the mean values and average
Mean/Weight measurement volume by simultaneously pressing the {Mean/Weight} and {-}
buttons.

Standby Pressing this button exits standby mode and starts a new measurement series.

By pressing the {+} or {-} button in addition, 2 desired PM values to show on the
PM Mode
display can be chosen from PM10, PM2.5 or PM1.

The measuring location number can be changed by pressing the


Battery/Location
{Battery/Location} and {+} or {-} buttons at the same time.

The mass threshold for triggering the alarm can be changed by pressing the
Alarm
Alarm button in combination with the {+} or {-} button. (0 means off).

Increases the interval after inserting a memory card. Displays the mailbox
+
contents and scrolls up (optional with installed PCMCIA modem).

Decreases the interval after inserting a memory card, displays the mailbox
-
contents and scrolls down (optional with installed modem).

Short press: Display of date and time.


Longer press: Adjust date and time.

Date/Time The location of the flashing cursor can be changed by pressing the {+} or {-}
button. Pressing the {Date/Time} button again advances the cursor. If no button
is pressed for some time, the device returns to standby mode. When changing
the minutes, the seconds are simultaneously reset to zero.

Pressing the button shows the current sensor values (top row) and time (bottom
Temp./rH.
row) on the display. Pressing it again cancels the display.

Mean/Weight + Outputs the contents of the internal memory or PCMCIA memory card over the
Alarm RS-232 interface.

Mean/Weight + The internal memory or inserted memory card is erased after confirming with
Temp./rH {+}.

Table 5: Button functions in standby mode

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5 Particle measuring with Grimm dual technology

5.1 The measurement principle

The sample air is conducted into the measuring chamber through a stainless steel tube (interior diameter
di=3mm). Particles contained in the sample air are classified by size and number in the measuring
chamber using scattered light measurement. A small sensing volume is exposed to a laser with
downstream optics. The flow of particles is conducted through this sensing volume. For environmental
measurements, the concentration of solids is so low that statistically there is only one particle in the
sensing volume. The scattered light emitted by each particle is captured by a second set of optics with an
opening angle and a scatter angle, deflected to a detector by a mirror, and the light intensity is measured.
The particle size is proportional to the intensity of the reflected beam of light. The count rate is derived
from the number of particles and the volume flow rate. When the particle diameter and density are known,
the particle mass can be derived from the particle count based on the assumption of a spherical shape.
The light intensity is also influenced by the particle shape and refraction index. This influence is very
minor for environmental measurements.

Figure 5-1: Measurement principle

The measurement principle is shown in Figure 5-1. Test aerosols with a known particle size and density
are used to determine the scattered light intensity. An empirically established correction factor is applied
to determine the mass concentration of polydisperse mixtures.

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A semiconductor laser serves as the light source in the 164DM spectrometer. In order to minimise the
influence of the refraction indexes, the 90° scattered light is guided to a receiver diode by a mirror with an
opening angle of approximately 120°. After amplification, the electrical signal of the diode is classified in
31 size channels according to the signal strength. This makes it possible to determine the grain size
distribution of the particles.
The channel limits are listed in table 6. From the measured grain size distribution, the fractions are
calculated using calculation factors and summed. The calculation factors are based on the cumulative
frequency distribution of DIN EN 12341 (PM10), DIN EN 14907 (PM2.5). Adjustments are made under
consideration of the separation behaviour of the sample intake on the test device and the particle density
through correlation with gravimetric measurements. A reference unit is configured with defined latex
particles to calibrate the channel limits. All other devices are compared to it prior to delivery and should
be subsequently checked against it on a 1-year cycle. The 164DM spectrometer should be returned to the
manufacturer for this purpose.

0,25 0,28 0,30 0,35 0,40 0,45 0,50 0,58 0,65 0,70 0,80 1,0 1,3 1,6 2,0 2,5

3,0 3,5 4,0 5,0 6,5 7,5 8,0 10,0 12,5 15,0 17,5 20,0 25,0 30,0 32,0

Table 6: Channel limits for internal dust measurement of the test device in μm

5.2 Calibration, physical background

Particle size detection is calibrated with mono-dispersive latex certified by the NIST (National Institute of
Standards and Technology). The dust mass calculation is calibrated with dolomite dust in comparison to a
reference unit. All devices are delivered with a calibration certificate!

The condition of a spectrometer should be checked annually. Send the device to the
manufacturer for this purpose, where it is inspected and calibrated with the help of a
reference unit. Alternatively the customer can perform the calibration directly. A calibration
tower and reference device are required to do so. Two special training sessions are
required for the correct operation of the calibration tower. The reference device must be
inspected and certified annually by the manufacturer using mono-dispersive latex aerosol.

Each manufacturer uses a different method for the calibration of aerosol spectrometers. Such a method
can be called a “house standard”. Because there is no worldwide calibration standard for aerosol
spectrometers, all manufacturers should use the same standard aerosol particles for size calibration, for
example polystyrene-latex or PSL. The Grimm “calibration house standard” is based on a comparison
between a reference device calibrated with PSL and the spectrometer candidate.
A calibration characteristic curve with all relevant parameters of our spectrometer (laser wavelength,
detector position, detector opening angle, PSL refraction index m = 1.60 +i0, etc.) has been calculated for
the reference device. The reference device is supplied with various mono-dispersive PSL samples and
the particle size measurements are validated for this standard material. As the master device, the first
Grimm reference device was in turn compared to the laser aerosol spectrometer model LAS-X from PMS,
Boulder, Colorado as a reference device. We ensure correct particle size measurements in the specified
channels with this procedure, for instance 31 for the models 107, 180 and 365.
The particle size is calibrated with NIST traceable polystyrene-latex from the company Duke Scientific.
This means the optical latex equivalent diameters are measured. The size channels refer to electronic
thresholds. When a single particle passes through the laser beam, the incident laser light is scattered.
This scattered light is collected by a mirror and focused on the detector at a specified angle. The photons
captured by the detector emit a “raw signal” which is amplified and classified into particle size channels.
Therefore the number and size of the aerosol particles can be measured.

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A spectrometer candidate is calibrated against a reference device with the help of a fully computer-
controlled, automated “Grimm calibration tower” using dolomite dust as the standard aerosol. Why
dolomite dust? Dolomite dust is non-toxic, non-hygroscopic, poly-dispersive and very stable in storage.
The dolomite dust covers the entire size range for all Grimm spectrometers from approximately 0.25 µm
to > 30 µm. Since both the reference unit and the spectrometer candidate are manufactured the same
way, the dolomite dust has to lead to identical results for the two spectrometers. The dolomite dust is
blown into the top of the cylindrical calibration tower by a short blast of particle-free compressed air and
homogeneously distributed through the entire cross-section. A reference unit and three or six candidates
with identical aerosol intakes are installed on the lower section of the calibration tower. A return flow of
particle-free compressed air from the bottom to the top guarantees a clearly defined and reproducible
aerosol particle distribution during the entire calibration process.
During calibration, the number in each individual channel starting with the largest is compared
simultaneously between the reference device and the spectrometer candidate. The calibration software
can compare 32 size channels at the same time. The statistical comparison is based on a mean value
formed from two cycles of two minutes and ten minutes. Depending on the measured particle
concentration, the calibration software can electronically adjust the threshold of the candidate.
Lower threshold = more particles in the channel
Higher threshold = fewer particles in the channel

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Figure 5-2: Screenshot of the Grimm calibration software during the calibration process

The columns in the table in Figure 5-2 show the 31 channels. From top to bottom, the rows in the table
show the particle concentration of the reference device and, for each candidate, the electronic threshold
settings, the particle concentration of the candidate and the calculated relative error.
Three different colours are used to indicate the significance of the relative errors: Red values during the
calibration process indicate that a channel is outside the tolerance range. Green values indicate that the
calibration is within the permitted tolerance range. Black values mean that the relative error is being
stored for quality assurance and documentation, the channel threshold is being fixed and the channel is
identified as “Calibrated” in the software table. Comparing the mean values is repeated around ten times
for each size channel until all measurements for the candidate compared to the reference device are
repeatedly within the permitted tolerance range with an accuracy of ± 2%. Since the particle diameter is
used to the power of three in calculating the particle mass, the certified accuracy for mass mode is ± 5%.
The calibration software checks all relevant parameters and the quantity of calibration dust to ensure that
the concentrations lie above a certain minimum. All results are stored electronically and saved in the
database for quality assurance purposes. Calibration on the tower is followed by an additional
comparison under indoor conditions. The following screenshot from the Grimm calibration software
CalSoft is provided for clarification. What are known as “ramps” show an example of the measured
particle number concentration for a candidate compared to the reference unit, respectively before and
after calibration.

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Figure 5-3: Calibration, particle number concentration for all 31 size channels

Figure 5-4: Dolomite comparison, particle number concentration for all 31 size channels

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For the environmental device models (EDM164, EDM180, EDM365), a continuous test of the complete
system with its own sample collection probe and housing is now performed. The systems are operated in
an outdoor test for approximately two days for validation. All functions such as sensors for temperature
and relative humidity or temperature control are tested in this process. The data recorded during the
continuous test are statistically evaluated and stored in a database.

5.3 Calibration label

The calibration label on top of the cover of the 164DM spectrometer is punched to indicate the month and
year when the calibration expires. After expiry Grimm Aerosol Technik assumes no liability for the
accuracy of the measurements within the specified error limits. This also applies if the calibration label is
damaged or removed.

Figure 5-5: Calibration label

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6 Measurement process

6.1 Putting the EDM 164 into operation

Before starting the measuring process, determine how the measurement data will be recorded and
processed. The following are available to you depending on your equipment version and options:

Online data capture with a PC and storage on a PCMCIA memory card

Storage of the data on a PCMCIA memory card only

Storage on the datalogger with installed micro-SD card.


For recording the data using a PC connected via the RS 232 interface, see Section 7.1.2.

The PCMCIA memory card has to be inserted into the spectrometer before starting the
measuring process. The memory card has to be accepted by the spectrometer. Please
note the information in Section 4.6 for the installation and use of the PCMCIA memory
card.

Data may be lost if the PCMCIA memory card is not installed properly.

After switching on the spectrometer, the display shows the model designation and software version
number. The date and time are displayed after approximately 5 seconds.
After the memory card is detected, the size of the memory card (Card), version number (Version),
configured data storage interval (the interval can be changed in standby mode with the {+} /{-} buttons)
and the available storage capacity as storage time are displayed one after the other.
By pressing the {Standby} button (only while “Filter Changed? Press + yes - no” is shown on the display),
the serial number and hours of operation for the device are displayed. The pump and laser operating
duration is counted as the operating time. The functions of the remaining buttons are the same as
described in Section 4.6. Now the device asks if the filter has been changed (Filter Changed?). This is a
standard question about the PTFE filter. It is asked even though your spectrometer is equipped with a
glass bottle and BQ filter instead of a PTFE filter. Always press the {-} key since you have not changed
the filter. Answering yes with the {+} button resets the calculated filter weight and the corresponding
sample volume to zero. These values are important for service (evaluating the filter load). The keyboard
response is delayed to prevent the values from being erased unintentionally. You have to press and hold
the {+} button for at least one second until a beep is heard. Now the measuring process starts with a self-
test that takes about 30 seconds.
Every measurement is initiated by a self-test. The measuring cell is purged with clean air. Several
different measurements are taken in this process, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the device
status.
If the device is intact, the following message is displayed: “Self-Test OK”. Otherwise this message is
displayed: “New Self Test”.
Should this error message occur more than once, there is a device fault that has to be rectified. The
measurement device attempts to perform the self-test 5 times. Then the message “Fatal Error Please
Check!” is displayed. Also see Section 10.3.

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6.2 Display of measurements

In standby mode the display of measurements can be changed by pressing the {PM Mode} and {+} or {-}
buttons. In any case the output is a rolling average over the course of one minute. Only two
measurements can be shown at the same time since the display has two lines. By pressing the {+} button
during measurement operation, the measurements, temperature and relative humidity of the connected
meteorological sensor (see Section 3.4) can be shown in the second line alternating on a cycle. This
display mode is cancelled by pressing the
{-} button.

6.3 Model versions of the EDM 164

The EDM 164 as a continuously measuring environmental dust monitor in a weather protection housing
with the 164DM spectrometer for simultaneous measurement is offered in seven versions. Use the matrix
below for easier orientation.

PM10 Total particle count


PM2.5 PM 1, PMC, TSP* 31 size channels
(TC)
Type Online Storage Online Storage Online Storage Online Storage Online Storage
A x x
B x x
C x x x** x**
CE x x x*** x***
D x x x x x x x
E**** x x x x x x x x x
MC x x x x x x x x

(*) Either PM1, PMC or TSP can be recorded. This has to be configured using the country code before starting the measuring
process (see Section 7.1.2).
(**) PMC can also be recorded instead of PM2.5, with configuration using the country code.
(***) Only TSP can be recorded, not switchable.
(****) PM10, PM2.5, PM1 or PMC or TSP, TC in version 7.80 or switchable in
31 size channels in version 12.30 (see Section 7.3.2)

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7 Software

7.1 HyperTerminal via RS-232 interface

7.1.1 HyperTerminal instructions

Every Grimm spectrometer can be operated with corresponding control commands using HyperTerminal.
HyperTerminal is a text-based communication program included with the Windows operating system
since Windows 2.0. Windows no longer includes HyperTerminal since Windows Vista, but this can be
downloaded from the pages of the company Hilgraeve as a billable or free download.

Establishing a HyperTerminal cable connection

With the datalogger installed, disconnect the yellow patch cable from the RS232-4 interface on the
datalogger and use the supplied RJ45 coupling with the included patch cable and USB adapter to
connect it to the USB port on your PC or laptop.
If a datalogger was not ordered, this yellow patch cable is installed open so that the connection can be
made using the supplied RJ45 coupling with the included patch cable and USB adapter to the USB port
on your PC or laptop.
HyperTerminal is found under:
START /PROGRAMS / ACCESSORIES COMMUNICATION HYPERTERMINAL
1. Enter a name for the new connection and confirm with OK.

Figure 7-1: New HyperTerminal connection

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2. Select the COM interface used to connect the device and confirm with OK.

Figure 7-2: Interface selection

3. The following settings have to be configured.

Figure 7-3: Transmission parameters

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4. Check the connection by pressing {v}. Now the version of your device has to be displayed.

The {?} character opens a help screen.

Figure 7-4: Help screen of the 164DM spectrometer

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5. Once you have established a connection, go to TRANSFER and CAPTURE TEXT.

Figure 7-5: Capturing text in HyperTerminal

6. Now enter the desired file name with the file extension *.TXT!

Figure 7-6: Creating a text file and storing the captured text

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7. Press “d” and the following has to be displayed:


D
Memo card: 7.80 from: 79H14009
Location: 1:
8. Press “ENTER” to start the data transfer.
Once the data transfer is complete, OK appears under the final dataset. Then go to
TRANSFER CAPTURE TEXT END.

7.1.2 RS-232 commands

A Output of the current alarm value. It can be changed in standby mode.

B Output of the battery charge level (always 130%)


ASCII data transfer from the memory card (only in standby), location “0” for all locations

D Read memory

E Output error code (ERROR)

Error code Display output Meaning


128 NEW SELFTEST Self-test error
64 NO MEMOCARD No memory card, incorrect version or
card with data from another device
32 Unused
16 Self-test after power failure
8 VACUUM ERROR Insufficient vacuum
PLEASE CHECK
4 FLOW-ERROR Volume flow control outside the control
range
3 Unused
2 CHECK FILTER Negative pressure >50 mbar
1 Unused

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F Activate fast mode. The measurement data are output over the RS-232 interface every 6
seconds but not stored.

G Output gravimetry factor. It can be changed in standby mode. On model 164 the gravimetry
factor can be changed between 0.5 and 2.5 in increments of 0.01.

H Output hours of operation

I Interval for normal output and storage in memory. It can be changed in standby mode.
Storage interval setting:
0 = 1 minute
1 = 5 minutes
2 = 10 minutes
3 = 15 minutes
4 = 30 minutes
5 = 60 minutes
6 = 6 seconds

J Output of the separation characteristics of the data (e.g. PM10).


J
J: PM10 PM2.5 PM1.0

L Output measuring location number and change in standby mode

M Output mean values and their sample volume.

O Output memory size (only in standby mode). If a {+} is sent after outputting the capacity, the
memory is erased entirely.

P Modem preferences submenu

R Run. Start the measurements from standby mode.

S End of measurement, switch to standby mode.

T Time output. The clock can be set in standby mode. If the minutes are changed, the
seconds are set to zero. (Time)

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U Keyboard lock
U=0 Keyboard unlocked
U=1 Unable to go to standby mode
U=2 No keyboard operation possible

V Output version number of the device software


V
Version: 7.80 E

W Output filter weight and corresponding sample volume (weight)

Z Output and subsequent reset of the mean values and the volume (zero)

@ Output of the serial number

@
Ser.No. 87F14017

Long Turning on the dust monitor (if shut off with ^Y)
Break

Under Output of the “user” texts and analogue input factors (only in standby mode). Example:
score

The three user texts are output in the first line. The second line first shows the three
multiplication factors for the analogue voltages and then the offset values.

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$ Select or change the user texts and the factors for the analogue voltage outputs on the
display (only in standby mode). Special characters (via ASCII 127) cannot be input. The ‘°’
character (ASCII 248) is output as ‘_’. Preconfigured texts can be selected with the TAB key
and confirmed with the enter key. They can also be overwritten with any texts. Numeric
output is always five digits and begins at the 9th place. An audible warning is emitted if
characters are entered here, except a decimal point. The multiplication factor that refers to
1V can then be entered after the text. It can also be changed with the ‘*’ command.
Example: Temperature sensor: 0°C = 3.0V and 50°C:=:8.0V User text: Temp.: °C
User factor: 10.0 [°C/V] Offset: 3.00V
The sensor data are read directly from the climate sensor (sensors starting with ID “E”, as
3rd character in the serial number, are equipped with an EEPROM for the sensor data).
Transferring the data from the EEPROM, including the user text, only takes place if the user
factors in the device are set to 1.0 and the offset values to 0.0. Recalibration by the user
therefore continues to be possible (positive offset values are not possible).

* Change the user factors and offset (only in standby mode).

% Display the memory size and available memory if nothing is overwritten.

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All of following commands are issued with {Ctrl} + {letter}

^A Output calibration factors for the analogue input voltages

^B Set the baud rate for data transmission:


0 = 9,600 baud
1 = 19,200 baud
3 = 57,600 baud

^D Suppresses the transfer of measurements

^E Request for mass value transfer/turn off fast mode

^L Country setting (E or U) for date output on the dust monitor (in standby mode only).
0…EU…PM1
1…US…PM1
2…EU…PMC
3…US…PM1
4…EU…TSP
5…US…PM1

^T Timer mode to turn the dust monitor on and off automatically

^Y Turn off the dust monitor

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7.2 Grimm Windows 1178 software

The fully revised 1178 software was introduced in 2010 and is compatible with the 32 and 64-bit operating
systems starting with Windows XP.
Data are shown numerically or graphically in the following formats:
Number distribution: Particle number concentration in all channels as particles per litre
Depending on device version
Occupational safety: Three mass fractions (inhalable, thoracic and respirable) in the unit µg/m³. The
values are calculated with a uniform density factor for all size channels and
specific weight factors (not public) based on the number distribution,
incorporating the European EN 481 standard. Depending on device version
Environmental protection:Three mass fractions (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) in the unit µg/m³.
The values are calculated with a uniform density factor for all size channels
and specific weight factors (not public) based on the measured number
distribution, incorporating relevant standards.
External sensors: Depending on type, for example temperature, relative humidity, flow rate.
Service data: Pump flow, battery charge level, operating errors etc.
Statistics: Various statistical performance figures for the measurements as well as
presentation of mean values and box plots for PM values and mass fractions
according to occupational safety.
The GRIMM 1178 software supports online statistical data analysis, the analysis of the device functions
and a complete system diagnosis.

7.2.1 Installation of the 1178 software

The software is provided to you with the order on the supplied USB stick. The installation instructions
refer to installation from the USB stick.
1. First install the runtime and Visa from the folder “Schritt_1_Runtime_+_VISA”
2. Open “Schritt_2_Spektrometer-Software” and copy the folder “1178_Vx-x” to your hard drive,
for example to C:\Program Files\Grimm
3. Copy the license file from the folder “Schritt_3_Lizenzdatei-für-Software” to the folder
“1178_Vx-x” on your hard drive
For demo measurements – user code: “Demo”
Alternatively you can download the English-language installation instructions for the Labview software
from the homepage of Grimm Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG. Under www.grimm-aerososl.com, go to
the pull-down “Products” and select “Software”. In the file “Installation Process and Software Manual” in
German and English, select the English version and install the 1178 version including the license file
according to these instructions.

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7.2.2 Screenshots of the software

This is a view of the home screen


after the software has recognised
the connected spectrometer.

Figure 7-7: Home screen

Window to select the measuring


interval.

Figure 7-8: Setting the measuring interval

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Window for synchronisation of the


time and date between the
spectrometer and PC.

Figure 7-9: Time synchronisation

You can enter the following for easier


data identification:

A comment

The user

Information about the


measuring location
These data are included in the header
when exporting to MS Excel.

Figure 7-10: Selecting the file name and storage location

Overview of the determined values:


The window to the left displays the
mass values in addition to the count
values in selected ranges.
The window on the right displays the
count values across all channels.

Figure 7-11: Count values

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Figure 7-12: Particle distribution diagram (counts)

Use the (dN.., dS.., dM..) tabs


above the graphical display to
evaluate various distributions
such as the particle count,
particle surface and particle
mass.

Figure 7-13: Particle mass distribution diagram

Further analyses of the counts, for example regarding the particle diameters, number of particles in table
form and other characteristics, are possible with the Grimm Windows 1178 software. Further information
is found in the manual for the Grimm Windows 1178 software.

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7.3 Displaying measurements from the measurement device

7.3.1 With the terminal program

The device has to be set to service mode 0 before switching. This requires a terminal program.
The following versions are possible depending on the order (see page 56):

Model A

Model B

Model C

Model CE

Model D

Model E

Model MC
Version 7.80
PM 10, PM 2.5, PM1.0 in memory, display and via the RS232 interface
Version 12.30
31 channels particle count/size distribution in memory, display and via the RS 232 interface.

7.3.2 Activating service mode 0

To activate service mode 0, follow these steps:

Send the { | } character (this is done with {Alt Gr} and the < > key, or with Alt 124 on the
number pad. Therefore the ASCII Code is 124 decimal)

Press the Tab key

Press the {v} button to check

The firmware date has to be displayed in addition to the firmware


Using the Grimm EDM 164 as an example:
Without service mode
V
Version: 7.80 E
With service mode
|
V
Version: 7.80 E DM180G 23.1.2008 87C552:011 DM180GL 23.01.2008
or
|
V
Version: 12.30 E DM180G 23.1.2008 87C552:011 DM180GL 23.01.2008

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With Ctrl and v then { (open curly bracket, ASCII 123), the device is switched to
version 7.80.
With Ctrl and v then } (closed curly bracket, ASCII 125), the device is switched to
version 12.30.

Important:
Before changing the version, the memory/memory card should be read since it has
to be reinitialised after switching.

The memory has to be erased after changing the version (see Section 4.4.3).

7.3.3 Returning to service mode 0:

Send the { | } character (this is done with {Alt Gr} and the < > key, or with Alt 124 on the
number pad. Therefore the ASCII Code is 124 decimal)

Send a random character to exit service mode 0

7.3.4 Using the Grimm Windows 1178 software

The Grimm Windows software recognises the connected spectrometer in the initialisation process, reads
the drivers and sets the display type for the measuring results. This process is fully automated.

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8 Accessories

8.1 Data interfaces on the EDM 164

8.1.1 Serial RS-232 interface

Communication between the EDM 164 and a PC or datalogger can be established over the serial
interface. A yellow RJ-45 cable is connected to this interface at the factory, connecting the datalogger to
the spectrometer. If a datalogger is not installed, this connection can be used with an RJ-45 coupling and
the supplied RJ-45 to USB adapter cable. When a datalogger is installed, the yellow RJ-45 plug can also
be disconnected from the datalogger and used for communication with a PC. However, the datalogger is
not able to record measurement data from the spectrometer during this time.
Alternatively you establish the data connection between the 164DM spectrometer and the PC by
removing the RS-232 cable from the 164DM spectrometer and connecting the 1141A data cable to the
RS-232 jack on the spectrometer.

Please note: The spectrometer has a serial RS-232 interface. To exchange data with a
PC, it has to have a corresponding interface as well. Corresponding USB adapters are
available as accessories from Sales.

8.1.2 RJ-45 connections

Green plug

This cable is connected to the datalogger and used to transfer the position data from the GPS mouse.

Yellow plug

This cable is used for data communication from the spectrometer to the datalogger or a PC.

Red plug

This cable transfers data from the weather station sensor to the datalogger.

GSM

This cable is used to connect the GSM antenna to the datalogger.

If a datalogger was not ordered, the cables stick out past the cover plate to the top left.
Communication using HyperTerminal or another terminal program, or the Grimm
Windows 1178 software, is possible using the yellow RJ-45 cable and an RJ-45
coupling with the Grimm 1141DL cable. The Grimm Windows 1178 software can be
used for further evaluation of the measurement data.

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8.2 Weather station connection

The weather station cable is connected to the “Weather


Station” connection on the front plate and from there to
the datalogger inside the device.

Figure 8-1: Weather station connection

8.3 Measurement transmission

In firmware 7.xx the mass concentration values are output with a multiplier of 10 due to the resolution of
0.1 μg/m³! At the end of an interval, the measurements are output with the corresponding lead data. The
mean values for the storage interval are transmitted for the mass display. The measurements are
identified with [ N ] for mass, [ _ ] for mean value and [ , ] for the factor 10. For column assignment see
the command {J}.

In firmware 12.30 the particle concentrations are output at intervals of 1 minute to 1 hour as particles per
litre [C_:]. In the 6-second interval, the particle number concentration is output in the unit of particles per
100 millilitres [C0:].

8.3.1 P-line

There are three data strings for measurement transmission. The actual measurements as counts or
mass, the P-line with lead data and the K-line with calibration data.
The K-line appears once after ending the self-test at the start of every measurement and contains
information about the state of the laser diode and optical measuring cell. A detailed description is
provided in Section 6.4.
The P-line is marked with a “P” and contains the lead data such as the date, time, sensor values and
some service values. The P-line is output via the terminal and stored on the USB stick/memory card.
According to the configured interval, the P-line appears once or for instance after each dataset in what is
known as fast P-mode. It is structured as follows:
P 14 9 23 12 56 1 0 0 100 25 64 4 0 0 0 6 217 375 36.2 33.6 N51.6279 E12.3962 H97

The data in the P-line are designated as follows:


Year Mon Day Hr Min Loc GF Err Qbatt Im UeL Ue4 Ue3 Ue2 Ue1 Iv P_Weight P_Vol[l] rH_i Temp_i GPS-
Position

The meanings of the individual values are explained below using sample values (in bold).
P 14 9 23 12 56 1 0 0 100 25 64 4 0 0 0 6 217 375 36.2 33.6 N51.6279 E12.3962
H97
The measuring time with year, month, day, hour and minute is stored in the first five places.

P 14 9 23 12 56 1 0 0 100 25 64 4 0 0 0 6 217 375 36.2 33.6 N51.6279 E12.3962 H97

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This is followed by the measuring location, which can be chosen from 1 to 99, and the gravimetry factor.
For measurements in count mode, the gravimetry factor is not considered. The gravimetry factor can be
configured in mass mode. The factory default setting is 1.

P 14 9 23 12 56 1 00 100 25 64 4 0 0 0 6 217 375 36.2 33.6 N51.6279 E12.3962 H97


Error codes are stored in the eighth place. The error codes are encoded as bit values. For the meanings
of the error codes, see the table under control command E in Section 7.1.2. A value of 0 means there is
no error.

P 14 9 23 12 56 1 0 0 100 25 64 4 0 0 0 6 217 375 36.2 33.6 N51.6279 E12.3962 H97


The battery charge level is stored in the ninth place, followed by the motor current input of the internal
sample air pump. Both values are given in percent. A value of 130 for the battery charge level indicates
that the spectrometer is operated on the power supply. Typical values for the motor current input are
between 10 and 40%.

P 14 9 23 12 56 1 0 0 100 25 64 4 0 0 0 6 217 375 36.2 33.6 N51.6279 E12.3962


H97
The next five values contain the measurements from optional sensors, for example the temperature,
relative humidity and flow rate. Please contact the nearest GRIMM sales office or dealer for further
information.

P 14 9 23 12 56 1 0 0 100 25 64 4 0 0 0 6 217 375 36.2 33.6 N51.6279 E12.3962 H97


Iv indicates the current measuring interval.

P 14 9 23 12 56 1 0 0 100 25 64 4 0 0 0 6 217 375 36.2 33.6 N51.6279 E12.3962


H97
p_weight indicates the dust weight in µg that has passed the measuring cell since the last service/reset.
p_vol indicates how many litres of air have passed the measuring cell since the last service/reset.

8.3.2 K-line, function test of the optical measuring cell, laser diode and photo diode

The condition of the optical measuring cell and the function of the optics, photo diode in the optical
measuring cell and laser diode are determined during the self-test. These values appear in what is called
the K-line in case of data output using HyperTerminal. The individual values in the K-line are explained in
the following.

DC/V DC_D DC_H C0_H C0_D LA_l LA_H


K 665 1292 1654 0 0 59 105
The value DC/v shows the DC voltage of the pre-amplifier without bias voltage (offset value). This serves
as a reference value and has no meaning for the customer.

DC/V DC_D DC_H C0_H C0_D LA_l LA_H


K 665 1292 1654 0 0 59 105
The photo diode generates an open-circuit voltage when the laser diode is off. This open-circuit voltage is
called DC_d where d stands for “dark”. A value of 1292 in the K-line for example corresponds to a voltage
of 129.2 mV.
When the laser is turned on, the voltage of the photo diode in the example shown above increases to
165.4 mV. The h in DC_h stands for “high”. The increase in the DC voltage results from the residual light
of the laser, e.g. due to reflection in the measuring cell. Most of the laser light is normally absorbed by the
light trap.

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The DC_d and DC_h values are variable, for example depending on the temperature. However, the
difference between DC_h and DC_d should always remain nearly constant. Approximately 36 mV in the
example above (165.4 mV – 129.2 mV). Therefore the difference is a good indicator for the condition of
the measuring cell.
If the difference between DC_d and DC_h changes a lot, the optics have to be cleaned or repaired by a
service technician. The nominal difference between DC_d and DC_h can be obtained for each device
from the most recent service record, or for new equipment from the acceptance record.
If the state of the measuring cell changes, for instance because of dirt, this difference increases rapidly.
For example, lint caught in the aerosol intake nozzle and projecting into the laser beam can cause the
DC_h value to rise to 65000. In this case it is even possible that 0 is displayed for DC_h. A difference
near zero, e.g. 2.3 mV is typical for a defective laser diode. A defective laser diode only emits weak light
similar to a red LED.

DC/V DC_D DC_H C0_H C0_D LA_I LA_H


K 665 1292 1654 0 0 59 105
The values C0_h and C0_d always have to be 0.
C0_h stands for counts without particles or zero counts with the laser turned on, and h therefore means
“high”. Particle-free purge air flows through the measuring cell during the self-test. Therefore no particles
can get into the measuring cell and the value has to be 0. A value not equal to zero indicates unwanted
particles in the measuring cell, e.g. due to a leak in the sample air path.
C0_d is determined with the laser turned off and d therefore stands for “dark”. If a value not equal to zero
is listed under C0_d, this indicates a problem with the signal amplifier. Since no scattered light can be
produced without laser light, this has to be caused by electronic interference.

DC/V DC_D DC_H C0_H C0_D LA_I LA_H


K 665 1292 1654 0 0 59 105
The laser diode in a Grimm aerosol spectrometer is operated with two alternating laser outputs in what is
known as multiplex mode. La_l “low” means low laser current in mA and La_h “high” means high laser
current. If the La_h current increases to values greater than 180 mA, the laser diode is probably
defective.
All devices include a quality assurance acceptance record containing the K-line values from factory
calibration by the manufacturer for comparative purposes.

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8.4 Weather station measurement display

Three different digital weather sensors are available for the EDM 164. Note that these sensors can only
be used together with the 1142.M5 datalogger to link the meteorological values to the measuring results.

Model number Explanation

157 L Sensor for temperature, humidity and pressure

158 L Sensor for temperature, humidity, pressure, wind direction and wind speed

159 L Sensor for temperature, humidity, pressure, wind direction, wind speed and amount
of precipitation

Please request the datalogger manual for further information and the datalogger output. For general
information, write to contact@grimm-aerosol.com.
Depending on the chosen sensor and the number of climate measurements, somewhat more storage
space is needed on the memory card so that the total storage time decreases slightly.

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Model EDM 164

8.5 Service mode settings

Service mode 0 is a service mode for anyone. Main functions:

Function without climate sensors

HyperTerminal command ^F to correct the flow rate

Switching from PM to count mode (optional, depending on version)


Service mode can also be activated with {Alt} + {124} (ASCII character 124) or {AltGr} {><} key followed
by the {Tab} key.

With data output over the RS-232 interface, additional data and explanatory texts are output. Several
additional control commands are available, such as querying the most recent service with “~” Last Service
or correcting the flow rate with “^F” Flow Adjust.

Example 1:
Pressing V in user mode displays the software version number:
V
Version : 12.30 E

Pressing V in service mode displays the processor type and creation date for the two firmware elements
in addition to the firmware version number.
V
Version : 12.30 E DM109G 17.12.2007 87C552:011 DM109G 14.12.2007
Example 2:
Normal data presentation in user mode:

Data presentation in service mode with brief explanation of the P-line values:

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8.6 Datalogger

8.6.1 Installation of the datalogger

The mechanical installation of the datalogger is described in Section 3.3. Please refer to that section for
subsequent installation.

8.6.2 Interfaces on the datalogger

The plate illustrated here is installed on every


datalogger. The face side with all
connections that can be easily concealed in
the installed state is shown at the top.
Study this illustration closely and remember
the corresponding connections.
The cables for connection to the datalogger
are pre-installed in the EDM 164 so that the
datalogger can be easily installed at any
time.

Figure 8-2: Datalogger plate

The interfaces on the datalogger are:

RS232-1: Connection for nano-sensor or PAH sensor

RS232-2: Connection for service activities

RS232-3: Connection for GPRS mouse

RS232-4: Connection for spectrometer

RS485: Connection for the meteorological sensor

Ethernet: Laptop/PC connection:

Micro-SD card slot: Slot for micro-SDHC card with 4 GB storage capacity, FAT32
formatted

GSM: Connection for antenna

DC: Connection for power to datalogger (12-28 VDC)

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Model EDM 164

RS 232-1 Connection for nano-sensor or PAH sensor

When a nano-sizer or PAH sensor is added to the system, the sensor cable is connected to this
connection.
However, the housing of the EDM 164 does not have room for a nano-sizer or PAH sensor. If you need to
add a nano-sizer or PAH sensor to the EDM 164, please contact your GRIMM dealer or GRIMM Aerosol
Technik GmbH & Co. KG for advice.

RS 232-2 Connection for service activities

This connection is used for various service activities.

RS 232-3 Connection for GPS mouse

For device positioning via GPS, a GPRS mouse can be connected to this connection (green cable).
Subsequently the position of the device can be checked on the website www.grimm-network.com
(provided the datalogger is connected to the Internet).

RS 232-4 Connection for spectrometer

The spectrometer is connected here (yellow cable).

RS485: Connection for meteorological sensor

The red cable for the meteorology sensor is connected here.

Ethernet connection

The Ethernet connection has a standard pin assignment that corresponds to conventional network cables.
Either a crossover or a standard patch cable available from retailers may be used.
The interface automatically detects a 10 Mbit/s or 100 Mbit/s connection. The LED on the right indicates
the speed. The LED on the left shows incoming and outgoing data traffic.
IP settings such as the IP address, subnet mask and gateway can be easily configured using the
integrated HTML page. Alternatively the settings can be configured using a PC connected to the RS232-2
interface or the maintenance and control program for measuring station computers.
To integrate the EDM 164 into your network, you may have to change the IP address to meet your
requirements. Contact your network administrator in this case.
Every datalogger is delivered with the IP address 10.0.0.2. It can be accessed through a web browser to
display the HTML configuration page. In order to do so, connect the datalogger to your PC or company
network using the supplied patch cable. You may have to change the network settings on your PC.
Contact your network administrator in case of problems. Now you can change the IP address of the
datalogger according to your needs and depending on your company network. Subsequently you can
restore the original settings on your PC. The datalogger does not support the Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP).

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Micro-SD card slot:

A micro-SD card can be inserted here. Memory cards with a storage capacity up to 4 GB and speed class
4 or better are supported. All data are stored on the memory card as ASCII text files in the FAT32 format.
A file is created for each day. The individual data points are separated by semicolons and can be
imported into spreadsheet programs such as Excel or Calc.

GSM: Connection for antenna

A GSM antenna can be installed here to connect to the Internet via a GSM mobile telephone network.

DC: Connection for power to datalogger

The operating voltage of the datalogger is between 12 and 28 VDC.

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8.7 Accessories for the EDM 164

Order no. Description

164 Mobile Environmental Dust Monitor EDM 164

GFRP weather protection housing with heater, membrane


pump and space for the 164DM stationary spectrometer

164DM Stationary spectrometer

170H Sample collection tube 0.5 m

1141A Cable, RS-232 to USB

1142.M5 Datalogger

1178 32/64-bit LabVIEW software for model 164DM

1147B Acoustic and visual alarm emitter

1162 Simulation plug

157L Humidity, temperature and pressure sensor

158L Humidity, temperature and pressure sensor with wind


direction and wind speed

159L Humidity, temperature and pressure sensor with wind


direction, wind speed and amount of precipitation

Sources of supply

Accessories and consumables are available from your regional dealer or:
GRIMM Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG
Dorfstraße 9
D-83404 Ainring, Germany
Telephone: +49 (0) 8654-578-0

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9 Technical information

9.1 Technical data

Measurement principle: 90° light scattering.

Classification: In 31 different channels.

Light source: Laser diode, wavelength 660 nm

Laser energy: Pmax 60mW, Pnorm 0.5/32 mW (multiplex)

Size channels: The specified channel thresholds [µm] apply for a counting
efficiency of 50% with mono-dispersive latex aerosol
31 channels of the optical aerosol spectrometer, lower channel
limits:
0.25/ 0.28/ 0.3/ 0.35/ 0.4/ 0.45/ 0.5/ 0.58/ 0.65/ 0.7/ 0.8/ 1.0/ 1.3/
1.6/ 2/ 2.5/ 3/ 3.5/ 4/ 5/ 6.5/ 7.5/ 8.5/ 10/ 12.5/ 15/ 17.5/ 20/ 25/ 30/
32 [µm].

Thresholds: An efficiency of 50% is configured for mono-dispersive latex


aerosol.

Mass calculation: The mass calculation is performed as an arithmetic mean per


minute. The accuracy is ±5% across the entire measuring range.

Self-diagnosis: Automatically on start-up/timer set value

Measuring intervals:

Spectrometer of the EDM: 6s, 1min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min, 1h

Datalogger: 5s, 1min, 5min, 10min, 30min, 1h

Particle concentration: 1 – 2,000,000 P/L

Dust mass concentration: 1 – 100,000µg/m³

Sample air flow: 1.2 l/min ±5%, constantly controlled.

Purge air flow: 0.3 – 0.5 l/min, constantly controlled.

Control buttons: Using membrane keyboard or RS-232 interface.

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Model EDM 164

Dimensions of the EDM164 45 cm / 44 cm / 21 cm


housing, W/H/D:

Weight, with datalogger, 20 kg


meteorological sensor and sample
collection tube:

Overall height with installed 85 cm


meteorological sensor 159L:

Display: 2 lines x 16 characters.


Data output on display: Dust measurements as rolling average over
one minute or mean values with an overall sample air, alarm value,
gravimetric factor; location no., date, time, measurement data of the
optional accessories.

Analogue input: 3 connections (0-10V), resolution 10 bits, 0-10 VDC

RS-232 data interface: Baud rate 9600, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, XON /XOFF
protocol, can be used with original cable 1.141A

Memory card in the 164DM 1 MB or 4 MB PCMCIA memory card

Memory card in the datalogger: 4 GB micro-SDHC memory card

Data collection functions: Measurements per minute, date, time, measuring station
number, C-factor. Error codes, motor current, 3x analogue
inputs.

Electricity supply: 110 VAC to 230 VAC/ 50/60Hz, 12 VDC

Power consumption: P=150W; I (max.): 1.4 A

Operating temperature range: +4 to +40 °C, relative humidity <95% (non-condensing).

Transport temperature range: -20 to +50 °C, relative humidity <95% (non-condensing).

Air temperature for sample -20 to +60 °C, relative humidity <95% (non-corrosive).
collection:

Heating of the sample collection Constant 30 K over ambient temperature.


tube:

Pressure difference limits: 0 –30 mbar (short term)


(maximum –100 mbar)

With overpressure: max. +100 mbar usable for longer


measurements.

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9.1.1 Memory card 1142.A2 and 1142.A4

Different options are available for data storage in the EDM 164:

1 MB memory card (1142.A2)


or

4 MB memory card (1142.A4)


Data are stored according to the FIFO principle (first in – first out), meaning that the data written first are
overwritten and therefore erased first. To ensure meaningful data storage, the measuring results have to
be saved according to the time interval of the measurement.

9.1.2 1142.M5 datalogger

The 1142.M5 datalogger is a multifunctional device for storing, reading and evaluating the data from the
input devices together with the measuring results.

9.1.3 Acoustic and visual alarm emitter 12 VDC 1147B

The alarm emitter generates visual and acoustic signals when the alarm value on the spectrometer is
exceeded. The alarm threshold can be set for a selected channel.
To set the alarm value through the display, proceed as follows:
Put the spectrometer into standby mode. Then select the channel to be monitored. In order to do so,
press the {PM Mode} button and select the desired channel on the top line of the display by pressing the
{+}- or {-} button. Now press the {Alarm} button and set the desired alarm value by pressing the {+}- or {-
} button.
Alternatively the alarm value can be set using HyperTerminal with the {A} command.

The alarm emitter is triggered when the alarm value is exceeded.


When the alarm is triggered, it can be stopped by pressing the {Stand By} button. The spectrometer
switches to standby mode.
The alarm is deactivated by setting the alarm value to 0.

9.1.4 Rain protection cover

In regions with heavy rain (such as Asia, Australia, Africa and countries in South America), the large rain
protection cover for the sample collection head should be used so that water cannot enter the sample
collection system in case of heavy rainfall or wind-driven rain.

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9.2 Troubleshooting

The operating safety of the system is subject to continuous electronic monitoring. When faults occur, the
status messages below can be activated. If the configured alarm thresholds are exceeded and when
device faults occur, for example a flow rate control defect or similar, a corresponding message is shown
on the display and a warning signal sounds.

9.2.1 Alarm and error messages on the display

NO SENSOR! No climate sensor (temperature/humidity) connected, or defective


sensor. Measurement is terminated. Connect sensor or replace
PLEASE CHECK
defective sensor, switch spectrometer to measuring mode.

CARD ERROR! The memory card was inserted or removed during measurement, or
write protection is active or has been activated. Set the 164DM
PLEASE CHECK
spectrometer to standby mode, pull out the memory card, check it for
write protection, insert the card into the spectrometer and set the
spectrometer to measuring mode.

NEW SELF TEST This fault in the self-test phase of the dust measurement device can
have various causes. (see 9.2.3)

SELF TEST NOT OK This error message can have numerous causes (see 9.2.3). Connect
the spectrometer to a PC and start HyperTerminal in service mode 0,
then restart the spectrometer. Log the error message that is output over
the interface and contact the nearest service technician for information
on what to do next.

FILTER SWITCH! Excessive negative pressure behind the dust filter without sample flow.
Please contact the Service department.
PLEASE CHECK

PLEASE REPLACE The charge level of the memory card battery is too low. Read and back
MEMORYCARD-BATT. up the measurement data, and replace the battery.

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AIRFLOW NOT OK! The flow rate of the sample air is not at 1.2 l/min. Flow rate control is no
longer able to maintain a constant nominal throughput. Measurement is
CHECK AIR INLET
terminated.
Check the sample collection head for contaminants and clean if
necessary.

PLEASE CHECK Unable to write to the memory card – check write protection.
MOMORYCARD

WRONG SerialNo. The memory card contains data from another spectrometer.
Ser.No.xxxxxxxxxx Read the data from the memory card and then erase the card.

WRONG VERSION! The memory card contains data from another version.
Clear Memory Card Read the data from the memory card and then erase the card.

9.2.2 Warnings on the display

FATAL ERROR The self-test was not passed after multiple attempts. Please contact the
Service department.
PLEASE CHECK

Clear Mailbox & There was an internal memory error and the memory was erased.
Intern Memory

NO MEMORYCARD No memory card is being used. The data are being buffered in the
internal memory.

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9.2.3 Explanations of select error messages

NEW SELF TEST

Should this error message occur more than once, there is a device fault that has to be rectified. The
measurement device attempts to perform the self-test 5 times. Then the message “Fatal Error Please
Check!” is displayed. Also see Section 9.2.1. Possible causes are:
• A foreign object stuck to the intake nozzle and interrupting the laser beam
• A very dirty measuring cell
• Device temperature over 40°C
• A laser failure or other hardware defect
Clean the sample collection path as described under 10.1.
If the fault cannot be eliminated, contact the nearest dealer or service technician.
Normally the actual dust measurement begins after the self-test. The measurement is updated on the
display every 6 seconds. After a minute the measurement should have stabilised, since the rolling
average for the last minute is always used to make the display more consistent (i.e. the last 10
measurements).

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10 Maintenance and cleaning

Completing the following points at least once a year is recommended.

10.1 Sample air path in the measuring cell of the 164DM spectrometer

Turn off the device. Remove the sample collection tube, glass bottle and external filter, then blow out the
sample air path in the spectrometer with clean, oil-free compressed air at a max. pressure of 3 bar from
the top to the bottom. Never blow from the bottom to the top.

Never clean with the bottle screwed in place.

After cleaning, screw the bottle back on and install the external filter to prevent leaks in the sample
collection system!

10.2 Fly screen on the sample collection tube

The fly screen must be kept clean of contamination so the particles are not impeded. Remove any dirt
with compressed air.

10.3 Replacing the dust filter

The BQ filter (dust filter) containing all the dust that is taken in should be changed once a year. This is
done during the annual inspection.

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10.4 Housing

The 164DM spectrometer is enclosed by a metal housing that protects it against mechanical effects and
electromagnetic fields. The membrane keyboard and display window must be protected against severe
mechanical stresses.
A dry cloth should be used to clean the spectrometer housing, or special moist cleaning cloths for IT
equipment in case of tough dirt. Protect the device against liquids.
The fibreglass housing protects the measurement device against weather. It is not sensitive to external
dirt and can be cleaned with a damp cloth.

10.5 Internal purge air filter

To protect the laser optics against dirt and for the device self-test, an integrated fine particle filter
produces particle-free air. This filter can only be changed by trained service personnel. However, its
service life is several years even with continuous operation. Should the message “CHECK NOZZLE AND
AIR INLET” appear several times even though the sample intake is clear and there is no unallowable
overpressure on the sample intake, this indicates a problem with the purge air supply. Please contact the
nearest customer service department in this case or ask your dealer.

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11 Frequently asked questions – FAQ


Frequently asked questions known at the time of printing are answered below, with no claim of
completeness. To view the current FAQ, visit the Grimm Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG website at
www.grimm-aerosol.com.

What is Enviro? (Our environmental measurement devices)

Measuring and detecting particles in ambient air is very important for life: Limits set by the World Health
Organisation (WHO) for the protection of human health are exceeded around the world every day.
Especially in congested urban areas, the level of contamination clearly exceeds the limits that have a
serious effect on the human organism. Unlike gaseous air components, a minimum threshold for fine dust
within certain limits cannot be scientifically defined if such dust particles do not have any further relevance
for health.
Thanks to more than 30 years of experience and the work of our engineers and scientists – from
Customer Service to Product Development (R&D) – we are able to deliver the highest quality in all
aspects of our product range and services.

What is EDM?

EDM stands for Environmental Dust Monitor, the optical dust monitoring system invented by Grimm
Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG.

What is PM?

PM stands for particulate matter, constituting suspended particles and fine dust in the ambient air.

What is SVC?

SVC stands for semi-volatile components in the air. These components are airborne particles that tend to
be physically sensitive. They are able to withstand heated sample collection or to permeate filters. Semi-
volatile components in the ambient air can reach 69 percent of the total aerosol mass. The chemical SVC
composition consists mainly of nitrates and organic components.

How do our ENVIRO devices work?

The sample air is conducted directly into the measuring cell from the sample collection head or other
customer-specific air intakes, for example in case of high wind speeds or overpressure. Light pulses in
the measuring cell detect the particles in the sample air. The scattering light pulse reflected by each
individual particle is counted and the intensity of the scattering signal is classified as a certain particle
size.

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Why do I need a GRIMM multi-channel aerosol spectrometer when I already have a nephelometer?

If you want to measure precise aerosol quantities and identify the source of these components (perhaps a
real-time correlation of the mass is also of interest), your standard nephelometer is not going to help you
much. The nephelometer only provides the cumulative signal of all particles in its optical cell. Calculating
the mass in the ambient air is therefore not possible.

Can I measure several PM masses optically in real time?

Thanks to the unique patented method, the Grimm environmental measurement devices are able to
capture PM 10, PM 2.5 and PM 1, and even the total particle count simultaneously in a single device. All
results are recorded within a measuring interval of at least 6 seconds or longer and mean values for up to
one hour can be calculated.
Gravimetric filter systems worldwide to measure PM 2.5 and PM 10 serve as reference devices. All
information such as different densities on different sizes and their refraction index, which compares the
composition of the atmospheric aerosol, is preconfigured using an approved algorithm. In general terms
the fundamental idea behind the algorithm is to record these PM values as gravimetrically measured PM
values with an accuracy of 0.95.
GRIMM equipment records the results of more than 30 different size channels with our special algorithm.
Since 1998 the development of this algorithm has undergone several thousand hours of field tests in
Europe, America and Asia. Only after this testing and improvement period did GRIMM succeed in
obtaining instrument approval.

Is this method OFFICIALLY approved?

This method was first tested and approved in Europe with the model EDM180 for PM 10 according to EN
12341 and has been used successfully since then.
The same model EDM180 was also tested for approval without hardware modifications in 2010 for PM
2.5 according to EN 14907. The EDM180 delivers approved PM 10 and PM 2.5 real-time values to
measurement networks.
After field tests in the USA returned excellent accuracy levels in accordance with the reference systems,
we succeeded in obtaining EPA approval.

Is it possible to determine aerosol sizes and number distributions in addition to the PM values?

All GRIMM environmental measurement devices have an integrated 31-channel aerosol spectrometer,
0.25 to 32 µm, as well as the counting capability that is the basis of mass conversion. We therefore offer
optional operating modes:
(a) Measuring only the particle concentration and size distribution at intervals of 6 seconds and up
(b) Devices that can be switched between recording the particle count and PM values

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Can meteorological values be determined in addition to the PM values?

Normally all GRIMM environmental monitoring devices display the outside air temperature and humidity
values every minute together with the PM values. Optionally the wind speed and direction as well as
precipitation can be measured in addition to these values.

Can nano-particles also be measured?

A nano-sensor can be installed in GRIMM environmental monitoring devices to measure nano-particles


up to 10 nanometres. The highly developed method to measure fine and ultra-fine particles is the Grimm
Wide Range Aerosol Spectrometer (WRAS) method, a unique combination of SMPS and OPC. For
further information please contact the Sales department of Grimm Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG.

Is it possible to determine GAS CONCENTRATIONS in addition to PM values?

Every one of our approved gas sensors can be connected to our dust monitors with the use of our
datalogger system. Some industrial applications do not require approved sensors. We offer a number of
simpler gas sensors for these applications, for instance for the model EDM365, allowing processes to be
checked every minute.

Are all the monitoring data collected and transmitted?

GRIMM has developed a high-performance datalogger that is able to record the data from our dust
monitor, the meteorological data and various gas sensors at the same time. These results are transferred
to the datalogger but can also be transmitted to the Grimm website in real time via LAN or GSM.

Can the results be determined using the SOFTWARE?

All GRIMM spectrometers have at least one RS-232 interface. The data can be transferred to any
connected PC system. The powerful and user-friendly GRIMM SPECTROMETER SOFTWARE is able to
capture and analyse all data of all connected equipment simultaneously and in real time.

Is it possible to evaluate the state of the spectrometer when the unit is installed remotely in the
field?

The operating safety of the system is subject to continuous electronic monitoring. When faults occur,
corresponding status messages are output, recorded by the datalogger and transmitted to the Grimm
network. Therefore the state of the spectrometer can be evaluated at any time. This ensures confidence
even when extreme measurements are recorded and significantly reduces maintenance effort.

How much maintenance do GRIMM dust monitors required?

Very little! We recommend an annual inspection of the instruments. This is not only a significant cost
aspect but also reduces downtime.

What is a P-line?

The P-line is an important characteristic curve marked with a “P” and contains information about the
device measurements during the measuring process. The P-line is output to the RS-232 interface
according to the chosen interval but at least once a minute, for shorter intervals every minute.
See Section 8.3.1 for a detailed description of the P-line.

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What is a K-line?

The K-line is another important characteristic curve. It is displayed after every self-test and each time a
measuring cycle starts. The K-line contains information about the status of the laser diode and the
measuring cell. See Section 8.3.2 for an explanation of the K-line.

How high is the sample flow rate?

The flow rate at the sample intake is 1.2 litres/minute with an average tolerance of ± 3%.

How can the flow rate at the sample intake be checked?

To check the flow rate, install a flow meter at the sample intake and test it. Separate, illustrated
instructions can be obtained from the Sales department at Grimm Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG.

How can the flow rate be adjusted?

The flow rate (for example at high altitudes) is regulated with the help of a differential pressure sensor. A
restriction that needs to be emphasised is that the device may also be outside the tolerance if the
spectrometer is used at a low or high ambient pressure.
In principle the flow rate can be changed as follows:

Measure the flow rate at the sample intake on your spectrometer with a flow meter.

Connect your spectrometer to a computer with HyperTerminal and set service mode 0 or 1 on
the spectrometer:

Send the command {Ctrl} + {F} to change the flow rate in HyperTerminal. Send {+} (increase
the flow rate) or {-} (decrease the flow rate). Confirm the input with {Enter} and exit.
The flow rate is correct when it is set to 1.2 L/min.

How can the status of the internal pump be determined (applies to EDM 107)?

The status of the internal pump can be monitored with the “Im” value in the P-line. The “Im” value is given
in “Percent of actual power input of the pump”. Typically the value is in the range of 20 – 40%. A warning
is shown on the display “Check dust filter & air passage” for values of 60% or higher but the pump
continues working up to a value of 99.9%. If the “Im” value exceeds 99.9%, the error message “AIR
PUMP CURRENT TOO HIGH” is displayed and the spectrometer is stopped immediately.

What can cause the pump current to be too high?

The most common reasons for a high “Im” value are a plugged sample collection path or plugged dust
filter. Cleaning the measuring cell can solve the problem. The entire sample path should also be checked.
Other possible reasons for a high “Im” value are a defective pump or plugged filter. The spectrometer
should be sent for service to resolve these problems. A leak in the pneumatic circuit may also cause the
pump current to be too high. Such a leak can be due to defective O-rings or porous hoses because of age
or damage.

How can information about the state of the laser diode be obtained?

The La_h value in the K-line gives you information about the state of the laser diode. La_h displays the
laser current in mA when the laser works at high output. The laser diode has a monitoring diode in order
to keep the optical laser output constant. As the laser diode ages, the electricity consumption increases
GRIMM AEROSOL TECHNIK GmbH & Co. KG Page 93 of 95
Model EDM 164

for the same optical output. Typical values for La_h are around 100 + /- 25 mA. La_h values higher than
180 indicate a defective laser diode. In this case the spectrometer has to be sent for service.

How can information about the state of the measuring cell be obtained?

The value DC_diff, which indicates the difference between DC_h and DC_d in the K-line, is a good
indicator for the status of the measuring cell. Every spectrometer is supplied with a “QC protocol” that
contains the DC_diff value for production. This value should remain constant. Otherwise it indicates that
the measuring cell is dirty and needs to be cleaned. See the question “How can the sample intake and
measuring cell be cleaned?” for the procedure.

What is the best measurement interval?

Time intervals between 6 seconds and 60 minutes. Use the Grimm Windows 1178 software to change the
time intervals. A good measurement interval can be determined from the ratio between the measurement
duration and the expected number of datasets.
Example: Measurement duration 1 day
Measuring interval: 1 hour
Number of datasets: 24*1 = 24 datasets

Measurement duration 1 day


Measuring interval: 1 minute
Number of datasets: 60*24 = 1440 datasets
The larger the number of datasets, the higher the accuracy of your measurement data. With the degree of
accuracy, the time required for evaluation increases as well.

How can I deal with the error codes?

The error codes can help you diagnose problems with the spectrometer. Section 7.1.2 lists the error
codes. Consult section 9.2 “Troubleshooting” for help.
The display shows the error message: “CHECK NOZZLE AND AIR INLET” (error code 32). What has to
be done?
To protect the laser optics and for the self-test, the device is purged with particle-free air produced by a
fine filter. This fine filter has a service life of several years. If the message shown above is displayed,
check whether the sample collection path is clear and verify that no overpressure is applied, since this is
a clear indication of a fault in the internal purge air supply. A trained service technician should replace the
filter. Contact your local dealer, the manufacturer or the Service department in this case. Service
department contact information is found in section 2.8.

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Model EDM 164

12 Index
12 VDC ...................................................... 38, 39 Mains cable ..................................................... 26
18 – 32 VDC .................................................... 39 Maintenance .................................................... 88
18 VDC plug .................................................... 24 Mean values, resetting .................................... 63
Accessories ............................................... 72, 81 Measurement principle .................................... 49
acclimatisation time ......................................... 12 Memory card ............................................. 42, 45
Acclimatisation time ......................................... 12 Meteorological sensor ..................................... 24
Alarm ......................................................... 47, 85 Micro-SD card ..................................... 29, 55, 80
Altitude correction ............................................ 14 North ................................................................ 37
Back-up battery ............................................... 43 Overcurrent protection device ......................... 12
Baud rate ......................................................... 65 PAH sensor ..................................................... 79
BQ filter ............................................................ 27 PCMCIA .......................................................... 55
Button functions ............................................... 46 P-line ............................................................... 73
Calibration........................................................ 50 Power supply ................................................... 38
Car jack...................................................... 38, 39 Purge air filter .................................................. 89
Cleaning........................................................... 88 Rain protection cover ...................................... 84
Datalogger ....................................................... 28 Red plug .......................................................... 72
Datalogger interfaces ...................................... 78 Reference device ............................................ 50
Display ............................................................. 42 Repair .............................................................. 19
Display of measurements ................................ 56 RS 232 interface.............................................. 55
Dolomite........................................................... 50 RS-232 cable ................................................... 24
Dust filter.......................................................... 88 RS-232 commands.......................................... 61
Environmental conditions .......................... 14, 17 RS-232 interface ............................................. 57
Error code ........................................................ 61 RS-232 settings ............................................... 58
Error messages ............................................... 85 Sample air volume........................................... 45
Ethernet connection ......................................... 79 Sample collection head ................................... 41
Fields of application ......................................... 16 Sample collection tube .................................... 25
Filter ........................................................... 16, 18 Sample volume................................................ 63
Filter question .................................................. 45 Serial number .................................................. 63
Filter weight ............................................... 45, 63 Service address ..................................................9
Firmware version ............................................. 45 Service mode .................................................. 77
Fly screen ........................................................ 88 Service mode 0 ............................................... 70
GPRS............................................................... 32 SIM card .......................................................... 32
GPS ........................................................... 28, 33 SIM card PIN ................................................... 32
Gravimetry factor ............................................. 62 Standby ..................................................... 47, 62
Green plug ....................................................... 72 Standby mode ................................................. 45
Grimm Windows software................................ 66 Storage ............................................................ 18
GSM................................................................. 72 Storage time .............................................. 43, 44
Heating ............................................................ 25 Technical data ................................................. 82
Help screen ..................................................... 59 Timer mode ..................................................... 65
HyperTerminal ................................................. 57 Turning off ....................................................... 65
Installation........................................................ 20 Voltage transformer ......................................... 39
Interval ....................................................... 44, 62 Warning ........................................................... 86
K-line................................................................ 74 Waste .............................................................. 16
Laser ................................................................ 50 Weather station ................................... 29, 34, 76
Laser radiation ................................................. 13 Yellow plug ...................................................... 72
Latex ................................................................ 50

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